Early, robust mucosal secretory IgA but not IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike in oral fluid is associated with faster viral clearance and COVID-19 symptom resolution.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2024

Abstract Background Efforts are underway to support the development of novel mucosal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. However, there is limited consensus about complementary role immunity in progression and how evaluate immunogenicity This study investigated oral antibody responses viral clearance COVID-19 symptom duration. Methods Participants with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provided fluid for testing SARS-CoV-2 multiplex assays, nasal swabs reverse-transcription PCR, information at up 8 follow-ups from April 2020 February 2022. Results High moderate anti-spike (S) secretory IgA (SIgA) postinfection was associated significantly faster resolution across age groups effect sizes equivalent prior vaccine time infection. Those high anti-S SIgA cleared virus 14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 10–18) days recovered 9–10 CI, 6–14) earlier. Delayed higher IgG longer recovery. Experiencing symptoms >4 weeks lower anti–receptor-binding domain 15–30 after onset (P < .001). Conclusions Robust early appears recovery symptoms. research underscores importance harmonizing immune response assays new

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence among Industrial Livestock Operation Workers and Nearby Community Residents, North Carolina, 2021 to 2022

mSphere, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2023

Industrial livestock operations (ILOs), particularly processing facilities, emerged as centers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in spring 2020. Confirmed cases COVID-19 underestimate true prevalence. To investigate the prevalence antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, we enrolled 279 participants North Carolina from February 2021 to July 2022: 90 households with at least one ILO worker (ILO), 97 high-ILO intensity areas (ILO neighbors [ILON]), and 92 metropolitan (metro). More metro (55.4%) compared (51.6%) ILON (48.4%) completed primary vaccination series; median completion date was more than 4 months later for participants, although neither difference statistically significant. Participants provided a saliva swab analyzed SARS-CoV-2 IgG using multiplex immunoassay. The infection-induced (positive nucleocapsid receptor binding domain) higher among (63%) (42.9%) (48.7%) (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 1.80; reference category combined). also an Atlanta health care cohort (PR, 2.45; CI, 1.80 3.33) general population (PRs, 6.37 10.67). increased over study period. reporting not masking public past 2 weeks had (78.6%) (49.3%) 1.59; 1.19 2.13). Lower education, people per bedroom, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, contact outside home were associated

Язык: Английский

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Culturally Targeted Messaging and Racial Equity in SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing by Multiplex Salivary Measurement: Protocol Overview of a SeroNet Investigation

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101019 - 101019

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 point-of-care tests can identify low-antibody individuals: In-depth immunoanalysis of boosting benefits in a healthy cohort

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(24)

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

The recommended COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake is low. At-home lateral flow assay (LFA) antigen tests are widely accepted for detecting infection during the pandemic. Here, we present feasibility and potential benefits of using LFA-based antibody as a means individuals to detect inadequate immunity make informed decisions about immunization. In health care provider cohort, investigated changes in breadth depth humoral T cell immune responses following mRNA vaccination boosting LFA-positive LFA-negative groups. We show that negative LFA closely reflect lack functional observed battery sophisticated assays, while positive results do not necessarily adequate immunity. After vaccination, both groups gain systemic antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 related viruses. Our findings can alert COVID-19, thereby increasing shots promoting herd

Язык: Английский

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Early, robust mucosal secretory IgA but not IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike in oral fluid is associated with faster viral clearance and COVID-19 symptom resolution

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2024

Abstract High priority efforts are under way to support the development of novel mucosal COVID-19 vaccines, such as US Government’s Project NextGen and Center for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations’ (CEPI) goal respond next pandemic with a new vaccine in 100 days. However, there is limited consensus about complementary role immunity disease progression how immunogenicity vaccines will be evaluated. This study investigated oral antibody responses viral clearance symptom duration. Participants PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection provided fluid testing multiplex assays, nasal swabs RT-PCR information at up eight follow-ups from April 2020 February 2022. moderate anti-spike (S) SIgA post was associated significantly higher likelihood resolution across age groups. Those high anti-S cleared virus recovered 14 days (95% CI: 10-18 days) 9-10 6-14 earlier, respectively. Delayed but IgG longer time recovery. The effect size or equivalent prior immunity, which also faster Unvaccinated adults prolonged symptoms had lower anti-RBD 15-30 after onset ( p <0.001). Robust early appears recovery symptoms. research underscores importance harmonizing immune response assays evaluate that can boost local immunity. Disclaimer findings conclusions this report those authors do not necessarily represent official position Centers Disease Control Prevention.

Язык: Английский

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Applications of nanostructured materials for severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 diagnostic

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4), С. 2913 - 2921

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

There is a growing concern that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infections will continue to rise, and there now no safe effective vaccination available prevent pandemic. This has increased the need for rapid, sensitive, highly selective diagnostic techniques disease (COVID-19) detection levels never seen before. Researchers are looking at other biosensing may be able detect COVID-19 infection stop its spread. According high sensitivity, selectivity could provide real-time results reasonable cost, nanomaterial show great promise quick detection. In order better comprehend rapid course of administer more treatments, these methods can used widespread identification. article summarises current state research into nanomaterial-based biosensors SARS‑CoV‑2 diagnosis as well prospects future advancement in this field. very useful during epidemic terms establishing rules designing nanostructure materials deal with outbreak. predict spread SARS-CoV-2 virus, we investigate advantages using nano-structure material applications.

