The importance of ensuring representative sample volumes in microplastic monitoring - A predictive methodology DOI Creative Commons
Richard K. Cross, S. Craig Roberts, Monika D. Jürgens

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Abstract A large body of literature is available quantifying microplastic contamination in freshwater and marine systems across the globe. “Microplastics” do not represent a single analyte. Rather, they are usually operationally defined based on their size, polymer shape, dependent sample collection method analytical range measurement technique. In absence standardised methods, significant variability uncertainty remains as to how compare data from different sources so consider exposure correctly. To examine issue, previously compiled database containing 1603 observations 208 concentrations globe between 1971 2020 was analysed. Reported span nine orders magnitude. Investigating relationship sampling methods reported concentrations, striking correlation smaller unit volumes higher observed. Many studies scored poorly quality scoring protocols according size taken. It critical that sufficient particles measured reduce errors random chance. Given inverse with particle abundance, volume required for representative should be calculated case-by-case, what microplastics under investigation where being measured. Here we have developed Representative Sample Volume Predictor (RSVP) tool, which standardises statistical prediction ensure detected given level confidence. Reviewing reports freshwater, found ~12% would false negative error rate >5%. Such run risk wrongly concluding absent samples quantitative. The RSVP tool also provides harmonised Poisson point process estimation confidence intervals test whether two likely significantly different, even replication. this way, demonstrate application evaluate historic but assist new study designs environmental relevant reliable. can applied other randomly dispersed events space or time, has potential transdisciplinary tool.

Language: Английский

Ensuring representative sample volume predictions in microplastic monitoring DOI Creative Commons
Richard K. Cross, Sarah Roberts, Monika D. Jürgens

et al.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Investigating the toxicological effects of nanomaterials in food packaging associated with human health and the environment DOI Creative Commons
Rakesh Kumar Gupta,

Proshanta Guha,

Prem Prakash Srivastav

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100125 - 100125

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on early-life health: a roadmap towards risk assessment DOI Creative Commons

Emily A. Christopher,

Yvette Christopher-de Vries,

Anitha Devadoss

et al.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants representing a concern for human health. MNPs have been detected in placentas, indicating that during pregnancy maternal exposure may lead to placental transfer foetal exposure, with potential adverse effects on early-life development. However, comprehensive risk assessment (RA) framework, specific is lacking. Here, we propose novel roadmap assist the development of an health RA MNPs. This designed based established chemical, mixture, particle, MNP strategies aligned standard components (problem formulation, hazard identification, characterisation, assessment, characterisation). We systematically work through these stages identify what needed progress impacts MNPs, including information missing, be used interim. While challenges such as complex physicochemical properties limited toxicity data at relevant levels, uncertainties related characterising exposures described elsewhere, our discusses how specifically impact significance presence biological samples factors influencing bioaccumulation transfer. Additionally, introduce new technology readiness levels methods detection matrices. Importantly, this review integrates broad scope into one document, providing unified resource. highlight requirements areas targeted research, dose-response relationships assessing By addressing gaps, aims advance robust ultimately enhancing understanding mitigation risks associated

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable and Conventional Polymers for Gill Nets, Exposed to Accelerated Aging DOI Creative Commons
Christian W. Karl,

Szymon Bernat,

Bjørnar Arstad

et al.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Particle Emissions by Mechanical Treatment of Nanocomposites: Emission Library and Applications in Exposure and Risk Assessment DOI Creative Commons
Antti Joonas Koivisto, Michael A. Jayjock, Tareq Hussein

et al.

Open Research Europe, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 63 - 63

Published: March 6, 2025

Background Reworking and use of nanocomposites (materials with incorporated or embedded nanomaterials) are shown to release relevant quantities particles that can cause risk for the workers product users. It is mandatory provide Conditions Use (CoU) in Exposure Scenarios REACH legislation. This requires information on emissions registrant required report. Regardless legislation, rarely studied reported. Here, we revised available emission/release studies considering mechanical treatment nanocomposites. Methods A literature review measurements was conducted years 2017 – 2024. Emission scaling CoU assessment were demonstrated sanding, drilling, milling, sawing, abrasion scenarios. model performance testing performed by comparing predicted concentration levels measured an industrial sanding scenario. Results One out 32 reported 12 contained sufficient contextual calculate emissions. We developed guidelines created a data collection sheet help researchers developers report from stress tests. Most particle number concentrations insufficient assessment, where hazard profiles given mass dose/concentration. Modelled 2.4 times higher than However, due differences materials measurement techniques, uncertainty not possible conduct, applicability confirmed. Conclusions In reporting quantifying containing nanomaterials mandatory. this, Emissions key factor predictive exposure modelling assessment. guidance emission templates demonstrate how be quantified efficiently.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Impact of carbon on global and regional economies: analyzing economic growth, employment, and trade balances through artificial neural networks DOI
Siqi Liu, Yousef Zandi,

Alireza Sadighi Agdas

et al.

