Viruses,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(9), С. 1900 - 1900
Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2022
It
is
generally
accepted
that
certain
viral
infections
can
trigger
the
development
of
autoimmune
diseases.
However,
exact
mechanisms
by
which
these
viruses
induce
autoimmunity
are
still
not
understood.
In
this
review,
we
first
describe
hypothetical
some
representative
Then,
focus
on
Epstein–Barr
virus
(EBV)
and
discuss
its
role
in
pathogenesis
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA).
The
discussion
mainly
based
our
own
previous
findings
(A)
EBV
DNA
products
EBV-encoded
small
RNA
(EBER)
latent
membrane
protein
1
(LMP1)
present
synovial
lesions
RA,
(B)
mRNA
expression
signaling
lymphocytic
activation
molecule-associated
(SAP)/SH2D1A
gene
plays
a
critical
cellular
immune
responses
to
reduced
peripheral
T
cells
patients
with
(C)
infection
mice
reconstituted
human
system
components
(humanized
mice)
induced
erosive
pathologically
similar
RA.
Additionally,
environmental
factors
may
contribute
reactivation
as
follows:
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
peptidylarginine
deiminase
(PAD),
an
enzyme
required
for
citrullination,
engenders
antigens
leading
production
citrullinated
peptides
both
gingiva
synovium.
Anti-citrullinated
autoantibody
important
marker
diagnosis
disease
activity
These
findings,
well
various
results
obtained
other
researchers,
strongly
suggest
directly
involved
typical
disease.
The
human
intestinal
microbiome
substantially
affects
health
and
resistance
to
infections
in
its
dynamic
composition
varying
release
of
microbial-derived
metabolites.
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFA)
produced
by
commensal
bacteria
through
fermentation
indigestible
fibres
are
considered
key
regulators
orchestrating
the
host
immune
response
microbial
colonization
regulating
phagocytosis,
chemokine
central
signalling
pathways
cell
growth
apoptosis,
thereby
shaping
functionality
epithelial
barrier.
Although
research
last
decades
provided
valuable
insight
into
pleiotropic
functions
SCFAs
their
capability
maintain
health,
mechanistic
details
on
how
act
across
different
types
other
organs
not
fully
understood.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
various
cellular
metabolism,
emphasizing
orchestration
along
gut–brain,
gut–lung
gut–liver
axes.
We
discuss
potential
pharmacological
use
inflammatory
diseases
highlight
new
options
relevant
three-dimensional
organ
models
investigate
validate
biological
more
detail.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
165, С. 115276 - 115276
Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023
Short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
derived
from
the
fermentation
of
carbohydrates
by
gut
microbiota
play
a
crucial
role
in
regulating
host
physiology.
Among
them,
acetate,
propionate,
and
butyrate
are
key
players
various
biological
processes.
Recent
research
has
revealed
their
significant
functions
immune
inflammatory
responses.
For
instance,
reduces
development
interferon-gamma
(IFN-γ)
generating
cells
while
promoting
regulatory
T
(Treg)
cells.
Propionate
inhibits
initiation
Th2
response
dendritic
(DCs).
Notably,
SCFAs
have
an
inhibitory
impact
on
polarization
M2
macrophages,
emphasizing
immunomodulatory
properties
potential
for
therapeutics.
In
animal
models
asthma,
both
propionate
suppress
pathway,
thus
reducing
allergic
airway
inflammation.
Moreover,
dysbiosis
leading
to
altered
SCFA
production
been
implicated
prostate
cancer
progression.
trigger
autophagy
promote
accelerating
tumor
advancement.
Manipulating
microbiota-
producing
holds
promise
treatment.
Additionally,
enhance
expression
hypoxia-inducible
factor
1
(HIF-1)
blocking
histone
deacetylase,
resulting
increased
antibacterial
effectors
improved
macrophage-mediated
elimination
microorganisms.
This
highlights
antimicrobial
defense
mechanisms.
comprehensive
review
provides
in-depth
analysis
latest
functional
aspects
underlying
mechanisms
relation
macrophage
activities
wide
range
diseases,
including
infectious
diseases
cancers.
By
elucidating
intricate
interplay
between
functions,
this
aims
contribute
understanding
therapeutic
pave
way
future
interventions
targeting
disease
management.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
162, С. 114620 - 114620
Опубликована: Март 31, 2023
There
is
emerging
evidence
that
microbiota
and
its
metabolites
play
an
important
role
in
helath
diseases.
In
this
regard,
gut
has
been
found
as
a
crucial
component
influences
immune
responses
well
immune-related
disorders
such
autoimmune
Gut
bacterial
dysbiosis
shown
to
cause
disease
altered
metabolite
synthesis,
leading
immunological
metabolic
dysregulation.
Of
note,
the
produce
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs)
acetate,
butyrate,
propionate,
remodeling
these
linked
pathophysiology
of
number
type
1
diabetes,
multiple
sclerosis,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
celiac
systemic
lupus
erythematosus.
review,
we
will
address
most
recent
findings
from
noteworthy
studies
investigating
impact
SCFAs
on
various
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(17), С. 9366 - 9366
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2024
The
human
gastrointestinal
tract
hosts
a
complex
and
dynamic
community
of
microorganisms
known
as
the
gut
microbiota,
which
play
pivotal
role
in
numerous
physiological
processes,
including
digestion,
metabolism,
immune
function.
