Gut,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
71(5), С. 1020 - 1032
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
The
gut
microbiota
is
now
considered
as
one
of
the
key
elements
contributing
to
regulation
host
health.
Virtually
all
our
body
sites
are
colonised
by
microbes
suggesting
different
types
crosstalk
with
organs.
Because
development
molecular
tools
and
techniques
(ie,
metagenomic,
metabolomic,
lipidomic,
metatranscriptomic),
complex
interactions
occurring
between
microorganisms
progressively
being
deciphered.
Nowadays,
deviations
linked
many
diseases
including
obesity,
type
2
diabetes,
hepatic
steatosis,
intestinal
bowel
(IBDs)
several
cancer.
Thus,
that
various
pathways
involved
in
immunity,
energy,
lipid
glucose
metabolism
affected.
In
this
review,
specific
attention
given
provide
a
critical
evaluation
current
understanding
field.
Numerous
mechanisms
explaining
how
bacteria
might
be
causally
protection
or
onset
discussed.
We
examine
well-established
metabolites
short-chain
fatty
acids,
bile
trimethylamine
N-oxide)
extend
more
recently
identified
actors
endocannabinoids,
bioactive
lipids,
phenolic-derived
compounds,
advanced
glycation
end
products
enterosynes)
their
receptors
such
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptor
alpha
(PPARα)
gamma
(PPARγ),
aryl
hydrocarbon
(AhR),
G
protein-coupled
GPR41,
GPR43,
GPR119,
Takeda
5).
Altogether,
complexity
aspects
linking
health
will
help
set
basis
for
novel
therapies
already
developed.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
8(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023
Gut-liver-brain
axis
is
a
three-way
highway
of
information
interaction
system
among
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
liver,
and
nervous
systems.
In
past
few
decades,
breakthrough
progress
has
been
made
in
gut
liver
brain
axis,
mainly
through
understanding
its
formation
mechanism
increasing
treatment
strategies.
this
review,
we
discuss
various
complex
networks
including
barrier
permeability,
hormones,
microbial
metabolites,
vagus
nerve,
neurotransmitters,
immunity,
toxic
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
metabolism,
epigenetic
regulation
gut-liver-brain
axis.
Some
therapies
containing
antibiotics,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT),
polyphenols,
low
FODMAP
diet
nanotechnology
application
regulate
Besides,
some
special
treatments
targeting
gut-liver
include
farnesoid
X
receptor
(FXR)
agonists,
takeda
G
protein-coupled
5
(TGR5)
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
antagonists
fibroblast
growth
factor
19
(FGF19)
analogs.
Targeting
gut-brain
embraces
cognitive
behavioral
therapy
(CBT),
antidepressants
tryptophan
metabolism-related
therapies.
liver-brain
contains
Aβ
future,
better
interactions
will
promote
development
novel
preventative
strategies
discovery
precise
therapeutic
targets
multiple
diseases.
Dietary
proteins
derived
from
animal
sources,
although
containing
well-balanced
profiles
of
essential
amino
acids,
have
considerable
environmental
and
adverse
health
effects
associated
with
the
intake
some
protein-based
products.
Consuming
foods
based
on
carries
a
higher
risk
developing
non-communicable
diseases
such
as
cancer,
heart
disease,
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
inflammatory
bowel
(IBD).
Moreover,
dietary
protein
consumption
is
increasing
due
to
population
growth,
posing
supply
challenge.
There
is,
therefore,
growing
interest
in
discovering
novel
alternative
sources.
In
this
context,
microalgae
been
recognized
strategic
crops
that
can
provide
sustainable
source
protein.
Compared
conventional
high-protein
crops,
using
microalgal
biomass
for
production
presents
several
advantages
food
feed
terms
productivity,
sustainability,
nutritional
value.
positively
impact
environment
by
not
exploiting
land
or
causing
water
pollution.
Many
studies
revealed
potential
an
added
value
positive
human
their
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
anti-cancer
properties.
The
main
emphasis
review
health-promoting
applications
microalgae-based
proteins,
peptides,
bioactive
substances
IBD
NAFLD.
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
79(1), С. 79 - 92
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023
•In
a
first-in-man,
randomized-controlled
trial
of
DIALIVE
vs.
standard
care,
the
primary
endpoint
safety
was
met.•DIALIVE
achieved
acceptable
performance
characteristics
for
albumin
exchange
and
reduction
in
endotoxin.•DIALIVE
significantly
reduced
time
to
resolution
ACLF
improved
prognostic
scores
compared
with
care.•DIALIVE
had
greater
impact
on
pathophysiologically
relevant
biomarkers
associated
ACLF.
