Environmental Science Processes & Impacts,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
In
recent
decades,
several
cell-based
and
acellular
methods
have
been
developed
to
evaluate
ambient
particulate
matter
(PM)
toxicity.
Although
provide
a
more
comprehensive
assessment
of
PM
toxicity,
their
results
are
difficult
comprehend
due
the
diversity
in
cellular
endpoints,
cell
types,
assays
interference
chemical
components
with
some
assays'
techniques.
this
review,
we
attempt
clarify
these
issues.
We
first
discuss
morphological
immunological
differences
among
various
macrophage
epithelial
cells,
belonging
respiratory
systems
human
murine
species,
used
Abstract
To
reduce
the
high
burden
of
disease
caused
by
air
pollution,
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
released
new
Air
Quality
Guidelines
(AQG)
on
September
22,
2021.
In
this
study,
daily
fine
particulate
matter
(PM
2.5
)
and
surface
ozone
(O
3
data
618
cities
around
world
is
collected
from
2019
to
2022.
Based
AQG,
number
attainment
days
for
average
concentrations
PM
(≤
15
µg
m
−3
O
100
approximately
10%
90%,
respectively.
China
India
exhibit
a
decreasing
trend
in
highly
polluted
(>
75
PM.
Every
year
over
68%
27%
are
exposed
harmful
35
Combined
with
United
Nations
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(SDGs),
it
found
that
more
than
35%
world's
face
‐O
compound
pollution.
Furthermore,
exposure
risks
these
(China,
India,
etc.)
mainly
categorized
as
“High
Risk”,
“Risk”,
“Stabilization”.
contrast,
economically
developed
Safety”,
“Safety”,
“Deep
Stabilization.”
These
findings
indicate
global
implementation
WHO's
AQG
will
minimize
inequitable
risk
Abstract
Background
Chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
presents
a
growing
global
health
challenge,
with
significant
variability
in
burden
across
different
regions
and
countries.
This
study
aimed
to
analyze
the
trends
incidence,
prevalence,
mortality,
disability-adjusted
life
years
(DALYs)
for
CKD
from
1990
2019,
utilizing
data
Global
Burden
of
Disease
Study.
Methods
We
conducted
an
in-depth
on
age-standardized
DALYs
CKD,
assessed
over
30-year
period.
Additionally,
we
explored
associations
between
healthcare
access
quality
(HAQ),
Socio-Demographic
Index
(SDI),
CKD.
Furthermore,
detailed
analysis
six
risk
factors
closely
related
based
these
findings,
provided
strong
evidence
enhancing
management
Results
In
there
were
18,986,903
cases
average
annual
percent
change
(AAPC)
1.82
(95%
CI
=
1.8
1.82)
incidence
since
1990.
The
rate
increased
192.45
per
100,000
233.65
2019.
Prevalence
also
rose,
total
69,729,430
2019
AAPC
1.19
1.2).
Mortality
have
correspondingly,
mortality
reaching
18.29
at
41,538,592
showed
that
higher
HAQ
levels
are
associated
better
outcomes
terms
lower
DALY
rates,
whereas
correlate
poorer
outcomes.
addition,
high
fasting
plasma
glucose
systolic
blood
pressure
main
contributors
CKD-related
deaths,
their
population
attributable
fraction
(PAF)
significantly
decreasing
as
SDI
decreases.
Conclusion
has
past
three
decades,
influenced
by
demographic
changes
variations
access.
Effective
public
strategies
improvements
delivery
needed
address
disparities
globally.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Backgrounds
Frailty
is
a
significant
problem
for
older
persons
since
it
linked
to
number
of
unfavorable
consequences.
According
observational
researches,
air
pollution
may
raise
the
risk
frailty.
We
investigated
causal
association
between
frailty
and
(including
PM
2.5
,
2.5–10
10
nitrogen
dioxide,
oxides)
using
Mendelian
randomization
approach.
Methods
conducted
MR
analysis
extensive
publically
accessible
GWAS
(genome-wide
studies)
summary
data.
The
inverse
variance
weighted
(IVW)
method
was
employed
as
primary
method.
median
model,
MR-Egger,
simple
model
approaches
were
chosen
quality
control.
Cochran’s
Q
test
utilized
evaluate
heterogeneity.
Pleiotropy
found
MR-Egger
regression
test.
MR-PRESSO
used
recognize
outliers.
leave-one-out
strategy
conduct
sensitivity
analysis.
Results
results
suggested
that
statistically
significantly
associated
with
[odds
ratio
(OR)
=
1.33;
95%confidence
interval
(CI)
1.12–1.58,
p
0.001]
in
IVW
observed
no
statistical
(OR
1.00,
95%
CI
0.79–1.28,
0.979),
0.91,
0.75–1.11,
0.364),
dioxide
0.98,
0.85–1.12,
0.730),
oxides
1.15,
0.98–1.36,
0.086)
There
pleiotropy
results.
based
on
showed
individual
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
did
not
affect
robustness
Conclusion
current
investigation
shows
Frailty’s
detrimental
progression
be
slowed
down
help
prevention
BMJ Global Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(3), С. e017409 - e017409
Опубликована: Март 1, 2025
Quantifying
the
disease
burden
among
children
that
could
potentially
be
reduced
through
improvements
in
individual
economic
status
and
regional
equality
can
greatly
benefit
policy
making
resource
allocation.
However,
such
quantification
has
rarely
been
done.
This
study
aimed
to
assess
inequality-related
of
acute
respiratory
infection
(ARI)
(the
leading
cause
child
mortality
low-
middle-income
countries
(LMICs))
under
five
children.
integrated
Demographic
Health
Survey
data
from
53
linked
records
a
novel
proxy
development
status,
satellite
night-time
light
(NTL).
We
assessed
number
affected
by
ARI
attributable
within-country
disparities
(eg,
NTL
