A Virtuous Cycle of Phytoremediation, Pyrolysis, and Biochar Applications toward Safe PFAS Levels in Soil, Feed, and Food

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

InfoMetricsFiguresRef. Journal of Agricultural and Food ChemistryASAPArticle This publication is Open Access under the license indicated. Learn More CiteCitationCitation abstractCitation referencesMore citation options ShareShare onFacebookX (Twitter)WeChatLinkedInRedditEmailJump toExpandCollapse ViewpointJanuary 29, 2025A Virtuous Cycle Phytoremediation, Pyrolysis, Biochar Applications toward Safe PFAS Levels in Soil, Feed, FoodClick to copy article linkArticle link copied!Gerard Cornelissen*Gerard CornelissenNorwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo 0484, NorwayNorwegian University Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås 1432, Norway*[email protected]More by Gerard Cornelissenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-9514Nathalie BrielsNathalie BrielsARCHE Consulting, Ghent 9032, BelgiumMore Nathalie Brielshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-3004Thomas D. BucheliThomas BucheliEnvironmental Analytics, Agroscope, Zürich 8046, SwitzerlandMore Thomas Buchelihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3104Nicolas EstoppeyNicolas EstoppeyNorwegian NorwayMore Nicolas EstoppeyAndrea GredeljAndrea GredeljNorwegian Andrea Gredeljhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-871XNikolas HagemannNikolas HagemannEnvironmental SwitzerlandIthaka Institute, Goldbach 63773, GermanyMore Nikolas HagemannSylvain LerchSylvain LerchRuminant Nutrition Emissions, Posieux 1725, Sylvain Lerchhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-8012Simon LotzSimon LotzIthaka Arbaz 1974, Simon LotzDaniel RasseDaniel RasseNorwegian for Bioeconomy (NIBIO), Daniel Rassehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-3863Hans-Peter SchmidtHans-Peter SchmidtIthaka Hans-Peter Schmidthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-7506Erlend SørmoErlend SørmoNorwegian Erlend Sørmohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-8777Hans Peter H. ArpHans ArpNorwegian Science Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Hans Arphttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-8838Open PDFJournal ChemistryCite this: J. Agric. Chem. 2025, XXXX, XXX, XXX-XXXClick citationCitation copied!https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00651https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00651Published January 2025 Publication History Received 14 2025Published online 29 2025article-commentary© The Authors. Published American Chemical Society. licensed CC-BY 4.0 . License Summary*You are free share (copy redistribute) this any medium or format adapt (remix, transform, build upon) material purpose, even commercially within parameters below:Creative Commons (CC): a Creative license.Attribution (BY): Credit must be given creator.View full license*DisclaimerThis summary highlights only some key features terms actual license. It not has no legal value. Carefully review before using these materials. underCC-BY share(copy adapt(remix, below: Attribution *DisclaimerThis creator. View ACS Publications© SocietySubjectswhat subjectsArticle subjects automatically applied from Subject Taxonomy describe scientific concepts themes article.BeveragesBiomassCropsPyrolysisSoilsPFAS AgricultureClick section linkSection copied!Farmlands can contaminated with per- polyfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) increased levels biosolids, compost, digestate, animal manure. Such contamination lead high persistent (ground)water, crops, milk, meat, (1) increasing human dietary exposure.Phytoremediation, AmendmentClick copied!Remediation PFAS-impacted agricultural soil challenging because diffuse character pollution. (2) Destructive approaches (soil washing, excavation, incineration, chemical oxidation) will impair ecosystem services cause carbon emissions. In situ methods such as phytoremediation (3) sorbent amendment carbonaceous and/or ion-exchanging materials (4) less intrusive more cost-effective. (2,3) Phytoremediation been demonstrated cost-effective, environmentally friendly, energy efficient, aesthetically pleasing option. However, variabilities were observed between uptake potential different plant species. (3,5) Pyrolysis mineralize biomass, (6) providing win–win solution which eliminated