Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025
Succinylation
represents
an
emerging
class
of
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs),
characterized
by
the
enzymatic
or
non-enzymatic
transfer
a
negatively
charged
four-carbon
succinyl
group
to
ϵ-amino
lysine
residues,
mediated
succinyl-coenzyme
A.
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
involvement
succinylation
in
various
diseases,
particularly
cancer
progression.
Sirtuin
5
(SIRT5),
member
sirtuin
family,
has
been
extensively
studied
for
its
robust
desuccinylase
activity,
alongside
deacetylase
function.
To
date,
only
limited
number
SIRT5
substrates
identified.
These
mediate
diverse
physiological
processes
such
as
glucose
oxidation,
fatty
acid
ammonia
detoxification,
reactive
oxygen
species
scavenging,
anti-apoptosis,
and
inflammatory
responses.
The
regulation
these
activities
can
occur
through
either
same
activity
acting
on
different
distinct
targeting
substrate.
Aberrant
expression
closely
linked
tumorigenesis
disease
progression;
however,
role
remains
controversial.
exhibits
dual
functionalities:
it
promote
tumor
proliferation,
metastasis,
drug
resistance,
metabolic
reprogramming,
thereby
oncogene;
conversely,
also
inhibit
cell
growth
induce
apoptosis,
functioning
suppressor
gene.
This
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
current
research
status
SIRT5.
We
discuss
structural
characteristics
regulatory
mechanisms,
compare
functions
with
other
family
members,
elucidate
mechanisms
regulating
activity.
Specifically,
we
focus
modification
progression,
highlighting
how
desuccinylation
modulates
development
delineating
underlying
involved.
Protein
posttranslational
modifications
(PTMs)
refer
to
the
breaking
or
generation
of
covalent
bonds
on
backbones
amino
acid
side
chains
proteins
and
expand
diversity
proteins,
which
provides
basis
for
emergence
organismal
complexity.
To
date,
more
than
650
types
protein
modifications,
such
as
most
well-known
phosphorylation,
ubiquitination,
glycosylation,
methylation,
SUMOylation,
short-chain
long-chain
acylation
redox
irreversible
have
been
described,
inventory
is
still
increasing.
By
changing
conformation,
localization,
activity,
stability,
charges,
interactions
with
other
biomolecules,
PTMs
ultimately
alter
phenotypes
biological
processes
cells.
The
homeostasis
important
human
health.
Abnormal
may
cause
changes
in
properties
loss
functions,
are
closely
related
occurrence
development
various
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
systematically
introduce
characteristics,
regulatory
mechanisms,
functions
health
addition,
therapeutic
prospects
diseases
by
targeting
associated
enzymes
also
summarized.
This
work
will
deepen
understanding
promote
discovery
diagnostic
prognostic
markers
drug
targets
Abstract
Histones
are
DNA‐binding
basic
proteins
found
in
chromosomes.
After
the
histone
translation,
its
amino
tail
undergoes
various
modifications,
such
as
methylation,
acetylation,
phosphorylation,
ubiquitination,
malonylation,
propionylation,
butyrylation,
crotonylation,
and
lactylation,
which
together
constitute
“histone
code.”
The
relationship
between
their
combination
biological
function
can
be
used
an
important
epigenetic
marker.
Methylation
demethylation
of
same
residue,
acetylation
deacetylation,
phosphorylation
dephosphorylation,
even
methylation
different
residues
cooperate
or
antagonize
with
each
other,
forming
a
complex
network.
Histone‐modifying
enzymes,
cause
numerous
codes,
have
become
hot
topic
research
on
cancer
therapeutic
targets.
Therefore,
thorough
understanding
role
post‐translational
modifications
(PTMs)
cell
life
activities
is
very
for
preventing
treating
human
diseases.
In
this
review,
several
most
thoroughly
studied
newly
discovered
PTMs
introduced.
Furthermore,
we
focus
histone‐modifying
enzymes
carcinogenic
potential,
abnormal
modification
sites
tumors,
multiple
essential
molecular
regulation
mechanism.
Finally,
summarize
missing
areas
current
point
out
direction
future
research.
We
hope
to
provide
comprehensive
promote
further
field.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(7), С. 6126 - 6126
Опубликована: Март 24, 2023
Pathogen-associated
molecular
patterns
(PAMPs)
and
danger-associated
(DAMPs)
induce
NLRP3
inflammasome
activation,
subsequent
formation
of
active
caspase-1
as
well
the
maturation
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)
gasdermin
D
(GSDMD),
mediating
occurrence
pyroptosis
inflammation.
Aberrant
activation
causes
a
variety
diseases.
Therefore,
pathway
is
target
for
prevention
treatment
relative
Recent
studies
have
suggested
that
activity
closely
associated
with
its
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs).
