PFAS: forever chemicals—persistent, bioaccumulative and mobile. Reviewing the status and the need for their phase out and remediation of contaminated sites

Environmental Sciences Europe, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(1)

Опубликована: Март 23, 2023

Abstract Background Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have received increasing scientific political attention in recent years. Several thousand commercially produced compounds are used numerous products technical processes. Due to their extreme persistence the environment, humans all other life forms are, therefore, increasingly exposed these substances. In following review, PFAS will be examined comprehensively. Results The best studied carboxylic sulfonic acids with chain lengths of C4 C14, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane (PFOS). These harmful aquatic fauna, insects, amphibians at concentrations a few µg/L or less, accumulate organisms, biomagnify food webs. Humans, as final link chains, subjected uptake primarily through drinking water. multiple toxic effects, affecting liver, kidney, thyroid, immune system. latter effect is basis for establishment tolerable weekly dose only 4.4 ng/kg body weight sum four representatives PFOA, PFOS, perfluorononanoic (PFNA) perfluorohexane (PFHxS) by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 2020. Exposure estimates human biomonitoring show that this value frequently reached, many cases exceeded. major challenge analysis, especially waste: single-substance analyses capture fragment large, diverse family PFAS. As consequence, parameters gained importance. high mobility per makes soil groundwater pollution contaminated sites problem. general, short-chain more mobile than long-chain ones. Processes purification water treatment often ineffective expensive. Recycling PFAS-containing such paper packaging leads carryover contaminants. Incineration requires temperatures completely destroy After PFOS perfluorinated were regulated internationally, manufacturers users switched PFAS: representatives, per- oxo acids, telomeric alcohols acids. Analytical studies an increase environmental chemicals. Ultra-short (chain length C1–C3) not been well studied. Among others, trifluoroacetic (TFA) present globally rapidly concentrations. Conclusions substitution individual recognized hazardous possibly equally virtually unknown chronic toxicity can, solution. answer switch fluorine-free alternatives applications which essential.

Язык: Английский

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The exposome and liver disease - how environmental factors affect liver health

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 79(2), С. 492 - 505

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Since the initial development of exposome concept, much effort has been devoted to characterisation through analytical, epidemiological, and toxicological/mechanistic studies. There is now an urgent need link human diseases include exposomics in environment-linked pathologies together with genomics other omics. Liver are particularly well suited for such studies since major functions liver detection, detoxification, elimination xenobiotics, as inflammatory responses. It known that several associated i) addictive behaviours alcohol consumption, smoking, a certain extent dietary imbalance obesity, ii) viral parasitic infections, iii) exposure toxins occupational chemicals. Recent indicate environmental exposures also significantly diseases, these air pollution (particulate matter volatile chemicals), contaminants polyaromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenol A per-and poly-fluorinated substances, physical stressors radiation. Furthermore, microbial metabolites "gut-liver" axis play role diseases. Exposomics poised field pathology. Methodological advances exposomics-metabolomics framework, determination risk factors' genomic epigenomic signatures, cross-species biological pathway analysis should further delineate impact on liver, opening way improved prevention, identification new biomarkers effects, additional therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

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PPARα/ACOX1 as a novel target for hepatic lipid metabolism disorders induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: An integrated approach

Environment International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 178, С. 108138 - 108138

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent ubiquitous environmental contaminants with well-documented hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanistic linkage between PFAS exposure non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains largely elusive.This study aimed to explore PFAS-to-NAFLD link relevant molecular mechanisms.The cross-sectional analyses using National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data were conducted investigate association NAFLD. A combination of in silico toxicological analyses, bioinformatics approaches, animal experiments, vitro assays was used initiating events (MIEs) key (KEs) PFAS-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorders.The NHANES revealed significant steatosis/NAFLD. The showed that PPARα activation induced by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) perfluorooctane sulfonic (PFOS), prototypical representatives PFAS, is critical MIE associated NAFLD-predominant diseases. Transcriptome-based bioinformatic annotation identified transcriptional upregulation acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) PPARα-regulated peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway KE involved PFOA/PFOS-perturbed metabolic pathways humans, mice rats. vivo further verified ACOX1-mediated oxidative stress contributed mitochondrial compromise accumulation PFOA/PFOS-exposed mouse hepatocytes, which could be mitigated co-treatment ACOX1 inhibitor mitochondria ROS scavenger. Additionally, we observed besides PFOA PFOS, exhibited good-fit response short-term exposures long-chain (C7-C10) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFHpA, PFNA, PFDA) (PFHpS, PFDS) human hepatocyte spheroids through benchmark dose (BMD) modeling.Our unveils a novel target for disorders, shedding new light on prediction, assessment, mitigation

