IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
In
recent
decades,
the
degradation
of
air
quality
has
become
a
growing
global
concern,
driven
by
rapid
industrialization,
increased
urbanization,
and
emergence
new
health
threats
such
as
COVID-19
pandemic.
This
chapter
explores
evolution
indoor
(IAQ)
critical
issue,
with
focus
on
development
implementation
international
guidelines
standards
that
regulate
key
pollutants,
including
carbon
dioxide
(CO2),
monoxide
(CO),
particulate
matter
(PM10,
PM2.5).
These
apply
to
diverse
environments
hospitals,
office
buildings,
enclosed
transport
cabins,
where
maintaining
healthy
is
vital
for
human
well-being.
A
central
theme
integration
Internet
Things
(IoT)
into
IAQ
monitoring
management
systems.
Specifically,
study
highlights
how
Low-Cost
Sensors
(LCSs)
are
transforming
traditional
enabling
real-time,
continuous
tracking
pollutants.
The
examines
role
IoT-based
technologies
in
enhancing
regulatory
compliance,
improving
practices,
providing
actionable
data
mitigating
pollutant
exposure.
Furthermore,
it
assesses
challenges
opportunities
presented
IoT
adoption
management,
issues
related
sensor
accuracy,
privacy,
long-term
sustainability.
By
analyzing
case
studies
real-world
applications,
this
offers
insights
technological
advancements
shaping
future
management.
findings
underscore
importance
aligning
innovation
evolving
ensure
safer
healthier
environments.
Ultimately,
work
contributes
broader
discourse
smart
networks
can
support
efforts
enhance
both
public
private
spaces.
Administrative Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(9), С. 196 - 196
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2023
Considering
the
rapid
advancements
in
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
and
their
potential
implications
for
higher
education
sector,
this
article
seeks
to
critically
evaluate
strategic
adoption
of
AI
framework
“smart
universities”.
We
envisage
these
innovative
institutions
as
imminent
evolution
education,
harnessing
quantum
technologies
reshape
academic
administrative
processes.
The
core
presumption
is
that
through
such
integration,
universities
can
achieve
personalized
learning
trajectories,
enhanced
accessibility,
economic
efficiency,
a
boost
overall
operational
performance.
However,
venturing
into
new
educational
paradigm
necessitates
thorough
exploration
pitfalls,
including
questions
surrounding
quality,
job
losses,
risks
bias,
privacy
breaches,
safety
concerns.
Our
primary
objective
offer
balanced
assessment
aid
stakeholders
making
informed
decisions
about
endorsing
advancing
smart
university
model.
A
pivotal
factor
discourse
acceptance
qualifications
from
AI-enriched
by
employers,
variable
may
drastically
redefine
sector’s
trajectory.
Within
context
comprehensive
analysis
its
broader
societal
impact,
also
delves
ramifications
AI-driven
innovations
historically
Black
colleges
(HBCUs).
Engineering Science & Technology Journal,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1), С. 185 - 200
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Green
architecture
and
energy
efficiency
have
become
imperative
considerations
in
contemporary
construction
practices,
driven
by
the
escalating
global
concern
over
environmental
degradation
consumption.
This
paper
provides
a
comprehensive
review
of
innovative
design
techniques
employed
green
to
enhance
efficiency.
The
study
delves
into
integration
sustainable
principles,
emphasizing
importance
minimizing
ecological
footprint
buildings.
Various
strategies
such
as
passive
design,
roofs,
efficient
insulation
systems
are
explored
create
structures
that
harness
natural
resources
intelligently.
These
not
only
reduce
consumption
but
also
contribute
healthier
indoor
environment.
Innovative
materials
play
pivotal
role
architecture,
with
focus
on
utilizing
recycled
locally
sourced
materials.
scrutinizes
emerging
technologies
like
bio-concrete
self-healing
materials,
which
structural
resilience
embody
eco-friendly
attributes.