biomass other biosolids (7) through pyrolysis, generating biochar. sustainable (4,8) co-benefits sequestration (1–2 t CO2 equivalents/t biochar (9)), waste management, (2,6) generation during pyrolysis. (2)A CycleClick copied!We propose virtuous cycle accumulation short-chain PFAS, destroying them pyrolytic treatment, applying resulting PFAS-free immobilize long-chain (Figure 1). Pyrolyzing alleviates constraints disposal. proposed takes advantage phytoextraction (ultra)short-chain strongly sorbed We further suggest that addition forages may reduce bioavailability thereby reducing milk meat.Figure 1Figure 1. Phytoremediation–pyrolysis–biochar including biochar-amended ruminant feed.High Resolution ImageDownload MS PowerPoint SlideTo optimize combined remediation cycle, pyrolysis probably needs conducted above 800 °C ensure destruction sufficient size pores (>2 nm (4,10)) sorb molecules (>1.5 (8)). Amendment 1% sludge (activated) high-T wood reduced level leaching perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) up 92–99%, (8,10) notably better effectiveness than (C4–5) (40–70% (8)).Roughly 5 dry weight (dw) (ha grass)−1 year–1, approximately one-third total harvest, could turned into 1 on ha per year. Acquiring enough amend top 20 cm (ρ = 1.3 g cm–3) would then take ∼25 years. Using co-pyrolysis alternative feedstocks manure, (11) crop residues, (7,8) reeds (10) shorten time frame. Assuming price € 1000 t–1, cost 25 000 ha–1 plus incorporation fodder yield losses. overall lower incorporating credits 150 (t CO2)−1 2030. (11,12)Optimizing PhytoremediationClick copied!The depends local conditions bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) particular soil–plant system. BAF ranges ∼10 PFBS PFBA ∼1 PFOS PFOA. (13) times dw harvest year–1 order 50–500 years, underscoring need identify hyperaccumulator crops BAFs. below few dozen same magnitude needed administer biochar.Biochar-Amended Fodder Reduce Meat MilkClick copied!Biochar administration improve health well meat production. (12) Ruminants have fed 100–400 day–1 while consuming 10 kg grass day–1. reduces bioaccessibility thus digestive tract, body tissues, chronic risk meat. Biochar–water distribution ratios, Kd, reach 106 L kg–1 PFOS, (8) far grass–water Kd's (20–50 kg–1). Thus, tract ≤700-fold. Actual reductions due (i) incomplete fodder–biochar mixing rumen intestine, (ii) natural organic matter (iii) weaker sorption biochar, (iv) 250 being too little "depurate" 500 ruminant, (14,15) (v) fluids activity. (14) Conversely, slightly acidic environment (pH 5.8) weaken electrostatic repulsion polar headgroups. Also, digested present manure play role sorbing fertility. (12)Restoration PFAS-Contaminated FarmlandClick copied!Pyrolyzing entire should considered last resort farmland Alternatively, converting 10–20% harvested availability gradually, offering long-term climate compromising farmer income, especially compensation payments. (16)There indications amendments effective over scales. matrix itself >80% stable millennia, (9) strength increase slow diffusion deeper narrow aggregates. (17)The best preventing prevent it ever entering; however, already compromised land, application phytoremediation–pyrolysis–biochar help restore quality. Optimization done field trials, various herbage species agroforestry varying conditions. Hyperaccumulators grown pyrolyzed back-applied, after reseeded. Remediation land achieved decade.Author InformationClick copied!Corresponding AuthorGerard Cornelissen - Norwegian Norway; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-9514; Email: [email protected]AuthorsNathalie Briels ARCHE Belgium; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-3004Thomas Bucheli Environmental Switzerland; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-3104Nicolas Estoppey NorwayAndrea Gredelj https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7766-871XNikolas Hagemann Ithaka GermanySylvain Lerch Ruminant https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-8012Simon Lotz SwitzerlandDaniel Rasse https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-3863Hans-Peter Schmidt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8275-7506Erlend Sørmo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-8777Hans Arp https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-8838NotesThe authors declare competing financial interest.ReferencesClick copied! references 17 publications. 