Язык: Английский

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Sources, occurrence and toxic effects of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)

Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 97, С. 107174 - 107174

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Changing epidemiology of colorectal cancer — birth cohort effects and emerging risk factors

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1), С. 25 - 34

Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure with fatty liver disease risk in US adults

JHEP Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(5), С. 100694 - 100694

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread pollutants with demonstrated hepatotoxicity. Few studies have examined the association between PFAS fatty liver disease (FLD) risk in an adult population.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic Signatures of Youth Exposure to Mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: A Multi-Cohort Study

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 131(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023

Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is ubiquitous has been associated with an increased risk of several cardiometabolic diseases. However, the metabolic pathways linking PFAS exposure human disease are unclear.

Язык: Английский

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Inequities in primary liver cancer in Europe: The state of play

Journal of Hepatology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 80(4), С. 645 - 660

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Associations between per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and county-level cancer incidence between 2016 and 2021 and incident cancer burden attributable to PFAS in drinking water in the United States

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

Abstract Background Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked with various cancers. Assessment of PFAS in drinking water cancers can help inform biomonitoring prevention efforts. Objective To screen for incident cancer (2016–2021) assess associations contamination the US. Methods We obtained county-level age-adjusted incidence from Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) Program. Data on levels public systems were Third (UCMR3; 2013–2015) Fifth (UCMR5; 2023–2024) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. UCMR3 measured PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, PFHpA, PFBS. UCMR5 expanded measurements include PFBA, PFHxA, PFPeA, PFPeS. created indicators detection and, UCMR5, concentrations above Maximum Levels (MCLs). MCLs PFOA PFOS are 4 ng/L, PFNA PFHxS 10 ng/L. used Poisson regression models between or MCL violation incidence, adjusting potential confounders. estimated number attributable cases. was associated increased digestive, endocrine, oral cavity/pharynx, respiratory systems. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) ranged 1.02 1.33. The strongest association observed PFBS cavity/pharynx (IRR: 1.33 [1.04, 1.71]). Among males, urinary, brain, leukemia, soft tissues. females, thyroid, tissue. is contribute 4626 [95% CI: 1,377, 8046] cases per year based data 6864 991, 12,804] UCMR5. Impact statement ecological study examined two waves (2013–2015 2016 2021. found that organ system including lung, digestive system, urinary tissue, thyroid. Some have not widely studied their PFAS. also sex differences risks. This first exposure

Язык: Английский

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Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Exposure and Risk of Kidney, Liver, and Testicular Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

˜La œMedicina del lavoro, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 114(5), С. e2023040 - e2023040

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large, complex group of synthetic chemicals humans can be exposed to from occupational or environmental sources. In this systematic review meta-analysis, we examined the association between PFAS exposure, particularly Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Perfluorooctane Sulfonic (PFOS), risk kidney, liver, testicular cancer. We systematically searched PubMed identify cohort case-control studies reported after Monograph International Agency for Research on Cancer Toxicological Profile Toxic Substances Disease Registry. assessed quality by using modified version Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Forest relative (RR) plots were constructed conducted stratified analyses geographic region, study design, score, outcome, years publication, exposure source, type. A random-effects model was used address heterogeneity studies. Fifteen studies, including ten three nested in cohort, two included removing duplicate irrelevant reports. found an overall kidney cancers (RR=1.18, 95% CI =1.05-1.32; I =52.8%, 11 studies). Also, showed high-level cancer (RR=1.74, =1.23-2.47; p=0.005) (RR=2.22, =1.12-4.39; p=0.057). There no with liver geographical type, year source. Only results among women. detected high doses However, bias confounding cannot excluded, precluding conclusion terms causality.

Язык: Английский

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