The role of graphene quantum dots in cutting‐edge medical therapies

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 35(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Abstract Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), owing to their unique optical, electrical, and chemical properties, have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in utilization GQDs tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery systems, other therapies. The inherent properties GQDs, including high biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, significant surface area, make them ideal candidates enhancing medical treatments diagnostics. In improve mechanical biological performance scaffolds, promoting cell proliferation differentiation. For enhance antimicrobial activity facilitate faster regeneration. Their potential DDS is highlighted by ability deliver therapeutic agents efficiently, ensuring targeted controlled release. Additionally, play crucial role therapies, particularly cancer treatment, efficacy reducing side effects. While offer diagnostics, challenges such understanding long‐term cytotoxicity at higher concentrations, need standardized synthesis methods remain critical areas further research. also discusses future directions opportunities emphasizing transformative advancing modern healthcare solutions. insights presented here contribute expanding field GQD research, highlighting significantly patient outcomes drive innovations.

Язык: Английский

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Focused Ultrasound and Microbubble-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein to Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Molecular Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 33(3), С. 986 - 996

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The emergence of cancer sono-immunotherapy

Trends in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(7), С. 549 - 563

Опубликована: Июнь 23, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The role of focused ultrasound for pediatric brain tumors: current insights and future implications on treatment strategies

Child s Nervous System, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(8), С. 2333 - 2344

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac gene delivery using ultrasound: State of the field

Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 32(3), С. 101277 - 101277

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous and exciting progress toward extending use of medical ultrasound beyond a traditional imaging tool. Ultrasound contrast agents, typically used for improved visualization blood flow, have explored as novel non-viral gene delivery vectors cardiovascular therapy. Given this adaptation to contrast-enhancing presents an image-guided site-specific technique with potential multi-gene repeatable protocols—overcoming some limitations alternative therapy approaches. In review, we provide overview studies date that employ cardiac using disease animal models summarize their key findings.Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Shear stress preconditioning and microbubble flow pattern modulate ultrasound-assisted plasma membrane permeabilization

Materials Today Bio, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27, С. 101128 - 101128

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2024

The recent and exciting success of anti-inflammatory therapies for ischemic heart disease (e.g. atherosclerosis) is hindered by the lack site-specific targeted therapeutic deposition. Microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound, which uses circulating, lipid-encapsulated intravascular microbubbles to locally enhance endothelial permeability, offers an approach. Atherosclerotic plaques preferentially develop in regions with disturbed blood flow, microbubble-endothelial cell membrane interactions under such flow conditions are not well understood. Here, using acoustically-coupled microscopy system, cells were sonicated (1 MHz, 20 cycle bursts, 1 ms PRI, 4 s duration, 300 kPa peak-negative pressure) perfusion Definity™ bubbles examine microbubble-mediated permeabilization a range physiological conditions. Endothelial preconditioning prolonged shear influenced physiology secretome, inducing increased expression pro-angiogenesis analytes, decreasing levels pro-inflammatory ones, increasing susceptibility ultrasound therapy. Ultrasound treatment efficiency was positively correlated concentrations pro-angiogenic cytokines VEGF-A, EGF, FGF-2), negatively chemokines MCP-1, GCP-2, SDF-1). Furthermore, therapy non-reversing pulsatile (∼4–8 dyne/cm2, 0.5–1 Hz) up 2.4-fold compared shear-matched laminar yet reversing oscillatory resulted more heterogeneous modulation. This study provides insight into role vascular physiology, including biology, design localized drug delivery system disease.

