The metabolites of lactic acid bacteria: classification, biosynthesis and modulation of gut microbiota

Microbial Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(3), С. 49 - 62

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous microorganisms that can colonize the intestine and participate in physiological metabolism of host. LAB produce a variety metabolites, including organic acids, bacteriocin, amino exopolysaccharides vitamins. These metabolites basis function have profound impact on host health. The is colonized by large number gut with high species diversity. Metabolites keep balance stability microbiota through aiding maintenance intestinal epithelial barrier, resisting to pathogens regulating immune responses, which further influence nutrition, behavior In this review, we summarize their intestine. We also discuss underlying regulatory mechanisms emphasize link between human from perspective health promotion.

Язык: Английский

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Gastrodia elata polysaccharide alleviates Parkinson's disease via inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating the gut microbiota

Food & Function, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(6), С. 2920 - 2938

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Gastrodia elata polysaccharide significantly alleviated motor dysfunction, inhibited α-synuclein accumulation in PD mice via inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways modulating the gut microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review

Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(1), С. 122 - 122

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2023

Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid edible fungi. In recent years, research on mushroom for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel cancers and other symptoms by changing intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. could promote human health regulating gut microbiota, increasing production short-chain fatty acids, improving mucosal barrier, lipid metabolism activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these activities closely related to molecular weight, monosaccharide composition type glycosidic bond polysaccharide. This review aims summarize latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects microbiota; (2) The effect polysaccharide structure (3) Metabolism (4) Effects microbe-mediated diseases. It provides theoretical basis further exploring mechanism microbiota gives reference developing utilizing as promising prebiotics in future.

Язык: Английский

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Gut-microbiome-brain axis: the crosstalk between the vagus nerve, alpha-synuclein and the brain in Parkinson’s disease

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(12), С. 2611 - 2614

Опубликована: Май 12, 2023

This critical review of the literature shows that there is a close link between microbiome, gut, and brain in Parkinson's disease. The vagus nerve, main component parasympathetic nervous system, involved regulation immune response, digestion, heart rate, control mood. It can detect microbiota metabolites through its afferents, transferring this gut information to central system. Preclinical clinical studies have shown important role played by microbiome gut-related factors disease development progression, as well treatment responses. These findings suggest may be valuable target for new therapeutic strategies More are needed better understand underlying biology how axis modulated patient's benefit.

Язык: Английский

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From the Gut to the Brain: The Role of Enteric Glial Cells and Their Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 1294 - 1294

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

The brain–gut axis has been identified as an important contributor to the physiopathology of Parkinson’s disease. In this pathology, inflammation is thought be driven by damage caused aggregation α-synuclein in brain. Interestingly, Braak’s theory proposes that misfolding may originate gut and spread a “prion-like” manner through vagus nerve into central nervous system. enteric system, glial cells are most abundant cellular component. Several studies have evaluated their role Using samples obtained from patients, cell cultures, or animal models, with specific antibodies label (GFAP, Sox-10, S100β) seem indicate activation reactive gliosis associated neurodegeneration produced disease Of interest, Toll-like receptors, which expressed on cells, participate triggering immune/inflammatory responses, maintenance intestinal barrier integrity configuration microbiota; thus, these receptors might contribute External factors like stress also relevant its pathogenesis. Some authors studied ways reverse changes EGCs interventions such administration Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors, nutraceuticals, physical exercise. researchers point out beyond being activated during disease, development synucleinopathies. Thus, it still necessary further study

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Glial Cells as Molecular Target for Parkinson’s Disease

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(6), С. 474 - 474

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has been implicated. Current intervention PD focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief does not address neuronal loss progression of disease. It well established nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies identified nAChRs nonneuronal cell types, including glial cells, where they inflammatory responses. Given crucial role neuroinflammation dopaminergic degeneration involvement microglia astrocytes response, provide novel therapeutic target prevention and/or treatment PD. In review, following brief discussion PD, we focus cells and, specifically, their pathology treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Blood-brain barrier biomarkers

