Gut and genital tract microbiomes: Dysbiosis and link to gynecological disorders

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

Every year, millions of women are affected by genital tract disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), endometrial cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and uterine fibroids (UFs). These disorders pose a significant economic burden on healthcare systems have serious implications for health fertility outcomes. This review explores the relationships between gut, vaginal, dysbiosis pathogenesis various diseases female tract. In recent years, reproductive clinicians scientists focused microbiome to investigate its role in prevention diseases. Recent studies microbiomes identified patterns composition changes across individuals' lives associated with specific healthy diseased states, particularly regarding effects estrogen-gut axis estrogen-driven (such UFs) estrogen deficiency PCOS). Furthermore, this discusses contribution vitamin D gut altered metabolism well how these play key roles UFs. More research influences is vital.

Язык: Английский

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Global, regional, and national time trends in incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability for uterine fibroids, 1990–2019: an age-period-cohort analysis for the global burden of disease 2019 study

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Май 19, 2023

Abstract Background Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm of uterus and a major source morbidity for women. We report an overview trends in uterine incidence rate, prevalence years lived with disability (YLDs) rate 204 countries territories over past 30 associations age, period, birth cohort. Methods The incident case, age-standardized (ASR) incidence, prevalent ASR prevalence, number YLDs, YLD YLDs were derived from Global Burden Disease 2019 (GBD 2019) study. utilized age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate overall annual percentage changes (net drifts), 10 14 65–69 (local period cohort relative risks (period/cohort effects) between 1990 2019. Results Globally, cases, increased growth 67.07%, 78.82% 77.34%, respectively. High Socio-demographic Index (SDI) high-middle SDI quintiles decreasing drift < 0.0%), increasing > 0.0%) observed middle SDI, low-middle low change years. There 186 that showed trend 183 174 rate. Moreover, effects age on peaked at 35–44 then declined advancing age. Both recent 15 later than 1965. Conclusions global burden is becoming more serious quintiles. Raising awareness fibroids, medical investment improving levels care necessary reduce future burden.

Язык: Английский

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Contemporary evaluation of women and girls with abnormal uterine bleeding: FIGO Systems 1 and 2

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 162(S2), С. 29 - 42

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Abstract Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common, often debilitating, and may affect over 50% of reproductive‐aged women girls. Whereas AUB a collection symptoms that include intermenstrual abnormalities in period duration, cycle length, regularity, it heavy menstrual (HMB) most contributory to iron deficiency related anemia. It apparent AUB, general, HMB, particular, remain underrecognized underreported. FIGO created two systems for assessing classifying AUB. System 1 defines the pattern using four primary descriptors: frequency, flow volume. 2 provides structured classification system possible causes acronym PALM‐COEIN. “PALM” refers structural (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy), “COEI” nonstructural (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic). The “N” reserved those entities are currently not otherwise classified. Using as gateway streamlines investigation girls with Understanding pathogenesis “PALM‐COEIN” helps interpret investigations onward management Numerous evidence gaps exist concerning AUB; however, if researchers trialists universally adopt Systems assessment diagnosis clear translatable research findings can be applied globally.

Язык: Английский

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Progesterone Signaling and Uterine Fibroid Pathogenesis; Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutics

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(8), С. 1117 - 1117

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2023

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most important benign neoplastic threat to women’s health worldwide, with a prevalence of up 80% in premenopausal women, and can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, infertility. Progesterone signaling plays crucial role development growth UFs. promotes proliferation UF cells by activating several pathways genetically epigenetically. In this review article, we reviewed literature covering progesterone pathogenesis further discussed therapeutic potential compounds that modulate against UFs, including selective receptor modulator (SPRM) drugs natural compounds. Further studies needed confirm safety SPRMs as well their exact molecular mechanisms. The consumption anti-UFs treatment seems promising, since these be used on long-term basis—especially for women pursuing concurrent pregnancy, unlike SPRMs. However, clinical trials effectiveness.

Язык: Английский

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The modern management of uterine fibroids-related abnormal uterine bleeding

Fertility and Sterility, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 122(1), С. 20 - 30

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common female benign pelvic tumors, affecting >60% of patients aged 30-44 years. asymptomatic in a large percentage cases and may be identified incidentally using transvaginal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging scan. However, approximately 30% cases, UFs affect quality life women's health, with abnormal uterine bleeding heavy menstrual being complaints, along iron deficiency (ID) ID anemia. Medical treatments used for UFs-related include symptomatic agents, such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs tranexamic acid, hormonal therapies, including combined oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists antagonists, levonorgestrel intrauterine systems, selective progesterone receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors. Nevertheless, few approved specifically UF treatment, them manage symptoms. Surgical options fertility-sparing treatments, myomectomy, nonconservative options, hysterectomy, especially perimenopausal women who not responding to any treatment. Radiologic interventions also available: artery embolization, high-intensity focused resonance-guided ultrasound, radiofrequency ablation. Furthermore, management anemia, consequence acute chronic bleeding, should taken into account use replacement therapy both during medical treatment before after surgical procedure. In case UFs, location, size, multiple coexistent adenomyosis guide choice shared decision-making process, considering long- short-term goals expected by patient, pregnancy desire wish preserve uterus independently reproductive goals.