Язык: Английский

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Open‐Source Throttling of CD8⁺ T Cells in Brain with Low‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound‐Guided Sequential Delivery of CXCL10, IL‐2, and aPD‐L1 for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(44)

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

Abstract Improving clinical immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) relies on addressing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Enhancing CD8 + T cell infiltration and preventing its exhaustion holds promise effective GBM immunotherapy. Here, a low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)‐guided sequential delivery strategy is developed to enhance cells activity in region. The of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) recruit interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) reduce their termed an “open‐source throttling” strategy. Consequently, up 3.39‐fold are observed with LIFU‐guided CXCL10, IL‐2, anti‐programmed death 1 (aPD‐L1), compared free aPD‐L1 group. immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapeutic efficacy substantially enhanced by reversed TME due expansion cells, resulting elimination tumor, prolonged survival time, long‐term memory establishment orthotopic mice. Overall, cytokine ICIs offers which may present promising brain‐tumor

Язык: Английский

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Focused Ultrasound

Investigative Radiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Invasive open surgery used to be compulsory access tumor mass perform excision or resection. Development of minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures followed, as well catheter-based approaches, such stenting, endovascular surgery, chemoembolization, brachytherapy, which minimize side effects and reduce the risks patients. Completely noninvasive bring further benefits in terms reducing risk, procedure time, recovery potential infection, other effects. Focusing ultrasound waves from outside body specifically at disease site has proven a safe approach localized ablative hyperthermia, mechanical ablation, targeted drug delivery. Focused medical intervention was proposed decades ago, but it only became feasible plan, guide, monitor, control treatment with advanced radiological imaging capabilities. The purpose this review is describe capabilities approaches these tasks, emphasis on magnetic resonance ultrasound. Some already are clinical practice, more trial stage. Imaging fully integrated workflow includes following: (1) planning, definition target regions adjacent organs risk; (2) real-time monitoring via thermometry imaging, cavitation feedback, motion control, assure targeting safety normal tissues; (3) evaluation efficacy, assessment ablation physiological parameters, blood supply. This also focuses sonosensitive microparticles nanoparticles, microbubbles injected bloodstream. They enable energy deposition down microvascular level, induce vascular inflammation shutdown, accelerate clot dissolution, delivery interventions, including focal gene Especially exciting ability opening blood-brain barrier desired areas within brain. Overall, focused under image guidance rapidly developing, become choice interventional radiology tool treat cure

Язык: Английский

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Current status and future prospects of molecular imaging in targeting the tumor immune microenvironment

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Molecular imaging technologies have significantly transformed cancer research and clinical practice, offering valuable tools for visualizing understanding the complex tumor immune microenvironment. These allow non-invasive examination of key components within microenvironment, including cells, cytokines, stromal providing crucial insights into biology treatment responses. This paper reviews latest advancements in molecular imaging, with a focus on its applications assessing interactions Additionally, challenges faced by are discussed, such as need highly sensitive specific agents, issues data integration, difficulties translation. The future outlook emphasizes potential to enhance personalized through integration artificial intelligence development novel probes. Addressing these is essential fully realizing improving diagnosis, treatment, patient outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Shear Stress and Microbubble‐Mediated Modulation of Endothelial Cell Immunobiology

Small Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Cellular immunotherapy remains hindered in the context of solid tumors due to immunosuppressive microenvironment, which key endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are suppressed. Microbubble‐mediated focused ultrasound is being explored for targeted and can exert local shear stress upon neighboring cells. However, fluid microbubble‐induced modulation immunobiology not well understood. Herein, influence both types on human vein (HUVEC) brain (HBEC‐5i) CAM expression secretion over 90 cytokines using acoustically coupled microscopy examined. Fluid flow results time‐dependent expression, where ICAM‐1 peaked at 4 h (1.98‐fold, p < 0.001, HUVEC) 24 (1.56‐fold, HBEC‐5i). While some chemokines significantly enhanced (up 16.2‐fold; 0.001) from (e.g., IL‐8, MCP‐1, MCP‐3), others differentially expressed CCL5, CXCL‐16, SDF‐1). Under ultrasound, increased (≈1.4‐fold, 0.01) resulted significant large‐magnitude ( 0.05) differential 20 cytokines, most have immune‐activating function within a subset those induced by shear‐flow. regulates secretome toward an immune recruitment paradigm, thus may reinforce tumor cellular efforts.

Язык: Английский

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