Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(12), С. 2749 - 2749

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy and high-fructose products. present review aims to describe the effect on metabolism, inflammation, antioxidant status; impact gut microbiota mitochondrial fitness; cardiovascular health, mental cancer; sanitary cost diet. To achieve this goal, consensus critical was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, secondary including bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, Web were used complete assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords “Western diet”, “inflammation”, “metabolic health”, fitness”, “heart disease”, “cancer”, “oxidative stress”, “mental “metabolism” used. following exclusion criteria applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane review’s focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings conferences, unpublished studies. This information will allow for better comprehension nutritional behavior its an individual’s metabolism well national systems. Finally, practical applications derived from are made.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiome and tryptophan metabolomics analysis in adolescent depression: roles of the gut microbiota in the regulation of tryptophan-derived neurotransmitters and behaviors in human and mice

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2023

Abstract Background Adolescent depression is becoming one of the major public health concerns, because its increased prevalence and risk significant functional impairment suicidality. Clinical commonly emerges in adolescence; therefore, prevention intervention at this stage crucial. Recent evidence supports importance gut microbiota (GM) modulation multiple functions associated with through gut-brain axis (GBA). However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, current study, we aimed to screen out from healthy depressive adolescents, delineate association targeted adolescent depression, address salutary effects on anti-depressive behaviors mice involving metabolism tryptophan (Trp)-derived neurotransmitters along GBA. Results Here, found volunteers, first diagnosis patients sertraline interveners after displayed difference, relative abundance Faecalibacterium , Roseburia Collinsella Blautia Phascolarctobacterium Lachnospiraceae-unclassified decreased patients, while restored treatment. Of note, exhibited a high efficiency predicting depression. Intriguingly, transplantation fecal volunteers chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depressed significantly ameliorated mouse behaviors, which exerted critical roles, since effective colonization colon resulted remarkably 5-HT level reciprocally kynurenine (Kyn) toxic metabolites quinolinic acid (Quin) 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) levels both brain colon. The specific roles were further validated by target bacteria model, intestinalis ( Ri .) was gavaged importantly, it dramatically CRS-induced via promoting hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) or -1 (TPH1) expression. Reciprocally, Ri. markedly restrained limit-step enzyme responsible for (indoleamine2,3-dioxygenase 1, IDO1) (3-hydroxyanthranilic 3,4-dioxygenase, 3HAO) generation, thereby Kyn Quin levels. Additionally, . administration pivotal role protection synaptic loss, microglial activation, astrocyte maintenance. Conclusions This study beneficial balancing Trp-derived neurotransmitter improving synaptogenesis glial maintenance, may yield novel insights into microbial markers therapeutic strategies GBA

Язык: Английский

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Harnessing Gut Microbiota for Biomimetic Innovations in Health and Biotechnology

Biomimetics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(2), С. 73 - 73

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays fundamental role in human health by regulating immunity, metabolism, the gut–brain axis. Beyond its critical physiological functions, it has emerged as rich source of inspiration for biomimetic innovations healthcare biotechnology. This review explores transformative potential microbiota-based biomimetics, focusing on key biological mechanisms such resilience, self-regulation, quorum sensing. These have inspired development innovative applications, including personalized probiotics, synbiotics, artificial microbiomes, bioinspired biosensors, bioremediation systems. Such technologies aim to emulate optimize intricate functions microbial ecosystems, addressing challenges environmental sustainability. integration advanced technologies, intelligence, bioengineering, multi-omics approaches, further accelerated biomimetics. tools enable precision therapies tailored individual profiles, enhance efficacy diagnostic systems, facilitate design environmentally sustainable solutions, waste-to-energy systems platforms. Emerging areas innovation, gut-on-chip models synthetic biology, offer unprecedented opportunities studying applying principles controlled environments. Despite these advancements, remain. replication complexity environments, ethical concerns regarding genetically engineered microorganisms, equitable access are hurdles must be addressed. underscores importance interdisciplinary collaboration public awareness overcoming barriers ensuring responsible solutions. By leveraging biomimetics represents promising frontier approach revolutionize therapeutic strategies, redefine tools, address global challenges, paving way more personalized, efficient, future medicine

