The importance of ensuring representative sample volumes in microplastic monitoring - A predictive methodology DOI Creative Commons
Richard K. Cross, S. Craig Roberts, Monika D. Jürgens

и другие.

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

Abstract A large body of literature is available quantifying microplastic contamination in freshwater and marine systems across the globe. “Microplastics” do not represent a single analyte. Rather, they are usually operationally defined based on their size, polymer shape, dependent sample collection method analytical range measurement technique. In absence standardised methods, significant variability uncertainty remains as to how compare data from different sources so consider exposure correctly. To examine issue, previously compiled database containing 1603 observations 208 concentrations globe between 1971 2020 was analysed. Reported span nine orders magnitude. Investigating relationship sampling methods reported concentrations, striking correlation smaller unit volumes higher observed. Many studies scored poorly quality scoring protocols according size taken. It critical that sufficient particles measured reduce errors random chance. Given inverse with particle abundance, volume required for representative should be calculated case-by-case, what microplastics under investigation where being measured. Here we have developed Representative Sample Volume Predictor (RSVP) tool, which standardises statistical prediction ensure detected given level confidence. Reviewing reports freshwater, found ~12% would false negative error rate >5%. Such run risk wrongly concluding absent samples quantitative. The RSVP tool also provides harmonised Poisson point process estimation confidence intervals test whether two likely significantly different, even replication. this way, demonstrate application evaluate historic but assist new study designs environmental relevant reliable. can applied other randomly dispersed events space or time, has potential transdisciplinary tool.

Язык: Английский

Ensuring representative sample volume predictions in microplastic monitoring DOI Creative Commons
Richard K. Cross, Sarah Roberts, Monika D. Jürgens

и другие.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

2
Investigating the toxicological effects of nanomaterials in food packaging associated with human health and the environment DOI Creative Commons
Rakesh Kumar Gupta,

Proshanta Guha,

Prem Prakash Srivastav

и другие.

Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 100125 - 100125

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

12
Impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on early-life health: a roadmap towards risk assessment DOI Creative Commons

Emily A. Christopher,

Yvette Christopher-de Vries,

Anitha Devadoss

и другие.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants representing a concern for human health. MNPs have been detected in placentas, indicating that during pregnancy maternal exposure may lead to placental transfer foetal exposure, with potential adverse effects on early-life development. However, comprehensive risk assessment (RA) framework, specific is lacking. Here, we propose novel roadmap assist the development of an health RA MNPs. This designed based established chemical, mixture, particle, MNP strategies aligned standard components (problem formulation, hazard identification, characterisation, assessment, characterisation). We systematically work through these stages identify what needed progress impacts MNPs, including information missing, be used interim. While challenges such as complex physicochemical properties limited toxicity data at relevant levels, uncertainties related characterising exposures described elsewhere, our discusses how specifically impact significance presence biological samples factors influencing bioaccumulation transfer. Additionally, introduce new technology readiness levels methods detection matrices. Importantly, this review integrates broad scope into one document, providing unified resource. highlight requirements areas targeted research, dose-response relationships assessing By addressing gaps, aims advance robust ultimately enhancing understanding mitigation risks associated

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4
Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable and Conventional Polymers for Gill Nets, Exposed to Accelerated Aging DOI Creative Commons
Christian W. Karl,

Szymon Bernat,

Bjørnar Arstad

и другие.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Particle Emissions by Mechanical Treatment of Nanocomposites: Emission Library and Applications in Exposure and Risk Assessment DOI Creative Commons
Antti Joonas Koivisto, Michael A. Jayjock, Tareq Hussein

и другие.

Open Research Europe, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5, С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Background Reworking and use of nanocomposites (materials with incorporated or embedded nanomaterials) are shown to release relevant quantities particles that can cause risk for the workers product users. It is mandatory provide Conditions Use (CoU) in Exposure Scenarios REACH legislation. This requires information on emissions registrant required report. Regardless legislation, rarely studied reported. Here, we revised available emission/release studies considering mechanical treatment nanocomposites. Methods A literature review measurements was conducted years 2017 – 2024. Emission scaling CoU assessment were demonstrated sanding, drilling, milling, sawing, abrasion scenarios. model performance testing performed by comparing predicted concentration levels measured an industrial sanding scenario. Results One out 32 reported 12 contained sufficient contextual calculate emissions. We developed guidelines created a data collection sheet help researchers developers report from stress tests. Most particle number concentrations insufficient assessment, where hazard profiles given mass dose/concentration. Modelled 2.4 times higher than However, due differences materials measurement techniques, uncertainty not possible conduct, applicability confirmed. Conclusions In reporting quantifying containing nanomaterials mandatory. this, Emissions key factor predictive exposure modelling assessment. guidance emission templates demonstrate how be quantified efficiently.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Impact of carbon on global and regional economies: analyzing economic growth, employment, and trade balances through artificial neural networks DOI
Siqi Liu, Yousef Zandi,

Alireza Sadighi Agdas

и другие.

