Scientists' warning on climate change and insects

Ecological Monographs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 93(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2022

Abstract Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but also exacerbates harmful other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms threats species preservation, as well preservation an array ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among affected groups animals insects—central components many ecosystems—for which climate change pervasive from individuals communities. In this contribution scientists' warning series, we summarize effect gradual global surface temperature increase insects, physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and interactions, increased frequency duration extreme events such hot cold spells, fires, droughts, floods these parameters. We warn that, if no action taken better understand reduce will drastically our ability build a sustainable future based healthy, functional ecosystems. discuss perspectives relevant ways conserve insects face change, offer several key recommendations management approaches that can adopted, policies should pursued, involvement general public protection effort.

Язык: Английский

---

Meta-analysis reveals less sensitivity of non-native animals than natives to extreme weather worldwide

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 7(12), С. 2004 - 2027

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Bees display limited acclimation capacity for heat tolerance

Biology Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Bees are essential pollinators and understanding their ability to cope with extreme temperature changes is crucial for predicting resilience climate change, but studies limited. We measured the response of critical thermal maximum (CTMax) short-term acclimation in foragers six bee species from Greek island Lesvos, which differ body size, nesting habit, level sociality. calculated ratio as a metric assess capacity tested whether bees’ was influenced by size and/or CTMax. also assessed CTMax increases following acute heat exposure simulating wave. Average estimate varied among increased did not significantly shift treatment except sweat Lasioglossum malachurum. Acclimation averaged 9% it associated or Similarly, average increase exposure. These results indicate that bees might have limited enhance tolerance via prior exposure, rendering them physiologically sensitive rapid during weather events. findings reinforce idea insects, like other ectotherms, generally express weak plasticity CTMax, underscoring role behavioral thermoregulation avoidance temperatures. Conserving restoring native vegetation can provide temporary refuges

Язык: Английский

---

Climate and edaphic factors drive soil nematode diversity and community composition in urban ecosystems

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 180, С. 109010 - 109010

Опубликована: Март 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Heatwave predicts a shady future for insects: impacts of an extreme weather event on a chalk grassland in Bedfordshire, UK

Journal of Insect Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28(5), С. 923 - 933

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Climate change is set to become one of the leading causes biodiversity loss worldwide, with extreme weather events projected increase in frequency. Ectothermic animals such as insects are at particular risk, especially when they isolated and unable move through landscape track suitable climate. To protect taxa, it important understand how impacted by whether management could provide effective microclimate refuges. However, potential interventions remain untested for many species. Here, we show that high temperatures experienced UK on 19th July 2022 resulted a community butterflies becoming inactive, but shaded areas, including artificial slopes created part conservation climate change, provided refuge during this period. Our results indicate future force shelter shade, potentially being fly, feed or mate these periods, possible long-term impacts, particularly if multiple consecutive temperature days experienced.

Язык: Английский

---

Combined effects of warming and drought on plant biomass depend on plant woodiness and community type: a meta-analysis

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 289(1984)

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2022

Global warming and precipitation extremes (drought or increased precipitation) strongly affect plant primary production thereby terrestrial ecosystem functioning. Recent syntheses show that combined effects of on biomass are generally additive, while individual experiments often interactive effects, indicating more negative positive than expected based the single factors. Here, we examined whether variation in responses to can be explained by growth form community type. We performed a meta-analysis 37 studies, which experimentally crossed treatments, test depended woodiness type (monocultures versus mixtures). Our results confirmed were overall additive. However, drought above- belowground less woody- herbaceous systems mixtures monocultures. further greenhouse- field suggesting greenhouse may overstate field. highlight importance system characteristics better understand climate change.

Язык: Английский

---

Light effects on seedling growth in simulated forest canopy gaps vary across species from different successional stages

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Tropical forests continue to suffer from various kinds of disturbances in the Anthropocene. An immediate impact on forest ecosystems is creation numerous large and small canopy gaps, which dramatically affect structure function. Yet, we know little about effect gaps successional trajectory. More specifically, responses seedlings different stages increased light intensity under understory remain unclear. In this study, dominant tree early-, mid-, late-successional were selected, respectively a tropical montane Hainan Island, China study their growth rate, biomass traits. Our results showed that condition (SG, 10–15% full sunlight) (LG, 40–50% induced greater increment relative rates for early- mid-successional stage. Both SG LG also significantly photosynthesis leaf area (LA), saturation point (LSP), root mass ratio (RMR) root: shoot ratio, but decreased specific (SLA) across stages. Tree early-successional stage displayed greatest decrease increase LA, LSP, RMR, comparison those mid- late- Light SLA most important factors seedlings’ rate connected interaction between growth, thereby jointly explaining 93% variation combining with area-based saturated CO 2 assimilation. highlights distinct disturbance-induced seedling regeneration due intensity. We suspect will recover relatively slow after causing losses, can have detrimental impacts feature trajectory forest, as well forest-based ecosystem services.