Carbon letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Environmental degradation and fragmentation of microplastics: dependence on polymer type, humidity, UV dose and temperature DOI Creative Commons
Patrizia Pfohl,

Katherine Santizo,

Joana Marie Sipe

et al.

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract Depending on the environmental compartment, plastics are subjected to various stressors, including UV light, water, microbial exudates (enzymes), and temperature. Among these, stress from photo-chemical processes was identified as a leading exposure pathway of plastics, e.g., in atmosphere or water surface. While focus earlier studies mainly deterioration chemical mechanical properties, more recent demonstrate how photo-oxidation leads fragmentation release secondary micro- nanoplastic fragments, well low-molecular weight species. These tend single condition limited number polymer types. Therefore, this study focuses systematically evaluating influence temperature relative humidity during simulated degradation five types pristine microplastic powders: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, high impact polystyrene thermoplastic polyurethane. We quantified dose-dependent water-soluble organics, nanoplastics (including their particle size distributions) found that identity dictated type quantity species released rather than aging protocol. With systematic assessment generated data can be used mechanistic models determine rates fragment distributions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Particle Emissions by Mechanical Treatment of Nanocomposites: Emission Library and Applications in Exposure and Risk Assessment DOI Creative Commons
Antti Joonas Koivisto, Michael A. Jayjock, Tareq Hussein

et al.

Open Research Europe, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 63 - 63

Published: March 31, 2025

Background Reworking and use of nanocomposites (materials with incorporated or embedded nanomaterials) are shown to release relevant quantities particles that can cause risk for the workers product users. It is mandatory provide Conditions Use (CoU) in Exposure Scenarios REACH legislation. This requires information on emissions registrant required report. Regardless legislation, rarely studied reported. Here, we revised available emission/release studies considering mechanical treatment nanocomposites. Methods A literature review measurements was conducted years 2017 – 2024. Emission scaling CoU assessment were demonstrated sanding, drilling, milling, sawing, abrasion scenarios. model performance testing performed by comparing predicted concentration levels measured an industrial sanding scenario. Results One out 32 reported 12 contained sufficient contextual calculate emissions. We developed guidelines created a data collection sheet help researchers developers report from stress tests. Most particle number concentrations insufficient assessment, where hazard profiles given mass dose/concentration. Modelled 2.4 times higher than However, due differences materials measurement techniques, uncertainty not possible conduct, applicability confirmed. Conclusions In reporting quantifying containing nanomaterials mandatory. this, Emissions key factor predictive exposure modelling assessment. guidance emission templates demonstrate how be quantified efficiently.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exploring the Essential Use Concept for Primary Microplastics Regulation in the EU DOI
Stefano Amberg, Denise M. Mitrano

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

With the increasing prevalence of plastic pollution, including microplastics (MPs, particles <5 mm), pursuit safer and more sustainable alternatives gains traction. While a substantial portion MPs in environment arises from degradation litter wear polymer-containing materials (secondary MPs), deliberate incorporation certain products (primary MPs) also represents considerable source, targeted measures can be implemented to minimize human exposure environmental releases. Improved policies for managing macroplastic waste help mitigate secondary MPs, but addressing primary requires distinct strategies. Globally, various approaches, such as bans or restrictions on have been proposed, recent EU regulation under REACH, which groups intentionally added together based their diverse uses properties. However, applying Essential Use Concept (EUC) provides refined regulatory approach; balancing health, technical feasibility, innovation. This perspective explores potential, challenges, limitations implementing EUC MPs. By examining four use cases─controlled-release medicines, agricultural seed coatings, personal care products, artificial turf infill─we highlight how prioritize essential beneficial applications while phasing out nonessential uses.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Environmental Degradation and Fragmentation of Microplastics: Dependence on Polymer Type, Humidity, UV Dose and Temperature DOI Creative Commons
Patrizia Pfohl,

Katherine Santizo,

Joana Marie Sipe

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Abstract Depending on the environmental compartment, plastics are subjected to various stressors, including UV light, water, microbial exudates (enzymes), and temperature. Among these, stress from photo-chemical processes was identified as a leading exposure pathway of plastics, e.g., in atmosphere or water surface. While focus earlier studies mainly deterioration chemical mechanical properties, more recent demonstrate how photo-oxidation leads fragmentation release secondary micro- nanoplastic fragments, well low-molecular weight species. These tend single condition limited number polymer types. Therefore, this study focuses systematically evaluating influence temperature relative humidity during simulated degradation five types pristine microplastic powders: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, polyamide 6, high impact polystyrene thermoplastic polyurethane. We quantified dose-dependent water-soluble organics, nanoplastics (including their particle size distributions) found that identity dictated type quantity species released rather than aging protocol. With systematic assessment generated data can be used mechanistic models determine rates fragment distributions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0