1Jha, G.; Kankarla, V.; McLennon, E.; Pal, S.; Sihi, D.; Dari, B.; Diaz, Nocco, M. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl integrated crop–livestock systems: environmental exposure risks. Int. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18 (23), 12550, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312550 Google ScholarThere corresponding record reference.2Mahinroosta, R.; Senevirathna, L. A emerging treatment technologies soils. Manage. 2020, 255, 109896, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109896 Scholar2A soilsMahinroosta, Reza; LalanthaJournal Management (2020), 255 (), 109896CODEN: JEVMAW; ISSN:0301-4797. (Elsevier Ltd.) review. Contamination soils poly- perfluoroalkyl become issue adverse effects both public health. strong chem. structures their bonding makes eliminate environments. Traditional successful redn. removal environment. paper provides comprehensive evaluation existing remediating guidance approach use contexts. functions all technologies, suitability, limitations, scale lab. presented baseline understanding research To date, immobilization method significant part soln. soils, although its efficiency still investigation. Soil washing thermal techniques tested at scale, but they expensive energy-intensive large vol. solvent m.p. resp.; initial investment installation. Other oxidn., ball milling, electron beams, progressed addnl. make feasible, cost-effective applicable field. >> SciFinder ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXitlehu7jF&md5=6ada5e90a8dd3ce1e82820711956bfc73Mayakaduwage, Ekanayake, A.; Kurwadkar, Rajapaksha, A. U.; Vithanage, prospects per-and substances: 2022, 212, 113311, 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113311 reference.4Liang, Li, C.; Chen, H.; Sørmo, Cornelissen, Gao, Y.; Reguyal, F.; Sarmah, Ippolito, J.; Kammann, C. critical PFAS-contaminated water. Sci. Total 2024, 951, 174962– 174962, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174962 reference.5Gredelj, Polesel, Trapp, S. Model-based analysis acids (PFAAs) plants. Chemosphere 244, 125534, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125534 Scholar5Model-based plantsGredelj, Andrea; Fabio; StefanChemosphere 244 125534CODEN: CMSHAF; ISSN:0045-6535. Perfluoroalkyl bioaccumulate particularly PFAAs constantly transported transpiration water aerial parts. Due amphiphilic surfactant nature ionized state pH, predicting partitioning behavior difficult subject considerable uncertainty, making exptl. data highly desirable. Here, we model combines advective flux measured partition coeffs. reproduce set empirically derived soil-partitioning nine red chicory, mechanistic provide new insights complex processes. introduced parameter retarded (R) explain transfer PFAA across biomembranes root epidermis, led low stream concn. (TSCFs) literature so far. estd. R values chicory used modified simulate crops. Results show semi-empirical predicted transport shoots fruits good accuracy based (RCFdw) (Kd) plant-specific growth transpiration. concluded combination rather Kd RCFdw absence relevant loss reason obsd. excellent PFAAs. ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BC1MXisVSksbrI&md5=657613d4b354772609c9d37321b775646Sørmo, Castro, Hubert, M.; Licul-Kucera, Quintanilla, Asimakopoulos, Arp, P. decomposition emission wide range diverse, fractions undergoing Hazard. Mater. 2023, 454, 131447, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131447 reference.7Morales, Peters, Cherubini, F. Eco-toxicological change treatments: Pathways towards zero pollution negative 470, 134242, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134242 reference.8Sørmo, Lade, B. Zhang, Åsli, G. W.; Goranov, I.; Stabilization sewage sludge-and wood-based sorbents. 922, 170971, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170971 reference.9Schmidt, P.; Anca-Couce, Hagemann, N.; Werner, Gerten, Lucht, Pyrogenic capture storage. GCB Bioenergy 2019, 11 (4), 573– 591, 10.1111/gcbb.12553 reference.10Liu, Wu, Lyu, Efficient adsorptive reed straw-derived (RESCA). 