Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2022

Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes death worldwide, and factors responsible for its progression need to be elucidated. Exosomes are structures with an average size 100 nm that can transport proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. This review focuses on role exosomes in cancer therapy. We discuss how able modulate components tumor microenvironment influence proliferation migration rates cells. also highlight that, depending their cargo, suppress or promote cell enhance reduce response radio- chemo-therapies. In addition, we describe trigger chronic inflammation lead immune evasion by focusing ability transfer non-coding RNAs between cells other molecular signaling pathways such as PTEN PI3K/Akt cancer. Subsequently, use carriers anti-tumor agents genetic tools control progression. then tumor-derived carcinogenesis. Finally, devote a section study diagnostic prognostic clinical courses important treatment patients. provides comprehensive understanding therapy, therapeutic value remodeling microenvironment. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications

Theranostics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(15), С. 6548 - 6575

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and a promising drug delivery platform.They involved nearly all physiological pathological processes disease diagnosis therapy.However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications.To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield purity, will certainly facilitate future study application.This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used cutting-edge technologies isolation makes deep comparison analysis different methods, including advantages, limitations applications.Pending questions about the inherent property these well strategies discussed.Additionally, an overview applications treatment, some on-going trials, also reviewed.

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2023

Abstract Tendon–bone insertion (TBI) injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament injury and rotator cuff injury, are the most common soft tissue injuries. In situations, surgical tendon/ligament reconstruction is necessary for treating However, a significant number of cases failed because healing enthesis occurs through scar formation rather than regeneration transitional tissue. recent years, therapeutic potential mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been well documented in animal clinical studies, chronic paraplegia, non-ischemic heart failure, osteoarthritis knee. MSCs multipotent cells, which have self-renewability ability to differentiate into wide variety chondrocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes. Numerous studies suggested that could promote angiogenesis cell proliferation, reduce inflammation, produce large bioactive molecules involved repair. These effects likely mediated by paracrine mechanisms MSCs, particularly release exosomes. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) with lipid bilayer membrane structure, naturally released various types. They play an essential role intercellular communication transferring lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, mRNAs miRNAs, between influence physiological pathological processes recipient cells. Exosomes shown facilitate repair regeneration. Herein, we discuss prospective applications MSC-derived exosomes TBI We also review roles MSC–EVs underlying their on promoting tendon–bone healing. At last, present challenges future research directions. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve natural carriers for therapeutic agents drugs, have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, blood – brain barrier penetration, capacity gene delivery. This review first introduces classification of EVs then discusses several currently popular methods isolating purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, functionalization carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues development EVs-based strategies in different fields medicine. Finally, highlights some challenges future perspectives with regard to clinical application EVs. Graphical

Язык: Английский

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Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(9), С. 1375 - 1375

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous structures secreted by cells. They comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes, carry a range nucleic acids proteins that necessary for cell-to-cell communication via interaction on the cells surface. initiate intracellular signaling pathways or transference cargo molecules, which elicit pleiotropic responses in recipient physiological processes, as well pathological such cancer. It is therefore important to understand molecular means EVs taken up into Accordingly, this review summarizes underlying mechanisms involved EV targeting uptake. The primary method entry appears be endocytosis, where clathrin-mediated, caveolae-dependent, macropinocytotic, phagocytotic, raft-mediated uptake have been variously described being prevalent. may depend lipids found surfaces both target As shown contribute cancer growth progression, further exploration gateways utilized internalize tumor assist prevention deceleration pathogenesis.

Язык: Английский

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The therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2022

