Origin of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance, and Their Impacts on Drug Development: A Narrative Review

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(11), С. 1615 - 1615

Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2023

Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, saving countless lives since their discovery in the early 20th century. However, origin of antibiotics is now overshadowed by alarming rise antibiotic resistance. This global crisis stems from relentless adaptability microorganisms, driven misuse and overuse antibiotics. article explores subsequent emergence It delves into mechanisms employed bacteria to develop resistance, highlighting dire consequences drug including compromised patient care, increased mortality rates, escalating healthcare costs. The elucidates latest strategies against drug-resistant encompassing innovative approaches such as phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas9 technology, exploration natural compounds. Moreover, it examines profound impact resistance on development, rendering pursuit new economically challenging. limitations challenges developing novel are discussed, along with hurdles regulatory process that hinder progress this critical field. Proposals for modifying facilitate development presented. withdrawal major pharmaceutical firms research examined, potential re-engage interest. also outlines initiatives overcome economic incentivize emphasizing international collaborations partnerships. Finally, sheds light government-led a specific focus Middle East. discusses proactive measures taken governments region, Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, combat threat. In face multifaceted approach imperative. provides valuable insights complex landscape challenges, collaborative efforts required ensure future where remain effective tools safeguarding public health.

Язык: Английский

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The Role of AI in Hospitals and Clinics: Transforming Healthcare in the 21st Century

Bioengineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(4), С. 337 - 337

Опубликована: Март 29, 2024

As healthcare systems around the world face challenges such as escalating costs, limited access, and growing demand for personalized care, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging a key force transformation. This review motivated by urgent need to harness AI’s potential mitigate these issues aims critically assess integration in different domains. We explore how AI empowers clinical decision-making, optimizes hospital operation management, refines medical image analysis, revolutionizes patient care monitoring through AI-powered wearables. Through several case studies, we has transformed specific domains discuss remaining possible solutions. Additionally, will methodologies assessing solutions, ethical of deployment, importance data privacy bias mitigation responsible technology use. By presenting critical assessment transformative potential, this equips researchers with deeper understanding current future impact on healthcare. It encourages an interdisciplinary dialogue between researchers, clinicians, technologists navigate complexities implementation, fostering development AI-driven solutions that prioritize standards, equity, patient-centered approach.

Язык: Английский

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) 2.0: A manifesto of open challenges and interdisciplinary research directions

Information Fusion, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 106, С. 102301 - 102301

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Understanding black box models has become paramount as systems based on opaque Artificial Intelligence (AI) continue to flourish in diverse real-world applications. In response, Explainable AI (XAI) emerged a field of research with practical and ethical benefits across various domains. This paper highlights the advancements XAI its application scenarios addresses ongoing challenges within XAI, emphasizing need for broader perspectives collaborative efforts. We bring together experts from fields identify open problems, striving synchronize agendas accelerate By fostering discussion interdisciplinary cooperation, we aim propel forward, contributing continued success. develop comprehensive proposal advancing XAI. To achieve this goal, present manifesto 28 problems categorized into nine categories. These encapsulate complexities nuances offer road map future research. For each problem, provide promising directions hope harnessing collective intelligence interested stakeholders.

Язык: Английский

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PHILOSOPHY IN BUSINESS ANALYTICS: A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE AND ETHICAL APPROACHES

International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(1), С. 69 - 86

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2024

The integration of philosophy into the realm business analytics is a nuanced and evolving discourse that transcends technicalities data analysis. This paper encapsulates comprehensive review delves ethical sustainable dimensions analytics, probing philosophical underpinnings shape responsible use in corporate decision-making. examines moral considerations inherent investigating implications collection, analysis, utilization. It contemplates landscape privacy, transparency, responsibilities businesses era pervasive data-driven Furthermore, explores sustainability acknowledging environmental impact centers, energy consumption, life cycle digital technologies. evaluates principles guiding practices field, aiming to harmonize pursuit insights with ecological responsibility. In essence, this study outlines exploration how shapes guides approaches domain analytics. sets stage for critical examination intersection between decision-making underpin practices. Keywords: Philosophy, Business Analytics, Sustainable, Ethical Approaches, Review.

Язык: Английский

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Overview and Field Guide for Future Research Directions

IEEE Access, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. 101603 - 101625

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Autonomous driving has achieved significant milestones in research and development over the last two decades. There is increasing interest field as deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promises safer more ecologically friendly transportation systems. With rapid progress computationally powerful artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, AVs can sense their environment with high precision, make safe real-time decisions, operate reliably without human intervention. However, intelligent decision-making such not generally understandable by humans current state art, deficiency hinders this technology from being socially acceptable. Hence, aside making must also explain AI-guided process order to be regulatory-compliant across many jurisdictions. Our study sheds comprehensive light on explainable (XAI) approaches for AVs. In particular, we following contributions. First, provide a thorough overview state-of-the-art emerging XAI-based driving. We then propose conceptual framework considering essential elements end-to-end Finally, present prospective directions paradigms future that hold promise enhancing transparency, trustworthiness, societal acceptance

Язык: Английский

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Global Regulatory Frameworks for the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Healthcare Services Sector