Background
&
AimsAcute-on-chronic
liver
failure
(ACLF)
is
characterized
by
severe
systemic
inflammation,
multi-organ
high
mortality
rates.
Its
treatment
an
urgent
unmet
need.
novel
dialysis
device
that
aims
dysfunctional
remove
damage-
pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns.
This
first-in-man
performed
aim
assessing
patients
ACLF,
secondary
evaluating
its
clinical
effects,
effect
biomarkers.MethodsThirty-two
alcohol-related
were
included.
Patients
treated
up
5
days
end
points
assessed
at
Day
10.
Safety
all
(n
=
32).
The
pre-specified
subgroup
least
three
sessions
30).ResultsThere
no
significant
differences
28-day
or
occurrence
serious
adverse
events
between
groups.
Significant
severity
endotoxemia
improvement
function
observed
group,
which
translated
into
CLIF-C
(Chronic
Liver
Failure
consortium)
organ
(p
0.018)
0.042)
Time
faster
group
0.036).
Biomarkers
inflammation
such
as
IL-8
0.006),
cell
death
[cytokeratin-18:
M30
0.005)
M65
0.029)],
endothelial
[asymmetric
dimethylarginine
0.002)]
and,
ligands
Toll-like
receptor
4
0.030)
inflammasome
0.002)
group.ConclusionsThese
data
indicate
appears
be
safe
impacts
positively
Larger,
adequately
powered
studies
are
warranted
further
confirm
efficacy.Impact
implicationsThis
tested
DIALIVE,
cirrhosis
acute-on-chronic
failure,
condition
failures
risk
death.
study
met
endpoint,
confirming
system.
Additionally,
parameters.
However,
it
did
not
reduce
this
small
larger
trials
required
re-confirm
evaluate
efficacy.Clinical
numberNCT03065699.
Acute-on-chronic
biomarkers.
Thirty-two
30).
There
group.
These
efficacy.
Journal of Hepatology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
81(2), С. 345 - 359
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
The
rising
prevalence
of
liver
diseases
related
to
obesity
and
excessive
use
alcohol
is
fuelling
an
increasing
demand
for
accurate
biomarkers
aimed
at
community
screening,
diagnosis
steatohepatitis
significant
fibrosis,
monitoring,
prognostication
prediction
treatment
efficacy.
Breakthroughs
in
omics
methodologies
the
power
bioinformatics
have
created
excellent
opportunity
apply
technological
advances
clinical
needs,
instance
development
precision
personalised
medicine.
Via
technologies,
biological
processes
from
genes
circulating
protein,
as
well
microbiome
-
including
bacteria,
viruses
fungi,
can
be
investigated
on
axis.
However,
there
are
important
barriers
omics-based
biomarker
discovery
validation,
semi-quantitative
measurements
untargeted
platforms,
which
may
exhibit
high
analytical,
inter-
intra-individual
variance.
Standardising
methods
need
validate
them
across
diverse
populations
presents
a
challenge,
partly
due
disease
complexity
dynamic
nature
expression
different
stages.
Lack
validity
causes
lost
opportunities
when
studies
fail
provide
knowledge
needed
regulatory
approvals,
all
contributes
delayed
translation
these
discoveries
into
practice.
While
no
matured
implementation,
extent
data
generated
has
enabled
hypothesis-free
plethora
candidate
that
warrant
further
validation.
To
explore
many
hepatologists
detailed
commonalities
differences
between
various
layers,
both
advantages
approaches.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 19, 2022
Abstract
Alcohol
use
disorder
is
a
major
cause
of
morbidity,
which
requires
newer
treatment
approaches.
We
previously
showed
in
randomized
clinical
trial
that
alcohol
craving
and
consumption
reduces
after
fecal
transplantation.
Here,
to
determine
if
this
could
be
transmitted
through
microbial
transfer,
germ-free
male
C57BL/6
mice
received
stool
or
sterile
supernatants
collected
from
the
participants
pre-/post-fecal
transplant.
found
colonized
with
post-fecal
transplant
but
not
reduced
ethanol
acceptance,
intake
preference
versus
pre-fecal
mice.
Microbial
taxa
were
higher
humans
also
associated
lower
murine
preference.
A
majority
differentially
expressed
genes
(immune
response,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress
epithelial
cell
proliferation)
occurred
intestine
rather
than
liver
prefrontal
cortex.
These
findings
suggest
potential
for
therapeutically
targeting
gut
microbiota
microbial-intestinal
interface
alter
gut-liver-brain
axis
reduce
humans.