Язык: Английский

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Application of machine learning algorithms to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes

Communications Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2024

Abstract Background Critically ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have greater antibody titers than those mild to moderate illness, but their association recovery or death from has not been characterized. Methods In a cohort study of 178 patients, 73 non-hospitalized and 105 mucosal swabs plasma samples were collected at hospital enrollment up 3 months post-enrollment (MPE) measure virus RNA, cytokines/chemokines, binding antibodies, ACE2 inhibition, Fc effector responses against SARS-CoV-2. The demographic variables more 20 serological measures intubation due was determined using machine learning algorithms. Results Predictive models reveal that IgG inhibition 1 MPE are positively anti-Spike antibody-mediated complement activation is negatively associated an increased probability within MPE. Conclusions At enrollment, predictive subsequent among patients.

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal Analysis of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Supports Utilizing Point-Of-Care Tests to Enhance COVID-19 Booster Uptake

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2023

Individuals with weaker neutralizing responses show reduced protection SARS-CoV-2 variants. Booster vaccines are recommended for vaccinated individuals, but the uptake is low. We present feasibility of utilizing point-of-care tests (POCT) to support evidence-based decision-making around COVID-19 booster vaccinations. Using infectious virus neutralization, ACE2 blocking, spike binding, and TCR sequencing assays, we investigated dynamics changes in breadth depth blood salivary antibodies as well T-cell clonal response following mRNA vaccination a cohort healthcare providers. evaluated accuracy two POCTs either or saliva identify those whom humoral immunity was inadequate. >4 months after doses vaccine, binding Abs (nAbs) clones declined 40-80%, 2/3rd lacked Omicron nAbs. After third booster, increased overall systemic compartment; notably, individuals previously weak nAbs gained sharply. The dose failed stimulate secretory IgA, IgG closely tracked levels. Vaccine boosting Ab against divergent bat sarbecovirus, SHC014, although TCR-beta sequence unchanged. Post 3rd dose, avidity Wuhan Delta strains, while SHC014 levels seen second dose. Negative results on strongly correlated lack functional immunity. helps vaccinees gain evolving related viruses. Our findings that useful easy-to-access tools inform inadequate accurately. designed match circulating variants can help vaccine decisions could serve population-level screening platform preserve herd immunity.SARS-CoV-2 antibody valuable informed regarding current future vaccination.

Язык: Английский

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A Saliva-Based Serological and Behavioral Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in Howard County, Maryland

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023

The objective of the study was to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in Howard County, Maryland, general population and demographic subpopulations attributable natural infection or disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination identify self-reported social behaviors that may affect likelihood recent past SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cross-sectional, saliva-based serological 2,880 residents carried out from July through September 2021. Natural prevalence estimated by inferring infections among individuals according anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobin G levels calculating averages weighted sample proportions various demographics. Antibody between BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA-1273 (Moderna) recipients were compared. decay rate calculated fitting exponential curves cross-sectional indirect immunoassay data. Regression analysis factors, behaviors, attitudes be linked an increased overall 11.9% (95% confidence interval, 9.2% 15.1%), compared with 7% reported COVID-19 cases. indicating highest Hispanic non-Hispanic Black participants lowest White Asian participants. Participants census tracts lower average household income also had higher rates. After accounting for multiple comparisons correlations participants, none behavior attitude factors significant effects on At same time, vaccine antibody than those recipients. Older younger true is number cases Maryland. disproportionate impact infection-induced positivity observed across different ethnic/racial incomes, differences demographics identified. Taken together, this information inform public health policy protect vulnerable populations. IMPORTANCE We employed a highly innovative noninvasive multiplex oral fluid IgG assay ascertain our estimates. This laboratory-developed test has been applied NCI's SeroNet consortium, possesses high sensitivity specificity FDA Emergency Use Authorization guidelines, correlates strongly neutralizing responses, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-approved Johns Hopkins Hospital Department Pathology. It represents broadly scalable tool improve understanding exposure without drawing any blood. To knowledge, first application high-performance salivary population-level seroprevalence, including identifying disparities. are report responses manufacturers (BNT162b2 [Pfizer-BioNTech] [Moderna]). Our findings demonstrate remarkable consistency blood-based assays terms magnitude vaccines.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence by industry, workplace characteristics, and workplace infection prevention and control measures, North Carolina, 2021 to 2022

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected workers in certain industries and occupations, the workplace can be a high risk setting for SARS-CoV-2 transmission. In this study, we measured antibody prevalence identified work-related factors population primarily working at industrial livestock operations.

Язык: Английский

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