Язык: Английский

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Role of enteric glia and microbiota-gut-brain axis in parkinson disease pathogenesis

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 84, С. 101812 - 101812

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Systemic sclerosis gastrointestinal dysmotility: risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiota–brain axis in neurological disorders

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(8)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2024

Abstract Previous studies have shown a bidirectional communication between human gut microbiota and the brain, known as microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA influences host's nervous system development, emotional regulation, cognitive function through neurotransmitters, immune modulation, metabolic pathways. Factors like diet, lifestyle, genetics, environment shape composition together. Most research explored how regulates host physiology its potential in preventing treating neurological disorders. However, individual heterogeneity of microbiota, strains playing dominant role diseases, interactions these microbial metabolites with central/peripheral systems still need exploration. This review summarizes driving neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease), mood (anxiety depression) recent years discusses current clinical preclinical microbe‐based interventions, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation. It also puts forward insufficient on provides framework for further

Язык: Английский

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Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2024

The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well contributes to mental health maintenance. pathways that underpin the expand from macroscopic interactions with nervous system, molecular signals include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. importance inflammatory aspects altered recently highlighted literature. Here we summarize current reports on signaling which involves immune response within intestinal blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize effect stress altering barriers' permeability, therapeutic potential microbiota restoration by probiotic administration transplantation, based latest animal studies. Most research performed various models showed an association between behaviors, dysbiosis gut microbiota, disruption permeability simultaneous changes BBB integrity. It could be postulated under conditions impaired communication across may therefore represent significant mechanism allowing affect brain functions.

Язык: Английский

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as Potent Neurotoxic Glycolipids in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(20), С. 12671 - 12671

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are microbiome-derived glycolipids that among the most potent pro-inflammatory neurotoxins known. In Homo sapiens, major sources of LPSs gastrointestinal (GI)-tract-resident facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli. have been abundantly detected in aged human brain by multiple independent research investigators, an increased abundance around within Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neurons has found. Microbiome-generated other endotoxins cross GI-tract biophysiological barriers into systemic circulation across blood-brain barrier brain, a pathological process increases during aging vascular disorders, 'leaky gut syndrome'. Further evidence indicates up-regulate transcription factor complex NF-kB (p50/p65) subsequently set NF-kB-sensitive microRNAs, miRNA-30b, miRNA-34a, miRNA-146a miRNA-155. These up-regulated miRNAs turn down-regulate family neurodegeneration-associated messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, mRNA encoding neuron-specific neurofilament light (NF-L) chain protein. While NF-L reported to be peripheral biofluids AD progressive lethal neurodegenerative is significantly down-regulated neocortical neurons, this may account for neuronal atrophy, loss axonal caliber alterations cell shape, modified synaptic architecture network deficits signaling capacity. This paper reviews reveals current findings on neurotoxic aspects how these contribute biological mechanism progressive, age-related ultimately disorders. recently discovered gut-microbiota-derived LPS-NF-kB-miRNA-30b-NF-L network: (i) underscores direct positive link between microbes inflammatory neuropathology, disordered cytoskeleton, disrupted synaptic-signaling stressed cells primary culture; (ii) first example glycolipid having significant detrimental miRNA-mediated actions expression NF-L, abundant filamentous protein known important maintenance homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome at the crossroad of genetic variants and behavior disorders

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2023

Genetic variants are traditionally known to shape the susceptibility neuropsychiatric disorders. An increasing number of studies indicate that remodeling gut microbiome by genetic variance serves as a versatile regulator gut-brain crosstalk and behavior. Evidence also emerges certain behavioral symptoms specifically attributed microbial gut-to-brain signals, which necessitates rethinking disease etiology treatment from systems perspective reciprocal gene-microbe interactions. Here, we present an emerging picture how microbes host genetics interactively complex psychiatric phenotypes. We illustrate growing understanding is shaped changes its connection outcome. discuss working strategies open questions in translating associative gene-microbiome-behavior findings into causal links novel targets for neurobehavioral Dual targeting factors may expand space drug discovery diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 350, С. 122748 - 122748

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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