Thermal Reactions and Byproducts from the Waste-to-Energy Process of Flame Retardant-Containing Wastes—A Review

Green energy and fuel research., Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Review Thermal Reactions and Byproducts from the Waste-to-Energy Process of Flame Retardant-Containing Wastes—A Chun-Yun Hsiao Sheng-Lun Lin * Department Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Rd, East Dist, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 65845) Received: 14 February 2025; Revised: 27 April Accepted: 28 Published: 8 May 2025 Abstract: The increasing global concern about warming has spurred researchers industries to actively explore low-carbon energy alternatives reduce carbon emissions lessen dependence on traditional sources. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion emerged as a promising solution in this pursuit. However, prevalence flame retardants (FRs) various household materials poses challenge WTE processes. FRs, commonly added prevent fire hazards, include chlorine-, phosphorus-, nitrogen-based variants, each with specific applications suppression mechanisms. treatment technologies, such incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal treatment, are currently employed for conversion. While effective reducing waste volume degrading most these processes can generate secondary pollutants, including polychlorinated dioxins, complex reaction pathways that difficult control. This necessitates stringent management measures mitigate associated environmental risks. In contrast, non-thermal degradation techniques, chemical degradation, photocatalysis, biodegradation, electrochemical methods, offer more environmentally friendly alternatives. current technological limitations constrain their application scope efficiency. review aims comprehensively examine pollutant emission behaviors FRs during thermal conversion, highlight risks, assess potential techniques. By analyzing aspects, seeks provide scientific insights support achieving valorization sustainability.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition of decabromobiphenyl: Reaction with reactive radicals and formation chemistry of polybrominated dibenzofurans

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 263, С. 120061 - 120061

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Degradation Mechanism of Decabromodiphenyl Ether: Reaction with Reactive Radicals and Formation Chemistry Of Polybrominated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Despite decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been banned from production and use as a brominated flame retardant, its threat to human ecological environment cannot still be ignored. Nevertheless, the mechanism of BDE-209 initiated by reactive radicals in thermochemical decomposition process remains unknown. The density functional theory (DFT) method is used study behavior with radical reactions formation polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs). results show that not prone self-decomposition due high BDEs (249.6 ~ 281.4 kJ/mol) HOMO-LUMO energy gap (7.10 eV). reaction three active free radicals, including •H, Br•, •OH, usually variety hypobromated products or important intermediates at low barriers (52.9, 54.3, 50.4 kJ/mol). OH-addition OH-abstraction form octabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, which further debrominated PBDDs. Ortho-phenyl-type generated eliminating ortho-Br crucial precursor for PBDD/Fs. most favorable pathway subsequent degradation ortho-phenyl-type IM10 → TS38 IM13. participation polymer materials increased toxic reason formed chain scission can easily extract atom BDE-209, thereby promoting (ortho-phenyl radical) induced explored help control substances during thermal treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Theoretical and experimental study on the reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation of co-pyrolysis process of hydrogen halide and polyethylene terephthalate

Fuel, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 390, С. 134665 - 134665

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Degradation mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ether: Reaction with reactive radicals and formation chemistry of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 107139 - 107139

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Multiscale mechanisms elucidation and kinetic modeling for polyethylene terephthalate separation pathways: A combined computational-experimental perspective on pyrolysis, hydrolysis, and alcoholysis processes

Separation and Purification Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 133293 - 133293

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Insights into the hydrogenation reaction degradation mechanisms of lignin model compound using density functional theory methods

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 263, С. 120204 - 120204

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic investigation on hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of polyethylene terephthalate initiated by participation of calcium ions

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Management of waste containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers: A review

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(22), С. e40229 - e40229

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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