Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187, С. 108677 - 108677

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Язык: Английский

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Toxicity of substituted p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their derived novel quinones on aquatic bacterium: Acute effects and mechanistic insights

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 469, С. 133900 - 133900

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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6PPD-quinone degradation by unactivated peroxymonosulfate via direct oxidation and enhanced generation of 1O2

Chemical Engineering Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 159307 - 159307

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Degradation and detoxification of 6PPD-quinone in water by ultraviolet-activated peroxymonosulfate: Mechanisms, byproducts, and impact on sediment microbial community

Water Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 263, С. 122210 - 122210

Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Fragmentation Pattern-Based Screening Strategy Combining Diagnostic Ion and Neutral Loss Uncovered Novel para-Phenylenediamine Quinone Contaminants in the Environment

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(13), С. 5921 - 5931

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Identifying transformed emerging contaminants in complex environmental compartments is a challenging but meaningful task. Substituted para-phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-quinones) are originating from rubber antioxidants and have been proven to be toxic the aquatic species, especially salmonids. The emergence of multiple PPD-quinones various matrices evidence their specific hazards underscore need understand occurrences. Here, we introduce fragmentation pattern-based nontargeted screening strategy combining full MS/All ion fragmentation/neutral loss-ddMS2 scans identify potential unknown different matrices. Using diagnostic fragments m/z 170.0600, 139.0502, characteristic neutral losses 199.0633, 138.0429 Da, six known three novel were recognized air particulates, surface soil, tire tissue. Their structures confirmed, concentration composition profiles clarified with self-synthesized standards. N-(1-methylheptyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine quinone (8PPD-Q) N,N′-di(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (66PD-Q) identified quantified for first time, median concentrations found 0.02–0.21 μg·g–1 tissue, 0.40–2.76 pg·m–3 particles, 0.23–1.02 ng·g–1 soil. This work provides new presence environment, showcasing environment.

Язык: Английский

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Tracking the biogeochemical behavior of tire wear particles in the environment – A review

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 480, С. 136184 - 136184

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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tDDA: A Targeted Data-Dependent Acquisition Mode for Rapid Screening of Targets in Complex Matrices

Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Miniaturized mass spectrometers offer significant potential for in situ analysis due to their high specificity and portability. In traditional data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode, precursor ions tandem are selected based on the full-scan spectrum. However, applications often require direct of complex samples without extensive sample pretreatment, making them susceptible chemical noise that can result false negatives. To address this challenge, we propose a targeted (tDDA) mode substantially improves accurate detection target compounds matrices. Unlike conventional DDA, tDDA method eliminates reliance spectrum, where signals interest obscured by matrix effects. This approach leverages sine amplitude modulation sinusoidal frequency modulated (SAM-SFM) waveforms technology, which enables real-time generation isolated waveforms, allowing achieve parallel, high-speed screening. Additionally, automatic gain control (AGC) technology enhances low-concentration analytes, further reducing false-negative rate. The was successfully integrated validated modified "Brick" miniaturized ion trap spectrometer. Experimental results demonstrated its capability detect low concentrations illicit drugs spiked blood saliva samples, highlighting effective

Язык: Английский

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p-Phenylenediamines and their derived quinones: A review of their environmental fate, human exposure, and biological toxicity

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 488, С. 137373 - 137373

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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A Nationwide Investigation of Substituted p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) and PPD-Quinones in the Riverine Waters of China

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) has been identified as the cause of "urban runoff mortality syndrome." Thus, ecological risks substituted p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) in water have gained global attention. However, large-scale observation pollution characteristics surface is still lacking. Herein, a nationwide investigation revealed pervasive occurrence PPDs PPD-Qs riverine waters across China, with mean concentration ∑5PPD-Qs being 4.9 times higher than parent ∑5PPDs. Notably, 6PPD-Q concentrations at eight sampling sites exceeded median lethal for coho salmon. National annual fluxes were estimated 113.1 276.2 tonnes/year PPD-Qs, respectively, Yangtze River contributing more one-third total fluxes. The transformation to was dependent on atmospheric hydroxylation rates half-lives PPDs. A combined multimedia exposure assessment that accounted 82.5% human surpassing contributions from dust air exposure. This study provides comprehensive spatial picture China. national atlas highlights potential implies targeted actions should be taken mitigate PPD-Qs.

Язык: Английский

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Copper doped carbon dots for selective determination of regulated aniline additives and safe hair dyeing

Analytica Chimica Acta, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 344071 - 344071

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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