798, 149191, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149191 Scholar10Efficient (RESCA)Liu, Na; Chen; Guifen; MengyanScience Environment (2021), 798 149191CODEN: STENDL; ISSN:0048-9697. B.V.) Drinking groundwater heavily relies adsorption-based materials, granular activated (GAC). Application GAC restricted inefficiency remove prevalently emerged substitutes metabolites (PFAS). synthesized (RESCA) exhibiting exceptional efficiencies (>92%) environment-relevant concns. (e.g., 1μg/L). Pseudo-second-order kinetic consts. RESCA 1.13 1.23 L/(mg h) perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) perfluorobutanesulfonic (PFBS), resp., six greater GAC. SEM imaging BET anal. revealed hydrophobic surface scattered mesopores (2-10 diam.) was assocd. rapid adsorption RESCA-packed filters mixt. three influent flow rate 45 mL/min. contrast, GAC-packed significantly efficient PFAAs, also neg. affected rate. Efficacy validated four PFAA-spiked samples sites. Dissolved org. (DOC) >8 mg/L affect RESCA. Feasibility scaling system investigated breakthrough simulation. Overall, represents green adsorbent feasible scalable spectrum chain lengths functional moieties. ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3MXhs1yqsbzL&md5=f6bfad91650a39d7d37ebdf7aea9c3be11Rathnayake, Schmidt, Leifeld, Mayer, Epper, Bucheli, T. N. manure: assessment technical feasibility, economic viability, ecological impact. 15 (9), 1078– 1104, 10.1111/gcbb.13082 reference.12Schmidt, H.-P.; Draper, K.; feeding. PeerJ 7, e7373 10.7717/peerj.7373 reference.13Lesmeister, L.; Lange, T.; Breuer, Biegel-Engler, Giese, Scheurer, Extending knowledge about plants–A 766, 142640, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142640 Scholar13Extending plants reviewLesmeister, Lukas; Frank Thomas; Joern; Annegret; Evelyn; MarcoScience 766 142640CODEN: main source (PFASs) residues soil. Bioaccumulation an important tool derive recommendations cultivation handling prior consumption. compiles >4500 soil-to-plant BAFs PFASs 24 studies involving 27 genera Grasses (Poaceae) provided most highest no. perfluorooctanoic perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Influencing like compd.-specific properties (hydrophobicity, length, group, etc.), species, compartments, boundary critically discussed. Throughout literature, higher vegetative compartments reproductive storage organs. Decreasing perfluorinated clearly apparent aboveground parts (up 1.16 grains) always roots (partly down zero). Combining single carboxylic (C4-C14) (C4-C10), median log decreased -0.25(±0.029) -0.24(±0.013) fluorinated carbon, resp. For first time, ultra-short-chain (≤ C3) reviewed showed ubiquitous occurrence trifluoroacetic independent presence Based identified gaps, suggested focus precursors ≤C3, GenX ethers future research. Studies regarding sugar cane, accounts one fifth global prodn., completely lacking recommended. Furthermore, aq. leachates extn. base calcns. ®https://chemport.cas.org/services/resolver?origin=ACS&resolution=options&coi=1%3ACAS%3A528%3ADC%252BB3cXitFSmsrbM&md5=b3649aaabb2470c0d8db2f92dfb3f41c14Hilber, Arrigo, Zuber, Desorption resistance polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biochars incubated cow ruminal liquid vitro vivo. Technol. 53 13695– 13703, 10.1021/acs.est.9b04340 reference.15Lastel, M.-L.; Fournier, Jurjanz, Thomé, J.-P.; Joaquim-Justo, Archimède, Mahieu, Feidt, Rychen, Comparison chlordecone NDL-PCB decontamination dynamics growing male kids cessation oral exposure: Is there decrease pollutants supplementation paraffin oil?. 2018, 193, 100– 107, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.120 reference.16Werner, Biogeochemical systems limiting warming 1.5 Lett. 13 044036, 10.1088/1748-9326/aabb0e reference.17Obia, Mulder, Martinsen, Borresen, aggregation, retention porosity light-textured tropical Tillage 2016, 155, 35– 44, 10.1016/j.still.2015.08.002 reference.Cited By Click copied!This yet cited publications.Download PDFFiguresReferences Get e-AlertsGet e-AlertsJournal copied!https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c00651Published 2025© Article Views-Altmetric-Citations-Learn metrics closeArticle Views COUNTER-compliant sum text downloads since November 2008 (both PDF HTML) institutions individuals. These regularly updated reflect usage leading days.Citations number articles citing article, calculated Crossref daily. Find information counts.The Altmetric Attention Score quantitative measure attention received online. Clicking donut icon load page altmetric.com additional details score social media article. how calculated.Recommended Articles FiguresReferencesAbstractHigh SlideFigure SlideReferences There 2A 5Model-based 10Efficient 13Extending reference.