Furthermore,
utilization
advanced
building
systems,
smart
grids
energy-efficient
HVAC
is
discussed
for
optimizing
performance
throughout
lifecycle
building.
highlights
significance
renewable
sources,
an
emphasis
incorporating
solar
panels,
wind
turbines,
other
solutions
architectural
designs.
these
promotes
self-sufficiency
contributes
overall
reduction
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
In
conclusion,
this
encapsulates
exploration
symbiotic
relationship
between
By
examining
cutting-edge
techniques,
seeks
provide
insights
can
inform
inspire
future
practices
industry,
fostering
approach
addresses
both
concerns
growing
demand
infrastructure.
Keywords:
Energy,
Architecture,
Construction
Technique,
Design,
Review.
Progress in Materials Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
144, С. 101289 - 101289
Опубликована: Март 28, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
explores
the
potential
of
tailored
carbon
materials
(TCM)
for
efficient
photocatalytic
degradation
polyaromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
which
are
persistent
and
toxic
organic
pollutants
posing
significant
environmental
challenges.
The
unique
structure
properties
TCM
including
graphene
nanotubes
to
activated
dots,
have
projected
them
as
next-generation
technological
innovation.
A
careful
critical
discussion
state-of-the-art
research
sheds
light
on
their
effectiveness
in
catalyzing
breakdown
PAHs,
projects
suitable
management
environment.
Beyond
this
viewpoint,
article
expands
scope
1)
biomedical
healthcare,
2)
energy
storage
conversion,
3)
advanced
electronics.
challenges,
opportunities,
future
perspectives
related
role
applications,
inspiring
further
research,
innovation
photo-induced
techniques
also
carefully
discussed
article.
focused
serves
a
valuable
resource
researchers
industrialists
interested
harnessing
capabilities
carbon-based
sustainable
PAHs
other
pollutants.
It
addresses
pressing
need
effective
remediation
pollution
control
strategies.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
858, С. 159813 - 159813
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2022
Students
spend
nearly
one
third
of
their
typical
day
in
the
school
environment,
where
they
may
be
exposed
to
harmful
air
pollutants.
A
consolidated
knowledge
base
interventions
reduce
this
exposure
is
required
for
making
informed
decisions
on
implementation
and
wider
uptake.
We
attempt
fill
gap
by
synthesising
existing
scientific
literature
different
school-based
pollution
interventions,
efficiency,
suitability,
limitations.
assessed
technological
(air
purifiers,
HVAC
-
Heating
Ventilation
Air
Conditioning
etc.),
behavioural,
physical
barriers,
structural,
school-commute
policy
regulatory
interventions.
Studies
suggest
that
removal
efficiency
purifiers
PM2.5,
PM10,
PM1
BC
can
up
57
%,
34
70
%
58
respectively,
depending
purification
technology
compared
with
control
levels
classroom.
The
system
combined
high
filters
has
BC,
PM10
PM2.5
97
30
respectively.
Citizen
science
campaigns
are
effective
reducing
indoor
pollutants'
94
%.
concentration
NO2,
O3,
PNC
reduced
60
59
16
63
77
respectively
as
conditions,
installing
green
infrastructure
(GI)
a
barrier.
School
commute
NO2
23
in-cabin
reduction
43
PNC,
89
74
75
along
tailpipe
emission
total
particles,
achieved
using
clean
fuels
retrofits.
No
stand-alone
method
found
absolute
solution
controlling
pollutants
exposure,
application
most
scenarios.
More
research
needed
assessing
operational
synchronisation
getting
optimum
results.
Journal of Building Engineering,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
71, С. 106405 - 106405
Опубликована: Март 30, 2023
Addressing
indoor
air
quality
(IAQ)
and
thermal
comfort
issues
in
school
buildings
is
challenging
but
relevant.
Firstly,
their
primary
occupants
are
more
vulnerable
than
adults.
Secondly,
often
inadequate
being
too
old
or
designed
to
prioritise
energy-efficiency
targets.
