Thermal Reactions and Byproducts from the Waste-to-Energy Process of Flame Retardant-Containing Wastes—A Review

Green energy and fuel research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 8, 2025

Review Thermal Reactions and Byproducts from the Waste-to-Energy Process of Flame Retardant-Containing Wastes—A Chun-Yun Hsiao Sheng-Lun Lin * Department Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Rd, East Dist, Tainan 70101, Taiwan Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 65845) Received: 14 February 2025; Revised: 27 April Accepted: 28 Published: 8 May 2025 Abstract: The increasing global concern about warming has spurred researchers industries to actively explore low-carbon energy alternatives reduce carbon emissions lessen dependence on traditional sources. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversion emerged as a promising solution in this pursuit. However, prevalence flame retardants (FRs) various household materials poses challenge WTE processes. FRs, commonly added prevent fire hazards, include chlorine-, phosphorus-, nitrogen-based variants, each with specific applications suppression mechanisms. treatment technologies, such incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal treatment, are currently employed for conversion. While effective reducing waste volume degrading most these processes can generate secondary pollutants, including polychlorinated dioxins, complex reaction pathways that difficult control. This necessitates stringent management measures mitigate associated environmental risks. In contrast, non-thermal degradation techniques, chemical degradation, photocatalysis, biodegradation, electrochemical methods, offer more environmentally friendly alternatives. current technological limitations constrain their application scope efficiency. review aims comprehensively examine pollutant emission behaviors FRs during thermal conversion, highlight risks, assess potential techniques. By analyzing aspects, seeks provide scientific insights support achieving valorization sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition of decabromobiphenyl: Reaction with reactive radicals and formation chemistry of polybrominated dibenzofurans

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 120061 - 120061

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Degradation Mechanism of Decabromodiphenyl Ether: Reaction with Reactive Radicals and Formation Chemistry Of Polybrominated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Despite decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been banned from production and use as a brominated flame retardant, its threat to human ecological environment cannot still be ignored. Nevertheless, the mechanism of BDE-209 initiated by reactive radicals in thermochemical decomposition process remains unknown. The density functional theory (DFT) method is used study behavior with radical reactions formation polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs). results show that not prone self-decomposition due high BDEs (249.6 ~ 281.4 kJ/mol) HOMO-LUMO energy gap (7.10 eV). reaction three active free radicals, including •H, Br•, •OH, usually variety hypobromated products or important intermediates at low barriers (52.9, 54.3, 50.4 kJ/mol). OH-addition OH-abstraction form octabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, which further debrominated PBDDs. Ortho-phenyl-type generated eliminating ortho-Br crucial precursor for PBDD/Fs. most favorable pathway subsequent degradation ortho-phenyl-type IM10 → TS38 IM13. participation polymer materials increased toxic reason formed chain scission can easily extract atom BDE-209, thereby promoting (ortho-phenyl radical) induced explored help control substances during thermal treatment.

Language: Английский

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Theoretical and experimental study on the reaction mechanism and toxicity evaluation of co-pyrolysis process of hydrogen halide and polyethylene terephthalate

Fuel, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 390, P. 134665 - 134665

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Language: Английский

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Degradation mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ether: Reaction with reactive radicals and formation chemistry of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107139 - 107139

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Multiscale mechanisms elucidation and kinetic modeling for polyethylene terephthalate separation pathways: A combined computational-experimental perspective on pyrolysis, hydrolysis, and alcoholysis processes

Separation and Purification Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 133293 - 133293

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Insights into the hydrogenation reaction degradation mechanisms of lignin model compound using density functional theory methods

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 120204 - 120204

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic investigation on hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of polyethylene terephthalate initiated by participation of calcium ions

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Management of waste containing polybrominated diphenyl ethers: A review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(22), P. e40229 - e40229

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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