Язык: Английский

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Epigallocatechin Gallate for the Treatment of Benign and Malignant Gynecological Diseases—Focus on Epigenetic Mechanisms

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(4), С. 559 - 559

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2024

The most common malignant gynecologic diseases are cervical, uterine, ovarian, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Among them, ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other of the female reproductive system. A great number women suffer from endometriosis, uterine fibroids (UFs), adenomyosis, dysmenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which widespread benign health problems causing troublesome painful symptoms significantly impairing quality life affected women, they some main infertility. In addition to available surgical pharmacological options, effects supporting standard treatment with naturally occurring compounds, mainly polyphenols, being studied. Catechins responsible for majority potential benefits attributed green tea consumption. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is considered a non-toxic, natural compound anticancer properties. Antioxidant action its function, but attention also drawn participation in cell division inhibition, apoptosis stimulation epigenetic regulation. this narrative review, we describe role EGCG consumption preventing development disorders such as UF, PCOS, well conditions. We discuss possible mechanisms that may be related EGCG.

Язык: Английский

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Hair Straightener Use in Relation to Prevalent and Incident Fibroids in the Sister Study with a Focus on Black Women

Environmental Health Perspectives, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 133(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Uterine fibroids disproportionately affect Black women, and exposure to chemicals from hair relaxers or straighteners ("straighteners") may contribute fibroid development. We examined the association between straightener use prevalent young-onset uterine (diagnosed before age 36 y), as well incident 36-60 with a focus on women. also differences in associations across birth cohorts proxies for formulation changes. Data 4,162 women Sister Study, prospective cohort of 35-74 y (enrolled 2003-2009), were analyzed. used logistic regression estimate odds ratios (ORs) at 10-13 self-reported fibroids. Cox assess hazard (HRs) (age 12 months enrollment) among 779 premenopausal Similar analyses conducted 40,782 non-Hispanic White Over 70% straighteners. In comparison no use, any [OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96, 1.36] frequent (OR=1.18; CI: 0.99, 1.42) associated This was most apparent those born 1928 1945 (OR=1.78; 1.15, 2.74) 1965-1974 (OR=1.64; 0.82, 3.29). Fibroid incidence 60 modestly [hazard ratio (HR)=1.14; 0.81, 1.63] prior enrollment (HR=1.32; 0.88, 2.00). Among similarly (OR=1.23; 1.03, 1.47) despite lower (≤5%) Sensitivity indicated potential bias due misclassification, an overestimation effect likely if nulliparous households education reported their status less accurately. Hair be positively risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14493.

Язык: Английский

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Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Thrombolytic, Hemolytic Activity In Vitro and In Silico Potential of Portulacaria afra

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(8), С. 2377 - 2377

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022

The use of complementary herbal medicines has recently increased in an attempt to find effective alternative therapies that reduce the adverse effects chemical drugs. Portulacaria afra is a rich source phytochemicals with high antioxidant activity, and thus may possess health benefits. This study used latest developments GC-MS coupling molecular docking techniques identify quantify phytoconstituents P. tissue extracts. results revealed n-butanol (BUT-PA) dry extracts contained total phenolic flavonoids contents 21.69 ± 0.28 mgGAE/g 196.58 6.29 mgGAE/g, respectively. significant potential antioxidants was observed through CUPRIC, FRAP, ABTS methods while DPPH method showed moderate for afra. Enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase catalase also better response BUT-PA thrombolytic activity ranged from 0.4 0.32 11.2 0.05%. Similarly, hemolytic 5.76 0.15 9.26 0.15% using standard (triton x) method. BUTPA CHPA acetylcholinesterase butrylcholinesterase inhibition, ranging 40.78 0.52 58.97 0.33, compared galantamine. carrageenan induced hind-paw edema assay, anti-inflammatory properties dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, 20 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Molecular performed explore synergistic effect GC-MS-identified on COX-1 COX-2 inhibition. A binding affinity Stigmastan-3, 5-diene, Phthalic acid, 3. Alpha-Hydroxy-5, 16-androstenol. computed energies all have effect, preventing inflammation. It concluded active present afra, multiple pharmacological applications as latent pharmaceutically important compounds. should be further explored isolate secondary metabolites can employed treatment different diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Uterine Fibroids: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(4), С. 807 - 807

Опубликована: Март 26, 2023

In the last few decades, our understanding of complex pathobiology uterine fibroid development has grown. While previously believed to be a purely neoplastic entity, we now understand that fibroids possess different and equally important aspects their genesis. An increasing body evidence suggests oxidative stress, imbalance between pro- antioxidants, is an factor in development. Oxidative stress controlled by multiple, interconnecting cascades, including angiogenesis, hypoxia, dietary factors. turn influences through genetic, epigenetic, profibrotic mechanisms. This unique aspect introduced several clinical implications, both diagnostic therapeutic, can aid us managing these debilitating tumors using biomarkers as well pharmaceutical antioxidants for diagnosis treatment. review strives summarize add current revealing relationship elucidating proposed mechanisms implications.

Язык: Английский

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Update on the Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Extracellular Matrix in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(6), С. 5778 - 5778

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Uterine fibroids (UFs), also known as leiomyomas, are benign tumors of the myometrium affecting over 70% women worldwide, particularly color. Although benign, UFs associated with significant morbidity; they primary indication for hysterectomy and a major source gynecologic reproductive dysfunction, ranging from menorrhagia pelvic pain to infertility, recurrent miscarriage, preterm labor. So far, molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenesis still quite limited. A knowledge gap needs be filled help develop novel strategies that will ultimately facilitate development therapies improve UF patient outcomes. Excessive ECM accumulation aberrant remodeling crucial fibrotic diseases excessive deposition is central characteristics UFs. This review summarizes recent progress ascertaining biological functions regulatory in UFs, perspective factors regulating production, ECM-mediated signaling, pharmacological drugs targeting accumulation. In addition, we provide current state by discussing regulation emerging role extracellular matrix applications. Comprehensive deeper insights into alterations interactions cellular events treat patients this common tumor.

Язык: Английский

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