Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(10), С. 2541 - 2541

Опубликована: Май 23, 2019

Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today's world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops has been considered severe constraint global productivity; its intensity severity predicted to increase near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity DS, especially at vegetative reproductive stages. They mostly grown dry areas moderately drought tolerant, but DS leads remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage photosynthetic apparatus, decrease net photosynthesis, reduction nutrient uptake. To curb catastrophic effect legumes, it is imperative understand effects, mechanisms, agronomic genetic basis sustainable management. This review highlights impact on proposes appropriate management approaches alleviate stress. In our discussion, we outline influence physiological aspects (such as uptake), parameters yield. Additionally, various strategies, instance, practices (planting time geometry, management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) also critically discussed. We propose that integration several such biotechnological well genome editing tools needed develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR technology is revolutionizing the improvement of tomato and other fruit crops

Horticulture Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2019

Fruits are major sources of essential nutrients and serve as staple foods in some areas the world. The increasing human population changes climate experienced worldwide make it urgent to production fruit crops with high yield enhanced adaptation environment, for which conventional breeding is unlikely meet demand. Fortunately, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology paves way toward a new horizon crop improvement consequently revolutionizes plant breeding. In this review, mechanism optimization CRISPR system its application crops, including resistance biotic abiotic stresses, quality improvement, domestication highlighted. Controversies future perspectives discussed well.

Язык: Английский

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Genome Editing in Plants: Exploration of Technological Advancements and Challenges

Cells, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(11), С. 1386 - 1386

Опубликована: Ноя. 4, 2019

Genome-editing, a recent technological advancement in the field of life sciences, is one great examples techniques used to explore understanding biological phenomenon. Besides having different site-directed nucleases for genome editing over decade ago, CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) based approach has become choice technique due its simplicity, ease access, cost, and flexibility. In present review, several approaches have been discussed, considering advances challenges implicate those crop improvement programs. Successful where improve biotic abiotic stress tolerance, traits related yield plant architecture discussed. The review highlights implement polyploid plants like wheat, canola, sugarcane. Challenges difficult transform germline-specific gene expression We also discussed notable progress with multi-target on polycistronic tRNA processing, Csy4 endoribonuclease, intron Drosha ribonuclease. Potential edit multiple targets simultaneously makes it possible take up more challenging tasks required engineer desired plants. Similarly, precision editing, promoter bashing, methylome-editing will be provides catalog available computational tools servers facilitating designing guide-RNA targets, construct designs, data analysis. information provided here useful efficient exploration

Язык: Английский

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Application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing for abiotic stress management in crop plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2023

Abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, cold, heat, and heavy metals, extensively reducing global agricultural production. Traditional breeding approaches transgenic technology have been widely used to mitigate the risks of these environmental stresses. The discovery engineered nucleases as genetic scissors carry out precise manipulation in crop stress-responsive genes associated molecular network has paved way for sustainable management abiotic stress conditions. In this context, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-Cas (CRISPR/Cas)-based gene-editing tool revolutionized due its simplicity, accessibility, adaptability, flexibility, wide applicability. This system great potential build up varieties with enhanced tolerance against review, we summarize latest findings on understanding mechanism response plants application CRISPR/Cas-mediated towards a multitude stresses metals. We provide mechanistic insights CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing technology. also discuss applications evolving techniques such prime base editing, mutant library production, transgene free multiplexing rapidly deliver modern cultivars adapted

Язык: Английский

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Chromium Toxicity in Plants: Signaling, Mitigation, and Future Perspectives

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(7), С. 1502 - 1502

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent toxic trace metals found in agricultural soils because anthropogenic activities, lack efficient treatment, unregulated disposal. It has a huge detrimental impact on physiological, biochemical, molecular traits crops, addition to being carcinogenic humans. In soil, Cr exists forms, including (III) "trivalent" (VI) "hexavalent", but pervasive severely hazardous form biota (VI). Despite extensive research effects stress, exact mechanisms sensing, uptake, translocation, phytotoxicity, transcript processing, translation, post-translational protein modifications, as well plant defensive responses still largely unknown. Even though plants transporter system, it efficiently accumulated transported other essential ion transporters, hence posing serious challenge development Cr-tolerant cultivars. this review, we discuss toxicity plants, signaling perception, transduction. Further, highlight various mitigation processes for such microbial, chemical, nano-based priming. We also biotechnological advancements mitigating using microbiome engineering approaches. Additionally, role breeding sustainable agriculture. Finally, some conclusions drawn along with potential directions future order better comprehend pathways its