This
review
focuses
on
PTMs
components
resultant
effects
regulation
to
provide
references
exploration
mechanisms
by
which
activated
controlled.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(15), С. 12402 - 12402
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023
Stabilization
and
reusability
of
enzyme
transglutaminase
(TGM)
are
important
goals
for
the
enzymatic
process
since
immobilizing
TGM
plays
an
role
in
different
technologies
industries.
can
be
used
many
applications.
In
food
industry,
it
a
as
protein-modifying
enzyme,
while,
biotechnology
pharmaceutical
applications,
is
mediated
bioconjugation
due
to
its
extraordinary
crosslinking
ability.
TGMs
(EC
2.3.2.13)
enzymes
that
catalyze
formation
covalent
bond
between
free
amino
group
protein-bound
or
peptide-bound
lysine,
which
acts
acyl
acceptor,
γ-carboxamide
glutamine,
donor.
This
results
modification
proteins
through
either
intramolecular
intermolecular
crosslinking,
improves
use
respective
significantly.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Май 3, 2023
Abstract
Background
Bone
metastasis
is
the
leading
cause
of
death
in
patients
with
prostate
cancer
(PCa)
and
currently
has
no
effective
treatment.
Disseminated
tumor
cells
bone
marrow
often
obtain
new
characteristics
to
therapy
resistance
recurrence.
Thus,
understanding
status
disseminated
crucial
for
developing
a
Methods
We
analyzed
transcriptome
from
single
cell
RNA-sequencing
data
PCa
metastases.
built
model
through
caudal
artery
injection
cells,
sorted
hybrid
by
flow
cytometry.
performed
multi-omics
analysis,
including
transcriptomic,
proteomic
phosphoproteomic
compare
difference
between
parental
cells.
In
vivo
experiments
were
analyze
growth
rate,
metastatic
tumorigenic
potential,
drug
radiation
sensitivity
Single
CyTOF
impact
on
microenvironment.
Results
Here,
we
identified
unique
cluster
metastases,
which
expressed
myeloid
markers
showed
significant
change
pathways
related
immune
regulation
progression.
found
that
fusion
can
be
source
these
myeloid-like
Multi-omics
adhesion
proliferation,
such
as
focal
adhesion,
tight
junction,
DNA
replication,
cycle,
most
significantly
changed
experiment
had
increased
proliferative
potential.
tumor-associated
neutrophils/monocytes/macrophages
highly
enriched
cells-induced
microenvironment
higher
immunosuppressive
capacity.
Otherwise,
an
enhanced
EMT
phenotype
tumorigenicity,
resistant
docetaxel
ferroptosis,
but
sensitive
radiotherapy.
Conclusion
Taken
together,
our
demonstrate
spontaneous
generate
promote
progression
metastasis,
population
provide
potential
therapeutic
target
metastasis.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2023
As
critical
executors
regulating
many
cellular
operations,
proteins
determine
whether
living
activities
can
be
performed
in
an
orderly
and
efficient
manner.
Precursor
are
inert
must
modified
posttranslationally
to
enable
a
wide
range
of
protein
types
functions.
Protein
posttranslational
modifications
(PTMs)
well
recognized
as
being
directly
associated
with
carcinogenesis
immune
modulation
have
emerged
important
targets
for
cancer
detection
treatment.
Lactylation
(Kla),
novel
PTM
metabolism
found
cells,
interacts
both
histone
nonhistone
proteins.
Unlike
other
epigenetic
changes,
Kla
has
been
linked
poor
tumor
prognosis
all
current
studies.
Histone
affect
gene
expression
tumors
immunological
thereby
promoting
malignancy
immunosuppression.
Nonhistone
also
regulate
progression
treatment
resistance
through
Kla.
In
this
review,
we
aimed
summarize
the
role
onset
cancers,
metabolic
reprogramming,
immunosuppression,
intestinal
flora
regulation
identify
new
molecular
therapy
provide
direction
combined
targeted
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023
Protein
post-translational
modification
(PTM)
is
a
regulatory
mechanism
for
protein
activity
modulation,
localization,
expression,
and
interactions
with
other
cellular
molecules.
It
involves
the
addition
or
removal
of
specific
chemical
groups
on
amino
acid
residues
proteins.
Its
common
forms
include
phosphorylation,
ubiquitylation,
methylation,
acetylation.
Emerging
research
has
highlighted
lactylation,
succinylation,
glycosylation.
PTMs
are
involved
in
vital
biological
processes.
The
occurrence
development
diseases
depends
abundance
regulated
by
various
PTMs.
In
addition,
advancements
tumor
immunotherapy
have
revealed
that
PTM
also
proliferation,
activation,
metabolic
reprogramming
immune
cells
microenvironment.
These
play
an
important
role
immunotherapy.
this
review,
we
comprehensively
summarize
several
types
This
review
could
provide
new
insights
future
directions