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy is a novel treatment strategy for cancer and wide range of diseases with an excessive immune response such as ulcerative colitis (UC), due to its powerful immunomodulatory properties capacity tissue regeneration repair. One the promising therapeutic options can focus on MSC-secreted exosomes (MSC-Exo), which have been identified type paracrine interaction. In light variety recent experimental studies, present review aims seek research advances therapies based MSC-Exo treating UC colorectal (CRC). Methods A systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar was performed from inception December 2021 using terms [(“colorectal cancer” OR “bowel “colon “rectal cancer”) AND (exosome) (stem cell) (“inflammatory bowel disease” “Crohn's “colitis”)] titles abstracts. Findings Exosomes derived various sources MSCs, including human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs), adipose-derived (hAD-MSCs), bone marrow-derived (hBM-MSCs), olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs), shown protective role against CRC. hUC-MSCs, hBM-MSCs, AD-MSCs, OE-MSCs found ameliorate through suppressing inflammatory macrophages, Th1/Th17 cells, reducing expression proinflammatory cytokines, well inducing anti-inflammatory function Treg Th2 enhancing cytokines. addition, hBM-MSC-Exo hUC-MSC-Exo containing tumor-suppressive miRs (miR-3940-5p/miR-22-3p/miR‐16‐5p) suppress proliferation, migration, invasion CRC via regulation RAP2B/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway ITGA2/ITGA6. Key messages The exert beneficial effects two different mechanisms modulating responses anti-tumor responses, respectively.

Язык: Английский

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The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as microRNAs delivery systems in different diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2023

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA. Moreover, it has been shown miRNAs changed in various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune disease, infectious and neurodegenerative Diseases. The suppression miRNA function can be easily attained utilizing anti-miRNAs. In contrast, an enhancement achieved through the utilization modified mimetics. discovery appropriate carriers body become interesting subject for investigators. Exosomes (EXOs) therapeutic efficiency safety transferring different cellular biological components to recipient cell have attracted significant attention their capability carriers. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recognized generate wide range EXOs (MSC-EXOs), showing MSCs may effective EXO generation clinically measure compared other origins. MSC-EXOs widely investigated because immune attributes, tumor-homing flexible characteristics. this article, we summarized features MSC-EXOs, including production, purification, loading methods modification targeted delivery diseases. Graphical abstract

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of exosomes as biologic medicines: Regulatory challenges faced in exosome development and manufacturing processes

Clinical and Translational Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Abstract With advances in medical technology, extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes, are gaining widespread attention because of their potential therapeutic applications. However, regulatory landscape is complex and varies across countries unique intracellular mechanisms action. The diversity manufacturing techniques renders standardization challenging, leading to a fragmented landscape. current global framework exosomes can be broadly classified into two strategies: one involves elucidating constituent components within the other examining physiological repercussions secretion. When using agents, they should governed similarly biological medicinal products. Similar biologics, have been analyzed determine particle size protein composition. An exosome‐based agent clinically approved after understanding its molecular composition structure demonstrating pharmacokinetics efficacy. efficacy challenging for agencies. This article reviews technical characteristics analyzes trends laws various countries, discusses chemistry, manufacturing, control requirements clinical

Язык: Английский

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MiRNA 24-3p-rich exosomes functionalized DEGMA-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels for corneal epithelial healing

Bioactive Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25, С. 640 - 656

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

The damage of corneal epithelium may lead to the formation irreversible opacities and even blindness. migration rate epithelial cells directly affects repair. Here, we explored ocu-microRNA 24-3p (miRNA 24-3p) that can promote rabbit cornea Exosomes, an excellent transport carrier, were exacted from adipose derived mesenchymal stem for loading with miRNA prepare 24-3p-rich exosomes (Exos-miRNA 24-3p). It accelerate in vitro vivo. For application alkali burns, further modified hyaluronic acid di(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate (DEGMA) obtain a thermosensitive hydrogel, also reported DEGMA-modified hydrogel (THH) controlled release Exos-miRNA 24-3p. formed highly uniform clear thin layer on ocular surface resist clearance blinking extended drug-ocular-epithelium contact time. use THH-3/Exos-miRNA 28 days after burn injury accelerated defect healing maturation. reduced stromal fibrosis macrophage activation. MiRNA functionalized as multilevel delivery strategy has potential cell-free therapy regeneration.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They derived from endosomes and wrapped in lipid membranes. involved intracellular metabolism intercellular communication. contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites the cell microenvironment cytoplasm. The contents exosomes can reflect their cells' origin allow observation tissue changes states under disease conditions. Naturally have specific biomolecules act as "fingerprint" parent cells, changed pathological conditions be used biomarkers for diagnosis. low immunogenicity, small size, cross blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make unique engineering carriers. incorporate therapeutic drugs achieve targeted drug delivery. carriers therapy still infancy, but exosome provides a new perspective cell-free therapy. This review discussed relationship occurrence treatment some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications diagnosis disorders were evaluated this review.

Язык: Английский

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