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(5), С. 562 - 562

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

The healthcare sector is faced with challenges due to a shrinking workforce and rise in chronic diseases that are worsening demographic epidemiological shifts. Digital health interventions include artificial intelligence (AI) being identified as some of the potential solutions these challenges. ultimate aim AI systems improve patient’s outcomes satisfaction, overall population’s health, well-being professionals. applications services vast expected assist, automate, augment several services. Like any other emerging innovation, also comes its own risks requires regulatory controls. A review literature was undertaken study existing landscape for developed nations. In global landscape, most regulations revolve around Software Medical Device (SaMD) regulated under digital products. However, it necessary note current may not suffice AI-based technologies capable working autonomously, adapting their algorithms, improving performance over time based on new real-world data they have encountered. Hence, convergence healthcare, similar voluntary code conduct by US-EU Trade Technology Council, would be beneficial all nations, developing or developed.

Язык: Английский

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Strategies for Integrating Generative AI into Higher Education: Navigating Challenges and Leveraging Opportunities

Education Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5), С. 503 - 503

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

The recent emergence of generative AI (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, and Gemini have introduced revolutionary capabilities that are predicted to transform numerous facets society fundamentally. In higher education (HE), the advent GenAI presents a pivotal moment may profoundly alter learning teaching practices in aspects inaccuracy, bias, overreliance on technology algorithms, limited access educational resources require in-depth investigation. To evaluate implications adopting HE, team academics field experts co-authored this paper, which analyzes potential for responsible integration into HE provides recommendations about integration. This paper recommends strategies integrating create following positive outcomes: raise awareness disruptive change, train faculty, change assessment practices, partner with students, impart literacies, bridge digital divide, conduct applied research. Finally, we propose four preliminary scale levels adoption faculty. At each level, suggest courses action facilitate progress next stage GenAI. study offers valuable set decision-makers enabling them prepare judicious HE.

Язык: Английский

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Theoretical insights into AI product launch strategies for start-ups: Navigating market challenges

International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(1), С. 062 - 072

Опубликована: Март 26, 2024

Launching AI products presents unique challenges for start-ups, requiring a deep understanding of market dynamics and effective strategic planning. This paper explores theoretical frameworks practical approaches to help start-ups navigate the complexities product launches. We begin by analyzing challenges, including competitive landscapes, segmentation, regulatory considerations. Drawing from models such as lean startup methodology, crossing chasm theory, blue ocean strategy, we propose comprehensive framework launch strategies. Tactical MVP development, customer-centricity, partnerships, scalability considerations are discussed facilitate successful Implementation talent acquisition, resource allocation, investor management, addressed alongside ethical in deployment. Case studies examples offer insights both failed Through this exploration, aim equip with necessary drive launches an ever-evolving landscape.

Язык: Английский

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TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ETHICAL AI DEVELOPMENT IN IT SYSTEMS

Computer Science & IT Research Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(3), С. 616 - 627

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has prompted significant societal, ethical, and legal concerns regarding their deployment in information technology (IT) systems. Addressing these necessitates the establishment a robust ethical framework to guide AI development integration into IT This paper presents comprehensive conceptual aimed at fostering within proposed incorporates multidisciplinary perspectives, drawing upon principles from ethics, computer science, law, philosophy. It emphasizes considerations every stage lifecycle, including design, implementation, deployment, maintenance. Central this is recognition systems as socio-technical artifacts with profound impacts on individuals, communities, societies large. Key components include transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, security. Transparency entails ensuring that algorithms decision-making processes are comprehensible explainable stakeholders, thereby trust enabling scrutiny. Accountability mechanisms essential for attributing responsibility AI-driven outcomes facilitating recourse cases harm or injustice. Moreover, importance fairness systems, advocating mitigation biases discrimination across diverse demographic groups. Privacy protection measures deemed crucial safeguarding individuals' personal data unauthorized access misuse, while security protocols defending against malicious exploitation adversarial attacks. By delineating guidelines best practices, aims empower developers, policymakers, organizations navigate complex landscape Ultimately, adoption such imperative harnessing transformative potential upholding fundamental societal values. Keywords: Ethical, AI, IT, System, Framework, Development, Review.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Internet of Medical Things security with artificial intelligence: A comprehensive review

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 170, С. 108036 - 108036

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024

Over the past five years, interest in literature regarding security of Internet Medical Things (IoMT) has increased. Due to enhanced interconnectedness IoMT devices, their susceptibility cyber-attacks proportionally escalated. Motivated by promising potential AI-related technologies improve certain cybersecurity measures, we present a comprehensive review this emerging field. In review, attempt bridge corresponding gap modern that deploy AI techniques performance and compensate for privacy vulnerabilities. direction, have systematically gathered classified extensive research on topic. Our findings highlight fact integration machine learning (ML) deep (DL) improves both measures speed, reliability, effectiveness. This may be proven useful improving devices. Furthermore, considering numerous advantages as opposed core counterparts, including blockchain, anomaly detection, homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, federated learning, so on, provide structured overview current scientific trends. We conclude with considerations future research, emphasizing AI-driven landscape, especially patient data protection data-driven healthcare.

Язык: Английский

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