Abstract
The
“hotness”
or
“coldness”
of
the
tumors
are
determined
by
information
cancer
cells
themselves,
tumor
immune
characteristics,
microenvironment,
and
signaling
mechanisms,
which
key
factors
affecting
patients’
clinical
efficacy.
switch
mechanism
its
corresponding
pathological
characteristics
treatment
strategies
frontier
hot
spot
treatment.
How
to
distinguish
effectively
clarify
causes,
microenvironment
state,
very
important
for
response
efficacy
treatments.
Starting
from
concept
cold
tumor,
this
review
systematically
summarized
molecular
influencing
factors,
therapeutic
“hot
tumors,”
analyzed
immunophenotypes,
pathways,
markers
that
contribute
tumors”
in
details.
Different
“cold
based
on
were
with
drug
targets
proteins
tumors.”
Furthermore,
combines
different
traditional
medicine
modern
medicine,
provide
a
basis
guidance
decision‐making
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2021
Abstract
Current
immunotherapy
paradigms
aim
to
reinvigorate
CD8
+
T
cells,
but
the
contribution
of
humoral
immunity
antitumor
remains
understudied.
Here,
we
demonstrate
that
in
head
and
neck
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(HNSCC)
caused
by
human
papillomavirus
infection
(HPV
),
patients
have
transcriptional
signatures
germinal
center
(GC)
tumor
infiltrating
B
cells
(TIL-Bs)
spatial
organization
immune
consistent
with
tertiary
lymphoid
structures
(TLS)
GCs,
both
which
correlate
favorable
outcome.
GC
TIL-Bs
HPV
HNSCC
are
characterized
distinct
waves
gene
expression
dark
zone,
light
zone
a
transitional
state
cells.
Semaphorin
4a
is
enhanced
on
present
TLS
during
differentiation
TIL-Bs.
Our
study
suggests
therapeutics
enhance
TIL-B
responses
should
be
prioritized
future
studies
determine
if
they
can
complement
current
mediated
immunotherapies.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12
Опубликована: Март 18, 2021
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
the
most
common
liver
tumor
and
among
deadliest
cancers
worldwide.
Advanced
HCC
overall
survival
meager
has
not
improved
over
last
decade
despite
approval
of
several
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors
(TKi)
for
first
second-line
treatments.
The
recent
immune
checkpoint
(ICI)
revolutionized
palliative
care.
Unfortunately,
majority
patients
fail
to
respond
these
therapies.
Here,
we
elaborate
on
landscapes
normal
cirrhotic
livers
unique
microenvironment.
We
describe
molecular
immunological
classifications
HCC,
discuss
role
specific
cell
subsets
in
this
cancer,
with
a
focus
myeloid
cells
pathways
anti-tumor
immunity,
promotion
evasion.
also
challenges
opportunities
immunotherapies
new
avenues
based
harnessing
activity
myeloid,
NK
γδ
T
cells,
vaccines,
chimeric
antigen
receptors
(CAR)-T
or
-NK
oncolytic
viruses,
combination
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2022
B
cells
have
been
long
studied
for
their
role
and
function
in
the
humoral
immune
system.
Apart
from
generating
antibodies
an
antibody-mediated
memory
response
against
pathogens,
are
also
capable
of
cell-mediated
immunity.
It
has
demonstrated
by
several
groups
that
can
activate
antigen-specific
CD4
CD8
T
cells,
regulatory
cytotoxic
effects.
The
as
professional
antigen
presenting
(APCs)
to
largely
understudied.
This,
however,
requires
attention
recent
reports
importance
within
tumor
microenvironment,
increasingly
being
evaluated
cellular
therapies.
Antigen
presentation
through
be
(B
cell
receptor
(BCR)
dependent)
or
non-specific
(BCR
independent)
mechanisms
modulated
a
variety
intrinsic
external
factors.
This
review
will
discuss
pathways
which
present
antigens,
how
differ
other
APCs.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
218(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 18, 2020
Whereas
T
cells
have
been
considered
the
major
immune
of
tumor
microenvironment
able
to
induce
regression
and
control
cancer
clinical
outcome,
a
burst
recent
publications
pointed
fact
that
B
may
also
play
prominent
role.
Activated
in
germinal
centers
tertiary
lymphoid
structures,
can
directly
present
tumor-associated
antigens
or
produce
antibodies
increase
antigen
presentation
kill
cells,
resulting
beneficial
impact.
Immune
complexes
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
immunosuppression
via
macrophage
complement
activation,
deleterious