Язык: Английский

---

Ectomycorrhizal fungi: Potential guardians of terrestrial ecosystems

mLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(3), С. 387 - 390

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

The tolerance of terrestrial ecosystems to anthropogenic stress and climate change has received increasing attention considering the intensification global changes caused by human activities1. Improvement carbon sequestration capacity ability mitigate in ecosystems, especially forest are simultaneously receiving owing lack sufficient effective negative emission technologies1, 2. However, upper limit ecosystem service function plants, methods further enhance cope with have become a topic concern for researchers3, 4. Mycorrhizal fungi can form stable symbiotic relationships plants promote plant resistance nutrient element utilization efficiency, thereby enhancing soil sequestration5-7. Consequently, mycorrhizal considered crucial resilience against environmental change. Studying utilizing functions have, therefore, vital changes. commonly divided into four types (arbuscular mycorrhizal, orchid ericoid ectomycorrhizal fungi), which most common important arbuscular fungi8, 9. Arbuscular higher diversity (approximately 72% all fungal species) larger distribution range 70% ecosystems) than fungi, thus more from researchers8, 10, 11. Over past 24 years, according Web Science, although literature on demonstrated an trend, been far greater that (Figure 1A). In 2023, was 5.7 times 2000. comparison, increased only 2.5 over same period approximately 4 2023 This seems indicate researchers generally believe ecological role is fungi. this case? biggest difference between hyphae extend cells root system, while encapsulated outside cells, eventually forming biofilm surface system. Ectomycorrhizal act as protective armor roots pathogenic microorganisms12, 13, pollutants14, 15, even nuclear radiation16, 17; enhances plants. Moreover, such facilitate direct uptake nitrogen phosphorus organic matter, not boosts survival under acquisition efficiency but also makes adaptable harsh environments, drought, low availability, cold conditions18-21. protect biodiversity high-latitude temperate regions through their interactions plants13, 19, 22. Although improve no advantage other aspects found23, 24, making them unsuitable coping environments Fungal mycelia, fruiting body primarily composed compounds difficult decompose. These microbial residues constantly transported pool, promoting underground (known "entombing effect")25. effect however, strong fungi24. believed directly "mine" substrates enzymes, reduce decompose litter slowing down matter decomposition reducing loss carbon23, 24. By contrast, require saprophytes inorganic before they utilize nutrients, resulting some loss20. Therefore, overcome limitations, climate, increase biomass, dominated biomass fungi6, 26-28. Plant species associated show 30% elevated CO2, almost zero biomass29. More should be paid study current research insufficient. Extreme change, example, temperatures rainfall, impairs growth development fungi30-32. future explore mechanisms maintaining competitiveness high heavy rainfall. Considering adapted dry, cold, barren environments6, 21 because often dominant topsoil community8, 33, 34, intentional introduction during restoration activities, afforestation grass planting, could accelerate community succession processes enable provide services functions. Globally, widespread, transformation reduced presence vegetation, potential implications storage10. dominance expanded ecosystems. For artificial inoculation or sowing used establish would change35. work sponsored National Natural Science Foundation China (No. 32301442).

Язык: Английский

---

Revisiting the hydrological legacy of revegetation on China's Loess Plateau using Eagleson's ecohydrological perspective

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 929, С. 172758 - 172758

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Effects of extreme temperatures on public sentiment in 49 Chinese cities

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2024

The rising sentiment challenges of the metropolitan residents may be attributed to extreme temperatures. However, nationwide real-time empirical studies that examine this claim are rare. In research, we construct a daily temperature index and metric using geotagged posts on one China's largest social media sites, Weibo, verify hypothesis. We find temperatures causally decrease individuals' sentiment, extremely low more than high temperature. Heterogeneity analyses reveal individuals living in levels PM2.5, existing new COVID-19 diagnoses low-disposable income cities workdays vulnerable impact sentiment. More importantly, results also demonstrate adverse effects minor for people northern with breezes. Finally, estimate one-standard increase (low) temperature, decreases by approximately 0.161 (0.272) units. Employing monitor public can assist policymakers developing data-driven evidence-based policies alleviate impacts

Язык: Английский

---