Comparison of protection against mpox following mRNA or modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in nonhuman primates

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(20), P. 5540 - 5553.e10

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases — advances, challenges and opportunities

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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The omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 drove broadly increased seroprevalence in a public university setting

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e0003893 - e0003893

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Omicron is the comparatively most transmissible and contagious variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a seroprevalence study from March 1–3, 2022, to investigate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among individuals aged 18 years older after outbreak. The anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) was found be 96.3% (95% CI 95.2–97.2%) compared 88.2% 86.1–90%) in our previous serosurvey. For anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies, 39.1% 36.6–41.7%) 19.7% 17.5–22.2%) earlier. Individuals that experienced breakthrough infections exhibited highest levels anti-RBD antibodies. Additionally, saliva samples showed promise as potential diagnostic biofluid for measuring antibody levels, they strong agreement with data obtained serum samples. near doubling anti-NC reactivity, proxy history infection, reflects contagiousness omicron variant, but may also have been influenced by more relaxed approach precautions spring 2022. Serosurveys repeated at regular intervals monitor trend community, delineate geographical spread guide containment measures communities, prompt response future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 among female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact globally, yet African populations exhibited unexpectedly lower rates of disease and mortality. We investigated the potential role pre-existing immunity in shaping epidemiology Africa. Methods Plasma collected from Senegalese female sex workers prior to was screened for SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by virion immunoblots. For antibody-reactive plasma, paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated fusion proteins IFN- γ cellular responses assessed via ELISPOT. Results observed substantial levels cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2, stemming exposure seasonal hCoVs. Our antibody analysis revealed 23.5% (47/200) seroprevalence rate against nucleocapsid (N). These samples then probed hCoV spike (S) and/or N antigens; 85.1% (40/47), 70.2% (33/47), 95.7% (45/47) reactive hCoV-229E, hCoV-OC43, or hCoV-HKU1, respectively. also demonstrated cross-reactivity with 80.0% (36/45) 82.2% (37/45) showing S N, A unique pre-pandemic subject detectable neutralization responses. Conclusion findings suggest that may induce adaptive immunity, potentially contributing protection COVID-19. study provides data on dynamics Senegal underscores importance understanding outcomes globally.

Language: Английский

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A promising mRNA vaccine derived from the JN.1 spike protein confers protective immunity against multiple emerged Omicron variants

Molecular Biomedicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Abstract Despite the declared end of COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, with emerging JN.1-derived subvariants (e.g., KP.2, KP.3) compromising efficacy current XBB.1.5-based vaccines. To address this, we developed an mRNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein JN.1, incorporating GSAS and 2P mutations encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The JN.1-mRNA elicited robust humoral cellular immune responses mice, including high JN.1-specific IgG titers, cross-neutralizing antibodies, increased T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cell cytokines. Importantly, immunity persisted for up six months induced RBD-specific long-lived plasma cells. We also compared by homologous heterologous vaccination regimens, our results demonstrated that regimen—combining a recombinant (RBD JN.1 -HR)—induced stronger responses. These findings highlight constitutes effective prophylactic approach against JN.1-related variants, as it induces potent neutralizing antibody across all tested lineages. This enhanced immunogenicity is expected significantly reduce hospitalization rates mitigate post-COVID complications associated KP.3 infections. study emphasizes need timely updates adaptability vaccines addressing pathogens, providing framework combating future infectious diseases. Collectively, these offer critical insights design public health strategies response variants.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine dose significantly extends humoral immune response half-life beyond the primary series

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines continue to be administered as the predominant prophylactic measure reduce COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Quantifying kinetics of secondary immune response from subsequent doses beyond primary series and understanding how dose-dependent waning vary a function age, sex, various comorbidities remains an important question. We study anti-spike IgG in 152 individuals who received mRNA-based (first two doses) subset 137 then booster dose. find dose elicits 71–84% increase median Anti-S half life over that series. for both decreases with age. However, we stress although chronological age continues good proxy vaccine-induced humoral waning, immunosenescence is likely not mechanism, rather, more mechanism related presence noncommunicable diseases, which also accumulate affect regulation. are able independently reproduce recent observations those pre-existing asthma exhibit stronger vaccination than compared do not, further, this result sustained Finally, via single-variate Kruskal-Wallis test no difference between male female decay kinetics, however, multivariate approach utilizing Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) regression feature selection reveals statistically significant (p $$<1\times 10^{-3}$$ < 1 × 10 - 3 ), albeit small, bias favour longer-lasting immunity amongst males.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 17 - 17

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. is characterized rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from development administration design availability antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, persistent circulation virus emergence new variants continue result high case numbers fatalities. In past four years, immense research efforts contributed much our understanding viral pathogenesis mechanism, syndrome, host-microbe interactions, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, treatments. focus this review provide comprehensive analysis functional impact on diagnosis, treatments, effectiveness. We further discuss safety pregnancy implications hybrid immunity long-term protection against infection, as well latest developments pan-coronavirus nasal formulations, emphasizing need for continued surveillance, research, adaptive health strategies response race.

Language: Английский

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Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e0012809 - e0012809

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Background The antigen Na -GST-1, expressed by the hookworm Necator americanus , plays crucial biochemical roles in parasite survival. This study explores development of mRNA vaccine candidates based on building success recombinant -GST-1 (r -GST-1) protein, currently assessed as a subunit candidate, which has shown promise preclinical and clinical studies. Methodology/findings By leveraging flexible design RNA vaccines protein intracellular trafficking signal sequences, we developed three variants native (cytosolic), secretory, plasma membrane-anchored (PM) antigens. After one immunization mice, induced an earlier onset antigen-specific antibodies compared to r -GST-1. Following two immunizations, similar or superior levels Secretory was comparable -GST1 producing neutralizing against -GST-1’s thiol transferase activity, while more robust CD8+ T cell response due its accumulation. Although PM elicited highest titers antibody diverse set memory T-cell populations, it resulted lower ratio after IgG purification other candidates. Conclusions/significance These findings emphasize importance localization tailoring immune responses suggest that extracellular antigens are effective for inducing humoral responses, whereas cytosolic accumulation enhances MHC-1 peptide presentation. Future studies will determine if these vitro immunogenicity translate vivo efficacy. Altogether, offer numerous possibilities multivalent with single multiple

Language: Английский

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Tracking Immunity: An Increased Number of COVID-19 Boosters Increases the Longevity of Anti-RBD and Anti-RBD-Neutralizing Antibodies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 61 - 61

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Background/Objectives: Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic in March 2020, virus has caused multiple waves of infection globally. Arizona State University (ASU), largest four-year university United States, offers uniquely diverse setting for assessing immunity within large community. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that an increased number exposures SARS-CoV-2 RBD through vaccination/boosters/infection will increase antibody seroprevalence by increasing longevity anti-RBD and anti-RBD-neutralizing antibodies. Methods: A serosurvey was conducted at ASU from 30 January 3 February 2023. Participants completed questionnaires about demographics, respiratory history, symptoms, vaccination status. Blood samples were analyzed anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies, offering comprehensive view both natural vaccination. Results: The antibodies 96.2% (95% CI: 94.8–97.2%), 64.9% 61.9–67.8%) participants had anti-NC Anti-RBD levels correlated strongly with neutralizing levels, who received more vaccine doses showed higher Increasing and/or resulted long-lasting Conclusions: high observed reflect substantial uptake this population. Ongoing efforts, especially as new variants emerge, are essential maintaining protective levels. These findings underscore importance sustained public health initiatives support broad-based protection.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Spike following infection in individuals from Cameroon

Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 605, P. 110467 - 110467

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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