Thirdly,
have
little
control
over
the
environmental
(IEQ).
Lastly,
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
highlighted
complexity
vulnerability
of
existing
decision-making
processes
relation
making
timely
well-informed
decisions
about
IEQ
threats.
Standards
guidelines
vary
time
among
similar
countries
despite
targeting
occupants,
evaluate
IAQ
independently,
do
not
include
any
specific
adaptations
children.
Thus,
aim
this
research
compare
different
available
standards
buildings.
By
analysing
with
(EN16798,
BB101,
ASHRAE
55
62.1)
data
collected
schools
northern
Italy,
evaluated
consequences
limits
approaches,
proposed
improvements.
The
conclusions
that
(i)
thresholds
methods
inconsistency
within
same
standard
should
be
avoided;
(ii)
upper-
lower-bounded
operative
temperature
scales
most
appropriate
means
design
verify
classrooms;
(iii)
metrics
give
an
upper
limit
per
a
certain
amount
consecutive
might
prevent
build-up
pollutants,
even
high
emissions
from
building
fabric;
(iv)
no
proposes
combined
analysis
which
could
enable
informed
trade-off
considering
IAQ,
comfort,
energy
Energy and Buildings,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
294, С. 113227 - 113227
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2023
In
educational
buildings,
adaptive
strategies
can
be
adopted
for
the
achievement
of
thermal
comfort
and
reduction
energy
consumption.
Since
climate
largely
affect
comfort,
there
is
a
need
understanding
its
role
in
definition
different
capacities,
neutrality,
preference.
To
this
end,
17
naturally
ventilated
university
classrooms
from
10
buildings
located
two
sub-climates
Italy
(Mediterranean
climate)
France
(Continental
were
analysed.
total,
1377
questionnaires
associated
with
environmental
parameters
collected.
The
same
stage
(i.e.
classrooms)
operation
mode
during
heating
period)
investigated
to
remove
possible
biases
related
their
influence
on
perception.
Field
studies
show
that
despite
French
students
performing
less
actions,
neutral
temperature
(TN)
was
3.1
°C
lower
than
Italian
ones
(TN,ITALY
=
23.6
TN,FRANCE
20.5
°C)
difference
statistically
significant.
Adaptation
as
function
sub-climate
evident
comparison
PMV-PPD
model.
Neutral
temperatures
calculated
PMV
higher
those
obtained
TSV,
increased
colder
climate.
Practically,
students'
adaptation
environments
deployed
ensure
while
reducing
demand.
Building and Environment,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
237, С. 110313 - 110313
Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2023
School
classrooms
are
often
reported
as
having
insufficient
ventilation
with
elevated
indoor
CO2
concentrations.
This
paper
reports
on
pre-pandemic
field
measurements
of
concentration
levels
conducted
for
an
academic
year
in
10
from
four
primary
and
a
secondary
school
Victoria,
Australia.
Measured
concentrations
across
the
which
were
operated
mix
intermittent
natural
air-conditioning
cooling
or
heating,
average
ranged
between
657
ppm
2235
during
hours
median
over
1000
70%
classrooms.
All
study
exceeded
Australian
recommended
limit
850
ppm.
Using
peak
year-long
measurements,
estimated
rate
(VR)
4.08
Ls-1
per
person
show
under-performing
where
60%
had
VRs
35–40%
lower
than
10-12
Ls−1
recommendation.
Estimated
VR
range
1.24–2.07
using
maximum
19–30%
ASHRAE
recommendation
6.7
person.
These
translate
to
air
change
rates
0.52
0.88
h−1
±
0.26–0.59,
well
below
6.0
good
by
World
Health
Organisation
context
COVID-19
pandemic.
Characterisation
quality
current
classroom
stock
is
critical
improvement
design,
induction
room
operating
practices,
understanding
community
relevance
building
performance
health,
development
appropriate
guidelines
schools.