Язык: Английский

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Lignocellulose-Based Biosorbents for the Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) from Water: A Review

Water, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(10), С. 1853 - 1853

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are chemicals or materials that not under current regulation but there increasing concerns about their possible occurrence in the environment because potential threat to human and environmental health, with wastewater perceived as primary source. Although various techniques for removal from water have been studied, it should be emphasized choice also consider use resources energy within processes, which must minimized avoid additional carbon footprints impact. In this context, biomass-based sorbents might represent a cost-effective environmentally friendly approach CECs they based on preferably local renewable lower negative impacts global cycle through greenhouse gas emissions than conventional nonrenewable ones. This paper provides an overview studies dealing application such so-called biosorbents discusses different forms: after minimal pretreatment original lignocellulosic biomass; extracted biomass and/or modified; biochar-based obtained thermochemical conversion biomass. It explains modifications efficiency selected compounds belong classes pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides compares adsorption capacities, kinetic models, mechanisms reported relevant literature. Biochar-based sorption has studied more often if compared other considered biosorbents. some cases, efficiencies contaminants greater 90% were achieved, nonetheless wide range indicates successful simultaneous multicompound removal, combination processes seems appropriate stand-alone Finally, review reasons behind limited commercial directions further research, particular spent perspective circular systems.

Язык: Английский

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Occurrence, bioaccumulation and trophic dynamics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in two tropical freshwater lakes

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 346, С. 123575 - 123575

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

We have investigated the occurrence, distribution, and biomagnification of per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in two tropical lakes (Asejire Eleyele) Southwestern Nigeria, with contrasting urban intensities. Over an 8-month period, we sampled sediment fish species (Clarias gariepinus: CIG; Oreochromis niloticus: ON; Coptodon guineensis: CG; Sarotherodon melanotheron: SM) across trophic levels, analyzed various PFAS congeners, addition to a select group toxicological responses. While herbivores (SM) benthic omnivores (CIG) at Asejire exhibited elevated levels PFBS PFOS, pelagic (ON) showed dominance PFDA, PFHxDA EtFOSE muscle. At Eleyele lake, patterns was dominated by PFBS, EtFOSE, PFPeS, PFOcDA PFOS (SM, CG), omnivore (ClG). The estimated factor (BMF) analysis for both indicated level increase PFUnA PFDA suburban while biomagnified lake. detected occurrence diSAMPAP 9CL-PF3ONS, novel compounds not commonly reported, studies lakes. studied responses varied groups probable modulations environmental conditions, structure, relative exposures present study documents, first time or any other African country, role urbanization on contaminant load into environment their implications dynamics within ecosystem aquatic food safety.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological risk of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in the phytoremediation process: a case study for ecologically keystone species across two generations

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 951, С. 174962 - 174962

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Stabilization of PFAS-contaminated soil with sewage sludge- and wood-based biochar sorbents

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 922, С. 170971 - 170971

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

Sustainable and effective remediation technologies for the treatment of soil contaminated with per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are greatly needed. This study investigated effects waste-based biochars on leaching PFAS from a sandy low total organic carbon content (TOC) 0.57 ± 0.04 % impacted by aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) dispersed at former fire-fighting facility. Six different (pyrolyzed 700–900 °C) were tested, made clean wood chips (CWC), waste timber (WT), activated (aWT), two digested sewage sludges (DSS-1 DSS-2) de-watered raw sludge (DWSS). Up-flow column percolation tests (15 days 16 pore volume replacements) 1 biochar indicated that dominant congener in soil, perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) was retained best aWT 99.9 reduction leachate concentration, followed sludge-based DWSS (98.9 %) DSS-2 DSS-1 (97.8 91.6 %, respectively). The non-activated wood-based (CWC WT) other hand, reduced <43 %. Extrapolating this to field conditions, 90 PFOS would occur after 15 y unamended 1200 12,000 y, respectively, amended DWSS-amended biochar. high effectiveness three reducing attributed largely porosity size range (>1.5 nm) can accommodate large molecules (>1.02–2.20 combined affinity matrix. Other factors like anionic exchange capacity could play contributing role. Sorbent better long-chain than short-chain PFAS, due weaker, apolar interactions between latter's shorter hydrophobic CF2-tails. findings first demonstrate locally sourced wood-waste be suitable sorbents ex situ stabilization PFAS-contaminated bringing technology one step closer full-scale testing.

