Comprehensive Review of Uterine Fibroids: Developmental Origin, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

Endocrine Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 43(4), С. 678 - 719

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2021

Abstract Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the myometrium, representing most common tumors in women worldwide. To date, no long-term or noninvasive treatment option exists for hormone-dependent uterine fibroids, due to limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and development fibroids. This paper comprehensively summarizes recent research advances on focusing risk factors, origin, pathogenetic mechanisms, options. Additionally, we describe current interventions Finally, future perspectives studies summarized. Deeper mechanistic insights into tumor etiology complexity can contribute progress newer targeted therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in NAFLD: Role of Nutrients and Food Contaminants

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(12), С. 1702 - 1702

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often the hepatic expression of metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities that comprise, among others, obesity insulin-resistance. NAFLD involves a large spectrum clinical conditions. These range from steatosis, benign disorder characterized by accumulation fat in hepatocytes, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which inflammation, hepatocyte damage, fibrosis. NASH can further progress cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma. The etiology both genetic environmental factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle. Of note, eating clearly associated with development progression NASH. Both macronutrients (sugars, lipids, proteins) micronutrients (vitamins, phytoingredients, antioxidants) affect pathogenesis. Furthermore, some evidence indicates disruption homeostasis food contaminants, are risk factor candidates NAFLD. At molecular level, several models have been proposed for pathogenesis Most importantly, oxidative stress mitochondrial damage reported be causative initiation progression. aim this review provide overview contribution nutrients especially pesticides, how they may influence

Язык: Английский

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Bisphenol A and Phthalates in Diet: An Emerging Link with Pregnancy Complications

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(2), С. 525 - 525

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2020

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that able to interfere with hormone action, likely contributing the development of several endocrine and metabolic diseases. Among them, Bisphenol A (BPA) phthalates contaminate food water have been largely studied as obesogenic agents. They might contribute weight gain, insulin resistance pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in pregnancy, potentially playing a role pregnancy complications, such gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), adverse outcomes. Pregnancy childhood sensitive windows susceptibility, and, although not univocal results, preclinical clinical studies suggested exposure BPA at these stages life an impact on diseases even many years later. The molecular mechanisms underlying this association unknown, but adipocyte suspected be involved. Remarkably, transgenerational damage has observed, which explained by epigenetic changes. Further research is needed address knowledge gaps provide preventive measure limit health risks connected EDCs.

Язык: Английский

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Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances and Cancer

Cancers, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(12), С. 2919 - 2919

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2022

Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are chemicals that persist bioaccumulate in the environment found nearly all human populations through several routes of exposure. Human occupational community exposure to PFAS has been associated with cancers, including cancers kidney, testis, prostate, liver. While evidence suggests not directly mutagenic, many diverse mechanisms carcinogenicity have proposed. In this mini-review, we organize these into three major proposed pathways action—metabolism, endocrine disruption, epigenetic perturbation—and discuss how distinct but interdependent may explain pro-carcinogenic effects class environmental contaminants. Notably, each is predicted be highly sensitive dose window which may, part, variable epidemiologic experimental linking cancer. We highlight testicular prostate cancer as models validate concept.

Язык: Английский

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(19), С. 11899 - 11899

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2022

Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize discuss what we know still need to learn about EDCs' pathogenic mechanisms action, well effects most common EDCs on system health in childhood. The MEDLINE database (PubMed) was searched 13 May 2022, filtering for EDCs, diseases, children. are a group compounds high heterogeneity, but usually disrupt by mimicking interfering hormones body's hormonal balance through other mechanisms. Individual studied detail, while humans' "cocktail effect" is unclear. In utero, early postnatal life, and/or pubertal development highly susceptible periods exposure. Human epidemiological studies suggest that affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity, puberty, fertility several Further needed clarify which mainly act epigenetic processes. A better understanding human crucial developing future regulatory strategies prevent exposure ensure children today, generations, environment.

Язык: Английский

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Cumulative Exposure to Phthalates and Their Alternatives and Associated Female Reproductive Health: Body Burdens, Adverse Outcomes, and Underlying Mechanisms

Environmental Science & Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57(22), С. 8189 - 8212

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

The global birth rate has recently shown a decreasing trend, and exposure to environmental pollutants been identified as potential factor affecting female reproductive health. Phthalates have widely used plasticizers in plastic containers, children's toys, medical devices, their ubiquitous presence endocrine-disrupting already raised particular concerns. Phthalate linked various adverse health outcomes, including diseases. Given that many phthalates are gradually being banned, growing number of phthalate alternatives becoming popular, such di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), terephthalate (DEHTP), they beginning wide range effects. Studies may disrupt function by altering the estrous cycle, causing ovarian follicular atresia, prolonging gestational which raises concerns about risks. Herein, we summarize effects common different models, levels influence system, on impairment, pregnancy offspring development. Additionally, scrutinize hormone signaling, oxidative stress, intracellular signaling explore underlying mechanisms action health, because these chemicals affect tissues directly or indirectly through endocrine disruption. declining trends capacity ability negatively impact more comprehensive study is needed understand human body mechanisms. These findings an important role improving turn complications during pregnancy.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of DEHP exposure on female reproductive health: Insights into uterine effects

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 107, С. 104391 - 104391

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Seasonal variability and risk evaluation of emerging organic contaminants in European river: linking in silico and in vitro approaches to prioritize hazardous EOCs

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 120840 - 120840

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of CAR and PXR Expression in Health and Disease

Cells, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(11), С. 2395 - 2395

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2020

Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane (CAR, NR1I3) are members of the nuclear superfamily that mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Their functions have long been associated with regulation drug metabolism disposition, it is now well established they implicated in physiological pathological conditions. Considerable efforts made to understand their activity by cognate ligand; however, additional regulatory mechanisms, among which expression, modulate pleiotropic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge on CAR PXR expression during development adult life; tissue distribution; spatial, temporal, metabolic regulations; situations, including chronic diseases cancers. The modulated complex mechanisms involve interplay factors also post-transcriptional epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many environmental stimuli affect through not elucidated.

Язык: Английский

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The role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in uterine fibroid pathogenesis

Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 27(6), С. 380 - 387

Опубликована: Окт. 10, 2020

Purpose of review Uterine leiomyoma (fibroids) is a gynecologic disorder impacting the majority women in United States. When symptomatic, these noncancerous tumors can cause severe morbidity including pelvic pain, menorrhagia, and infertility. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may represent modifiable risk factor. The aim this to summarize recent human experimental evidence on EDCs exposures fibroids. Recent findings Multiple are associated with fibroid outcomes and/or processes phthalates, parabens, environmental phenols, alternate plasticizers, Diethylstilbestrol, organophosphate esters, tributyltin. Epidemiologic studies suggest exposure certain EDCs, such as di-(2-ethylhxyl)-phthalate (DEHP), increased severity. Both indicate that epigenetic play an important role linking pathogenesis. In-vitro in-vivo show DEHP, bisphenol A, diethylstilbestrol impact biological pathways critical Summary While research fibroids still evolving, suggests EDC contribute progression. Further needed examine impacts mixtures identify windows exposure. These results could open door new prevention strategies for

Язык: Английский

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