Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
nano-sized,
membranous
structures
secreted
into
the
extracellular
space.
They
exhibit
diverse
sizes,
contents,
and
surface
markers
ubiquitously
released
from
cells
under
normal
pathological
conditions.
Human
serum
is
a
rich
source
of
these
EVs,
though
their
isolation
proteins
non-EV
lipid
particles
poses
challenges.
These
transport
various
cellular
components
such
as
proteins,
mRNAs,
miRNAs,
DNA,
lipids
across
distances,
influencing
numerous
physiological
events,
including
those
within
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
Their
pivotal
roles
in
communication
make
EVs
promising
candidates
for
therapeutic
agents,
drug
delivery
systems,
disease
biomarkers.
Especially
cancer
diagnostics,
EV
detection
can
pave
way
early
identification
offers
potential
diagnostic
Moreover,
subtypes
emerging
targeted
tools,
highlighting
clinical
significance.
The
need
non-invasive
biomarkers
to
monitor
biological
processes
purposes
remains
unfulfilled.
Tapping
unique
composition
could
unlock
advanced
avenues
future.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
detail
conditions,
cancers
(encompassing
head
neck,
lung,
gastric,
breast,
hepatocellular
carcinoma),
neurodegenerative
disorders,
diabetes,
viral
infections,
autoimmune
renal
diseases,
emphasizing
advancements
molecular
diagnostics
delivery.
Cell Death and Disease,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(7)
Опубликована: Июль 4, 2022
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
can
be
widely
isolated
from
various
tissues
including
bone
marrow,
umbilical
cord,
and
adipose
tissue,
with
the
potential
for
self-renewal
multipotent
differentiation.
There
is
compelling
evidence
that
therapeutic
effect
of
MSCs
mainly
depends
on
their
paracrine
action.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
fundamental
effectors
play
a
crucial
role
in
intercellular
communication,
existing
body
fluids
cell
supernatants.
Since
MSC-derived
EVs
retain
function
protocells
have
lower
immunogenicity,
they
wide
range
prospective
applications
advantages
over
therapy.
We
describe
some
characteristics
MSC-EVs,
discuss
immune
regulation
regeneration,
emphasis
molecular
mechanism
application
MSC-EVs
treatment
fibrosis
support
tissue
repair.
also
highlight
current
challenges
clinical
ways
to
overcome
problem
quality
heterogeneity.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
7(6), С. 2106 - 2149
Опубликована: Май 14, 2021
Exosomes
are
cell-derived
vesicles
containing
heterogeneous
active
biomolecules
such
as
proteins,
lipids,
mRNAs,
receptors,
immune
regulatory
molecules,
and
nucleic
acids.
They
typically
range
in
size
from
30
to
150
nm
diameter.
An
exosome's
surfaces
can
be
bioengineered
with
antibodies,
fluorescent
dye,
peptides,
tailored
for
small
molecule
large
biologics.
have
enormous
potential
a
drug
delivery
vehicle
due
enhanced
biocompatibility,
excellent
payload
capability,
reduced
immunogenicity
compared
alternative
polymeric-based
carriers.
Because
of
targeting
specificity,
exosomes
capable
delivering
their
cargo
exosome-recipient
cells.
Additionally,
potentially
act
early
stage
disease
diagnostic
tools
the
exosome
carries
various
protein
biomarkers
associated
specific
disease.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
progress
on
composition,
biological
characterization,
isolation
techniques.
Finally,
outline
clinical
applications
preclinical
advancement
provide
an
outlook
importance
use
targeted
delivery,
biomarker
study,
vaccine
development.
Journal of Chromatography B,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
1169, С. 122604 - 122604
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2021
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
currently
of
tremendous
interest
in
many
research
disciplines
and
EVs
have
potential
for
development
EV
diagnostics
or
therapeutics.
Most
well-known
single
isolation
methods
their
particular
advantages
disadvantages
terms
purity
yield.
Combining
provides
additional
to
improve
the
efficacy
both
This
review
assesses
contribution
using
combined
by
performing
a
two-step
systematic
literature
analysis
from
all
papers
applying
year
2019.
resulted
an
overview
various
being
applied
isolations.
A
second
database
was
generated
studies
within
first
that
fairly
compared
multiple
determining
yield
after
isolation.
From
these
databases
it
is
shown
most
used
not
per
definition
best
based
on
yield,
indicating
more
factors
play
role
choice
which
method
choose
than
only
method.
included
~60%
isolations
were
performed
with
methods.
The
majority
differential
ultracentrifugation
alone
combination
ultrafiltration.
When
determined
clearly
outperformed
methods,
regardless
type
starting
material
used.
recommended
point
would
be
use
size-exclusion
chromatography
since
this
method,
especially
when
low-speed
centrifugation,
highest
purity,
while
still
providing
reasonable
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(12)
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2021
Osteoporosis
is
one
of
the
most
common
skeletal
disorders
caused
by
imbalance
between
bone
formation
and
resorption,
resulting
in
quantitative
loss
tissue.
Since
stem
cell-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
growing
attention
as
novel
cell-free
therapeutics
that
have
advantages
over
parental
cells,
therapeutic
effects
EVs
from
adipose
tissue-derived
cells
(ASC-EVs)
on
osteoporosis
pathogenesis
were
investigated.