Язык: Английский

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Current understanding on the transformation and fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances before, during, and after thermal treatment of biosolids

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 493, С. 152537 - 152537

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Biosolids (stabilised sewage sludge) are the final solid residues of wastewater treatment process and generally applied on agricultural land in many countries, including Australia. Per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) a group synthetic fluorinated chemicals with ubiquitous applications consumer products persist environment. Globally, PFAS have been detected biosolids considered source discharge to The thermal is gaining increasing interest water sector. Therefore, viability techniques for safe destruction has received substantial research attention last few years. Recent studies suggest that can be removed potentially destroyed during combustive (such as incineration) non-combustive treatment, such pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonisation/liquefaction. However, there limited understanding fate transformation degradation across overall from feed pre-treatment gas cleaning (post-thermal treatment) stage. This review consolidates current knowledge transformation, destruction, before, during, after biosolids, covering lab, pilot scale, industrial studies. It suggested mechanisms may differ established pathways pure salts, given complex organic inorganic matrix typically low concentrations. Among all techniques, pyrolysis extensive investigations at different scales operation. temperatures residence time need sufficiently optimised designing realistic large-scale systems relevant biosolids' compositional peculiarities destruction.

Язык: Английский

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Slow-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge: biochar characteristics and advanced thermodynamics

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Sustainable manufacture and application of biochar to improve soil properties and remediate soil contaminated with organic impurities: a systematic review

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2023

Biochar production and application have become increasingly popular in the past 15 years. Biochar, derived from diverse biomass types, offers a rich carbon source created through thermal combustion. primarily depends on pyrolysis conditions feedstock type. This review focuses multifaceted aspects of biochar, encompassing hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, temperatures biochar its role bioeconomy soil remediation. has yielded valuable insights, notably decreasing nutrient leaching, curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reducing bioavailability environmental pollutants, sequestering (C) soils, enhancing agricultural productivity. Consequently, it emerged as commodity for bioeconomy, which involves harnessing bioresources bioengineering to create economically products. As marketable output, finds energy, biochar-based product manufacturing, sector. Thus, not only enhances quality but also unlocks additional revenue streams. underscores critical selection optimizing production. Furthermore, highlights sustainable effective tool improving various types remediating contamination caused by organic impurities, including persistent compounds antibiotics.

Язык: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in final treated solids (Biosolids) from 190 Michigan wastewater treatment plants

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 463, С. 132734 - 132734

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) removal from soil washing water by coagulation and flocculation

Water Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 249, С. 120888 - 120888

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2023

Soil washing is currently attracting attention as a promising remediation strategy for land contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). In the soil process, contaminant transferred from into liquid phase, producing PFAS process water. One way to treat such water use coagulation flocculation; however, few studies are available on performance of flocculation removing This study evaluated 6 coagulants flocculants (polyaluminium chloride (PACl), zirconium oxychloride octahydrate, cationic anionic polyacrylamide, Polyclay 685 Perfluor Ad®), treatment proxy water, spiked concentrations found at typical Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) sites. removal efficiencies (at constant pH) varied greatly depending flocculants, well dosage used targeted PFAS. All tested reduced turbidity by >95%, dosage. Ad®, specially designed coagulant, showed highest efficiency all longer chain (>99%) shorter (>68%). The polyacrylamide polymer removed up an average 80%, whereas was lower (<30%). two metal-based tested, PACl zirconium, 61% 48%. 685, mixture powdered activated carbon (PAC) aluminium sulphate, 90% 76%, when very high dosages coagulant were (2,000 mg/L). correlated length headgroup. Shorter dependent electrostatic interaction precipitating flocs, PFAS, hydrophobic interactions between apolar functional groups flocs created coagulant/flocculant, dissolved organic matter suspended solids played major role. results this that selecting most efficient aqueous conditions, greater amount can be waters in facilities, thus included part various trains.

Язык: Английский

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