Recent
research
has
highlighted
significant
impact
diet
on
microbiota
composition
functionality,
consequential
effects
host
health.
Concurrently,
there
is
growing
evidence
linking
to
inflammation,
key
factor
many
chronic
diseases
such
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD),
obesity,
diabetes,
cardiovascular
(CVDs).
This
review
explores
how
dietary
components
influence
composition,
these
microbial
changes
affect
pathways,
therapeutic
implications
modulating
this
axis
for
prevention
management.
Beneficial
patterns,
Mediterranean
(MD)
plant-based
diets,
promote
diverse
balanced
supporting
anti-inflammatory
pathways.
Conversely,
Western
(WD),
high
saturated
fats
refined
sugars,
associated
with
dysbiosis
increased
inflammation.
With
all
links
between
three
variables
considered,
attempts
offer
thorough
examination
triangle
formed
by
food.
Periodontology 2000,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
94(1), С. 257 - 414
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
Abstract
Exosomes
are
the
smallest
subset
of
extracellular
signaling
vesicles
secreted
by
most
cells
with
ability
to
communicate
other
tissues
and
cell
types
over
long
distances.
Their
use
in
regenerative
medicine
has
gained
tremendous
momentum
recently
due
their
be
utilized
as
therapeutic
options
for
a
wide
array
diseases/conditions.
Over
5000
publications
currently
being
published
yearly
on
this
topic,
number
is
only
expected
dramatically
increase
novel
strategies
continue
developed.
Today
exosomes
have
been
applied
numerous
contexts
including
neurodegenerative
disorders
(Alzheimer's
disease,
central
nervous
system,
depression,
multiple
sclerosis,
Parkinson's
post‐traumatic
stress
disorders,
traumatic
brain
injury,
peripheral
nerve
injury),
damaged
organs
(heart,
kidney,
liver,
stroke,
myocardial
infarctions,
ovaries),
degenerative
processes
(atherosclerosis,
diabetes,
hematology
musculoskeletal
degeneration,
osteoradionecrosis,
respiratory
disease),
infectious
diseases
(COVID‐19,
hepatitis),
procedures
(antiaging,
bone
regeneration,
cartilage/joint
osteoarthritis,
cutaneous
wounds,
dental
dermatology/skin
erectile
dysfunction,
hair
regrowth,
intervertebral
disc
repair,
spinal
cord
vascular
regeneration),
cancer
therapy
(breast,
colorectal,
gastric
osteosarcomas),
immune
function
(allergy,
autoimmune
regulation,
inflammatory
diseases,
lupus,
rheumatoid
arthritis).
This
scoping
review
first
its
kind
aimed
at
summarizing
extensive
potential
broad
range
disorders.
Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
28(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2022
Abstract
Background
Biofilm
is
a
community
of
bacteria
embedded
in
an
extracellular
matrix,
which
can
colonize
different
human
cells
and
tissues
subvert
the
host
immune
reactions
by
preventing
detection
polarizing
towards
anti-inflammatory
state,
promoting
persistence
biofilm-embedded
host.
Main
body
manuscript
It
now
well
established
that
function
ultimately
mediated
cellular
metabolism.
The
are
stimulated
to
regulate
their
functions
upon
sensing
danger
signals.
Recent
studies
have
determined
often
display
distinct
metabolic
alterations
impair
responses
when
triggered.
Such
reprogramming
its
physiological
implications
cancer
situations.
In
bacterial
infections,
immuno-metabolic
evaluations
primarily
focused
on
macrophages
neutrophils
planktonic
growth
mode.
Conclusion
Based
differences
inflammatory
planktonic-
versus
biofilm-associated
must
also
consider
against
biofilm
infections.
profound
characterization
cell
could
offer
exciting
novel
targets
for
antibiofilm
therapy.
Molecular Aspects of Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
99, С. 101302 - 101302
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Modern
methods
of
molecular
diagnostics
and
therapy
have
revolutionized
the
field
medicine
in
recent
years
by
providing
more
precise
effective
tools
for
detecting
treating
diseases.
This
progress
includes
a
growing
exploration
body's
secreted
vesicles,
known
as
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
both
diagnostic
therapeutic
purposes.
EVs
are
heterogeneous
population
lipid
bilayer
almost
every
cell
type
studied
so
far.
They
detected
body
fluids
conditioned
culture
media
from
living
cells.
play
crucial
role
communication
between
cells
organs,
locally
over
long
distances.
recognized
their
ability
to
transport
endogenous
RNA
proteins
cells,
including
messenger
(mRNA),
microRNA
(miRNA),
misfolded
neurodegenerative
proteins,
several
other
biomolecules.
review
explores
dual
utilization
EVs,
serving
not
only
purposes
but
also
platform
delivering
molecules
tissues.
Through
an
composition,
biogenesis,
selective
cargo
packaging,
we
elucidate
intricate
mechanisms
behind
via
highlighting
potential
use
applications.
Finally,
it
addresses
challenges
outlines
prospective
directions
clinical
EVs.