ASC-EVs
isolated
a
multi-filtration
system
based
tangential
flow
filtration
(TFF)
characterized
using
transmission
electron
microscopy,
dynamic
light
scattering,
zeta
potential,
cytometry,
cytokine
arrays,
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay.
rich
growth
factors
cytokines
related
to
metabolism
mesenchymal
cell
(MSC)
migration.
In
particular,
osteoprotegerin
(OPG),
natural
inhibitor
receptor
activator
nuclear
factor-κB
ligand
(RANKL),
was
highly
enriched
ASC-EVs.
We
found
intravenous
administration
attenuated
mice.
Also,
significantly
inhibited
osteoclast
differentiation
macrophages
promoted
migration
marrow-derived
MSCs
(BM-MSCs).
However,
OPG-depleted
did
not
show
anti-osteoclastogenesis
effects,
demonstrating
OPG
critical
for
Additionally,
small
RNA
sequencing
data
analysed
identify
miRNA
candidates
anti-osteoporosis
effects.
miR-21-5p
through
Acvr2a
down-regulation.
let-7b-5p
reduced
expression
genes
osteoclastogenesis.
Finally,
reached
tissue
after
they
injected
intravenously,
remained
longer.
OPG,
miR-21-5p,
inhibit
reduce
gene
suggesting
promising
agents
treatment.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(9), С. 2241 - 2241
Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2021
Intervertebral
disc
degeneration
(IVDD)
occurs
as
a
result
of
an
imbalance
the
anabolic
and
catabolic
processes
in
intervertebral
disc,
leading
to
alteration
composition
extracellular
matrix
(ECM),
loss
nucleus
pulposus
(NP)
cells,
excessive
oxidative
stress
inflammation.
Degeneration
IVD
naturally
with
age,
but
mechanical
trauma,
lifestyle
factors
certain
genetic
abnormalities
can
increase
likelihood
symptomatic
disease
progression.
IVDD,
often
referred
degenerative
(DDD),
poses
increasingly
substantial
financial
burden
due
aging
population
increasing
incidence
obesity
United
States.
Current
treatments
for
IVDD
include
pharmacological
surgical
interventions,
these
lack
ability
stop
progression
restore
functionality
IVD.
Biological
therapies
have
been
evaluated
show
varying
degrees
efficacy
reversing
long-term.
Stem
cell-based
shown
promising
results
regeneration
IVD,
face
both
biological
ethical
limitations.
Exosomes
play
important
role
intercellular
communication,
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
maintain
therapeutic
benefit
their
origin
cells
without
associated
risks.
This
review
highlights
current
state
research
on
use
stem-cell
derived
treatment
IVDD.
Cell Biology International,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
45(9), С. 1807 - 1831
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2021
Exosomes
are
nano-sized
bioactive
vesicles
of
30-150
nm
in
diameter.
They
secreted
by
exocytosis
nearly
all
type
cells
to
the
extracellular
fluid.
Thereby,
they
can
be
found
many
biological
fluids.
regulate
intracellular
communication
between
via
delivery
their
cargo
which
include
lipids,
proteins,
and
nucleic
acid.
Many
desirable
features
exosomes
made
them
promising
candidates
several
therapeutic
applications.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
use
as
diagnostic
tools
possible
biomedical
Additionally,
current
techniques
used
for
isolation,
purification,
characterization
from
both
fluids
vitro
cell
cultures
were
discussed.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2023
Abstract
Background
Intra-articular
injection
of
mesenchymal
stromal
cells
(MSCs)
with
immunomodulatory
features
and
their
paracrine
secretion
regenerative
factors
proposed
a
noninvasive
therapeutic
modality
for
cartilage
regeneration
in
knee
osteoarthritis
(KOA).
Methods
Total
number
40
patients
KOA
enrolled
two
groups.
Twenty
received
intra-articular
100
×
10
6
allogeneic
adipose-derived
(AD-MSCs),
20
as
control
group
placebo
(normal
saline).
Questionnaire-based
measurements,
certain
serum
biomarkers,
some
cell
surface
markers
were
evaluated
1
year.
Magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
before
year
after
was
performed
to
measure
possible
changes
the
articular
cartilage.
Results
Forty
allocated
including
4
men
(10%)
36
women
(90%)
average
age
56.1
±
7.2
years
52.8
7.5
AD-MSCs
group.
Four
(two
from
group)
excluded
during
study.
Clinical
outcome
measures
showed
improvement
Hyaluronic
acid
oligomeric
matrix
protein
levels
blood
decreased
significantly
who
(
P
<
0.05).
Although
IL-10
level
increased
week
0.05),
inflammatory
dramatically
3
months
0.001).
Expressions
CD3,
CD4,
CD8
have
decreasing
trend
6-month
follow-up
0.001),
respectively.
However,
CD25
+
remarkably
treatment
intervention
0.005).
MRI
findings
slight
increase
thickness
tibial
femoral
cartilages
The
significant
medial
posterior
anterior
areas
the
tibia
0.01
0.05,
Conclusion
Inter-articular
is
safe.
Laboratory
data,
findings,
clinical
examination
at
different
time
points
notable
Trial
registration
:
Iranian
registry
trials
(IRCT,
https://en.irct.ir/trial/46
),
IRCT20080728001031N23.
Registered
24
April
2018.