Carbon letters, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 8, 2025

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Environmental degradation and fragmentation of microplastics: dependence on polymer type, humidity, UV dose and temperature DOI Creative Commons
Patrizia Pfohl,

Katherine Santizo,

Joana Marie Sipe

и другие.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Abstract Depending on the environmental compartment, plastics are subjected to various stressors, including UV light, water, microbial exudates (enzymes), and temperature. Among these, stress from photo-chemical processes was identified as a leading exposure pathway of plastics, e.g., in atmosphere or water surface. While focus earlier studies mainly deterioration chemical mechanical properties, more recent demonstrate how photo-oxidation leads fragmentation release secondary micro- nanoplastic fragments, well low-molecular weight species. These tend single condition limited number polymer types. Therefore, this study focuses systematically evaluating influence temperature relative humidity during simulated degradation five types pristine microplastic powders: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, high impact polystyrene thermoplastic polyurethane. We quantified dose-dependent water-soluble organics, nanoplastics (including their particle size distributions) found that identity dictated type quantity species released rather than aging protocol. With systematic assessment generated data can be used mechanistic models determine rates fragment distributions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Particle Emissions by Mechanical Treatment of Nanocomposites: Emission Library and Applications in Exposure and Risk Assessment DOI Creative Commons
Antti Joonas Koivisto, Michael A. Jayjock, Tareq Hussein

и другие.

Open Research Europe, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 5, С. 63 - 63

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Background Reworking and use of nanocomposites (materials with incorporated or embedded nanomaterials) are shown to release relevant quantities particles that can cause risk for the workers product users. It is mandatory provide Conditions Use (CoU) in Exposure Scenarios REACH legislation. This requires information on emissions registrant required report. Regardless legislation, rarely studied reported. Here, we revised available emission/release studies considering mechanical treatment nanocomposites. Methods A literature review measurements was conducted years 2017 – 2024. Emission scaling CoU assessment were demonstrated sanding, drilling, milling, sawing, abrasion scenarios. model performance testing performed by comparing predicted concentration levels measured an industrial sanding scenario. Results One out 32 reported 12 contained sufficient contextual calculate emissions. We developed guidelines created a data collection sheet help researchers developers report from stress tests. Most particle number concentrations insufficient assessment, where hazard profiles given mass dose/concentration. Modelled 2.4 times higher than However, due differences materials measurement techniques, uncertainty not possible conduct, applicability confirmed. Conclusions In reporting quantifying containing nanomaterials mandatory. this, Emissions key factor predictive exposure modelling assessment. guidance emission templates demonstrate how be quantified efficiently.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Exploring the Essential Use Concept for Primary Microplastics Regulation in the EU DOI
Stefano Amberg, Denise M. Mitrano

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

With the increasing prevalence of plastic pollution, including microplastics (MPs, particles <5 mm), pursuit safer and more sustainable alternatives gains traction. While a substantial portion MPs in environment arises from degradation litter wear polymer-containing materials (secondary MPs), deliberate incorporation certain products (primary MPs) also represents considerable source, targeted measures can be implemented to minimize human exposure environmental releases. Improved policies for managing macroplastic waste help mitigate secondary MPs, but addressing primary requires distinct strategies. Globally, various approaches, such as bans or restrictions on have been proposed, recent EU regulation under REACH, which groups intentionally added together based their diverse uses properties. However, applying Essential Use Concept (EUC) provides refined regulatory approach; balancing health, technical feasibility, innovation. This perspective explores potential, challenges, limitations implementing EUC MPs. By examining four use cases─controlled-release medicines, agricultural seed coatings, personal care products, artificial turf infill─we highlight how prioritize essential beneficial applications while phasing out nonessential uses.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0
Environmental Degradation and Fragmentation of Microplastics: Dependence on Polymer Type, Humidity, UV Dose and Temperature DOI Creative Commons
Patrizia Pfohl,

Katherine Santizo,

Joana Marie Sipe

и другие.

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

Abstract Depending on the environmental compartment, plastics are subjected to various stressors, including UV light, water, microbial exudates (enzymes), and temperature. Among these, stress from photo-chemical processes was identified as a leading exposure pathway of plastics, e.g., in atmosphere or water surface. While focus earlier studies mainly deterioration chemical mechanical properties, more recent demonstrate how photo-oxidation leads fragmentation release secondary micro- nanoplastic fragments, well low-molecular weight species. These tend single condition limited number polymer types. Therefore, this study focuses systematically evaluating influence temperature relative humidity during simulated degradation five types pristine microplastic powders: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, high impact polystyrene thermoplastic polyurethane. We quantified dose-dependent water-soluble organics, nanoplastics (including their particle size distributions) found that identity dictated type quantity species released rather than aging protocol. With systematic assessment generated data can be used mechanistic models determine rates fragment distributions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

0