Язык: Английский

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Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: Pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide. While HPV infection can be cleared by an adequate immune response, immunocompromised individuals develop persistent, treatment-refractory, and progressive disease. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) with HPV-related disease include inborn errors GATA, EVER1/2, CXCR4 mutations, resulting defective cellular function. People living secondary immunodeficiency (e.g. solid-organ transplants recipients immunosuppression) acquired concurrent human (HIV) infection) are also at significant risk Immunocompromised people highly susceptible to development warts, cervical, anogenital oropharyngeal carcinomas. The specific mechanisms underlying high-risk HPV-driven cancer hosts not well understood. Current treatments for surgery adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, clinical trials underway investigate use anti-PD-1 therapy. In setting HIV co-infection, persistent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia occur despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, ongoing transformation overt malignancy. Although therapeutic vaccines against under development, efficacy these PID, secondary- acquired- remains unclear. RNA-based targeting genome mRNA transcript has become promising next-generation avenue. this review, we summarise current understanding pathogenesis, evasion, malignant transformation, focus on key PIDs, immunodeficiencies, infection. management vaccine regimes outlined relation cancer, specifically, need more effective strategies hosts. recent advances gene including CRISPR short interfering RNA (siRNA), potential application great interest. An increased both dysregulated responses viral persistence essential design therapies eliminate most at-risk populations.

Язык: Английский

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Grain Legumes and Fear of Salt Stress: Focus on Mechanisms and Management Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(4), С. 799 - 799

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2019

Salinity is an ever-present major constraint and a threat to legume crops, particularly in areas with irrigated agriculture. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity, especially during vegetative reproductive phases. This review gives overview of legumes sensitivity salt stress (SS) mechanisms cope salinity under unfavorable conditions. It also focuses on the promising management approaches, i.e., agronomic practices, breeding genome editing techniques improve performance SS. Now, onus researchers comprehend plants physiological molecular mechanisms, addition various responses as part their tolerance strategy. Due ability fix biological nitrogen, protein contents, dietary fiber, essential mineral have become fascinating group plants. There immense need develop SS tolerant varieties meet growing demand worldwide. covering crucial ranging from effects, strategies, may elucidate further ways SS-tolerant produce crops environments.

Язык: Английский

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Precise Editing of the OsPYL9 Gene by RNA-Guided Cas9 Nuclease Confers Enhanced Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Regulating Circadian Rhythm and Abiotic Stress Responsive Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(21), С. 7854 - 7854

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2020

Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in regulating drought tolerance, and pyrabactin resistance-like (PYL) proteins are known as ABA receptors. To elucidate the role of one receptors rice, OsPYL9 was mutagenized through CRISPR/Cas9 rice. Homozygous heterozygous mutant plants lacking any off-targets T-DNA were screened based on site-specific sequencing used for morpho-physiological, molecular, proteomic analysis. Mutant lines appear to accumulate higher ABA, antioxidant activities, chlorophyll content, leaf cuticular wax, survival rate, whereas a lower malondialdehyde level, stomatal conductance, transpiration vascular bundles occur under stress conditions. Proteomic analysis found total 324 differentially expressed (DEPs), out which 184 140 up downregulated, respectively. The mutants showed an increase grain yield both well watered field Most DEPs related circadian clock rhythm, response, reactive oxygen species upregulated plants. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) revealed that only rhythm Gene Ontology (GO) most response abiotic stimulus, abscisic acid-activated signaling pathways. Protein GIGANTEA, Adagio-like, Pseudo-response regulator interaction protein–protein (PPI) network. Thus, overall results CRISPR/Cas9-generated have potential improve tolerance Furthermore, global proteome provides new biomarkers understandings molecular mechanism rice tolerance.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic insights of CRISPR/Cas‐mediated genome editing towards enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 172(2), С. 1255 - 1268

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2021

Abstract Abiotic stresses such as temperature (high/low), drought, salinity, and others make the environment hostile to plants. stressors adversely affect plant growth development; thereby makes a direct impact on overall productivity. Plants confront stress by developing an internal defense system orchestrated compatible solutes, reactive oxygen species scavengers phytohormones. However, routine exposure unpredictable environmental it essential equip plants with that contributes sustainable agricultural productivity, besides imparting multi‐stress tolerance. The approach against abiotic is accomplished through breeding of tolerant cultivars. Though eco‐friendly, tedious screening crossing protocol limits its usage overcome in attaining goal global food security. Advancement technological front has enabled adoption genomic engineering approaches perform site‐specific modification genome for improving adaptability, increasing yield attributing resilience different stressors. Of editing approaches, CRISPR/Cas revolutionized biological research wider applicability crop emerged versatile tool genomes desired traits highly accurate precise manner. present study summarizes advancement manipulate novel towards high‐yielding climate‐resilient varieties.

Язык: Английский

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Improving plant-resistance to insect-pests and pathogens: The new opportunities through targeted genome editing

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 96, С. 65 - 76

Опубликована: Май 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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