Advances in clinical chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 88

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Inflammatory Mechanism of Parkinson’s Disease: Gut Microbiota Metabolites Affect the Development of the Disease Through the Gut–Brain Axis

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 159 - 159

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025

Parkinson's disease is recognized as the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally, with its incidence rate projected to increase alongside ongoing population growth. However, precise etiology of remains elusive. This article explores inflammatory mechanisms linking gut microbiota disease, emphasizing alterations in and their metabolites that influence disease's progression through bidirectional transmission signals along gut-brain axis. Building on this mechanistic framework, further discusses research methodologies treatment strategies focused metabolites, including metabolomics detection techniques, animal model investigations, therapeutic approaches such dietary interventions, probiotic treatments, fecal transplantation. Ultimately, aims elucidate relationship between underlying thereby paving way for novel avenues condition.

Язык: Английский

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Gut mucosal cells transfer α-synuclein to the vagus nerve

JCI Insight, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(23)

Опубликована: Дек. 7, 2023

Clinical and experimental data indicate that the gut may play a role in PD susceptibility.Not only do gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation often precede motor of (22)(23)(24), experimentally, it has been suggested rodent models exogenous α-synuclein fibrils introduced into can spread to brain (25-27).Abnormal aggregates have histopathologically identified enteric nervous system prior development (22).Evidence supporting for involvement pathology includes observation immunoreactive inclusions localize neurons submucosal plexus, whose axons project mucosa (28-30) myenteric parallel input vagus nerve (31).Mice harboring A53T transgene exhibited dysfunction including increased colonic transit times reduced fecal output consistent with (32, 33).In animals, vagal route transport also documented following exposure environmental toxicant rotenone cause misfolding (34), well direct injections adeno-associated viral vectors overexpressing human (35).More recently, was demonstrated vagotomy prevented formation when were injected susceptible mice, indicating pathogenic from terminals (25, 36).However, physiologically relevant origins misfolded protein might use conduit (or out of) unclear.One clue be some epidemiological observations suggest complete truncal patients is associated decreased risk PD, suggesting at least cases aggregation critical later on (37-39).Recently, discovered enteroendocrine cells (EECs) connect culture intact mice (40).Using modified rabies tracing vivo, synaptic connection verified between peptide YY-expressing EECs colon (40).In coculture experiments dishes, cholecystokinin-containing (CCK-containing) sensory form spontaneous connections (40, 41).Thus, there appears an inherent affinity (42).EECs are exposed lumen respond numerous chemical physical stimuli diet, microbiome, environment (40,(43)(44)(45).Long thought produce exclusively hormones, now known possess neuron-like properties, part phenotype include endogenous expression (42,46).EECs express neurotransmitters other canonical presynaptic proteins axon-like processes sometimes called neuropods through which they nearby nerves 41).To explore potential cellular source pathological contribute seeding activity brain, here we organoids transgenic whether mucosal nerve.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbes in inflammatory bowel disease: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165, С. 114893 - 114893

Опубликована: Июнь 22, 2023

Gut microbes constitute the main microbiota in human body, which can regulate biological processes such as immunity, cell proliferation, and differentiation, hence playing a specific function intestinal diseases. In recent years, gut have become research hotspot pharmaceutical field. Because of their enormous number, diversity, functional complexity, essential functions development many digestive Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic non-specific inflammatory with complex etiology, exact cause pathogenesis are unclear. There no medicines that cure IBD, more on therapeutic drugs urgently needed. It has been reported play critical role pathogenesis, there tight association between IBD. The dysregulation may be predisposing factor for at same time, IBD exacerbate microbes' disorders, but mechanism interaction two still not well defined. study relationship only important to elucidate also positive effect treatment based regimen regulating microbes. This review describes latest progress provide reference assistance further research. theoretical basis application probiotics, fecal transplantation, other methods

Язык: Английский

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