Modelling the association between neutralizing antibody levels and SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics : implications to define correlates of protection against infection DOI Creative Commons
Guillaume Lingas, Delphine Planas, Hélène Péré

и другие.

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 6, 2023

Abstract Background While anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics have been well described in large populations of vaccinated individuals, we still poorly understand how they evolve during a natural infection and this impacts viral clearance. Methods For that purpose, analyzed the both load neutralizing levels prospective cohort individuals acute by Alpha variant. Results Using mathematical model, show progressive increase antibodies leads to shortening half-life infected cells infectious particles. We estimated activity reached 90% its maximal level within 8 days after symptoms onset could reduce virus 6-fold factor, thus playing key role achieve rapid conducted simulation study predict more general context protection conferred existence pre-existing neutralization, due either vaccination or prior infection. predicted activity, as measured ED 50 >10 3 , 50% risk having detectable standard PCR assays 99% above threshold cultivable virus. Conclusions This value for be used identify with poor against disease acquisition.

Язык: Английский

Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Delphine Planas, Timothée Bruel, Isabelle Staropoli

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

Abstract Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. BQ.1.1. The subvariant BQ.1.1 became predominant in many countries December 2022. subvariants carry an additional often redundant set mutations spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure easily isolate strains. We examined their sensitivity 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab Imdevimab) Evusheld (Cilgavimab Tixagevimab) lose antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remaine weakly active. is also resistant Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers triply vaccinated individuals are low undetectable 4 months after boosting. A infection increases these titers, which remains about 18-fold lower than BA.1. Reciprocally, more efficiently neutralization BA.2.75.2. Thus, trajectory novel facilitates spread immunized populations raises concerns most available mAbs.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

169
Distinct evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 lineages combining increased fitness and antibody evasion DOI Creative Commons
Delphine Planas, Isabelle Staropoli, Vincent Michel

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 13, 2024

Abstract The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence novel viral sublineages. Here, we isolate and characterize XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16.1, EG.5.1.1, EG.5.1.3, XBF, BA.2.86.1 JN.1 variants, representing >80% circulating variants in January 2024. XBB subvariants carry few but recurrent mutations spike, whereas harbor >30 additional changes. These replicate IGROV-1 no longer Vero E6 are not markedly fusogenic. They potently infect nasal epithelial cells, with EG.5.1.3 exhibiting highest fitness. Antivirals remain active. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses from vaccinees BA.1/BA.2-infected individuals lower compared BA.1, without major differences between variants. An breakthrough infection enhances NAb against both BA.2.86 displays affinity ACE2 higher immune evasion properties BA.2.86.1. Thus, while distinct, evolutionary trajectory these combines increased fitness evasion.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

128
Antigenic sin of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 vaccine shapes poor cross-neutralization of BA.4/5/2.75 subvariants in BA.2 breakthrough infections DOI Creative Commons
Bin Ju, Qing Fan, Miao Wang

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2022

Abstract With declining SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titers and increasing numbers of spike mutations, the ongoing emergence Omicron subvariants causes serious challenges to current vaccination strategies. BA.2 breakthrough infections have occurred in people who received wild-type vaccines, including mRNA, inactivated, or recombinant protein vaccines. Here, we evaluate evasion recently emerged BA.4/5 BA.2.75 two inactivated vaccine-immunized cohorts with infections. Compared neutralizing against BA.2, marked reductions are observed both 2-dose 3-dose vaccine groups. In addition, although induce a certain cross-neutralization capacity later subvariants, original antigenic sin phenomenon largely limits improvement variant-specific response. These findings suggest that seem unable provide sufficient protection such as immunization background

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

40
Distinct evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 lineages combining increased fitness and antibody evasion DOI Creative Commons
Delphine Planas, Isabelle Staropoli, Vincent Michel

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence novel viral sublineages. Here, we isolated and characterized XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16.1, EG.5.1.1, EG.5.1.3, XBF, BA.2.86.1 JN.1 variants, representing >80% circulating variants in January 2024. XBB subvariants carry few but recurrent mutations spike, whereas harbor >30 additional changes. These replicated IGROV-1 no longer Vero E6 were not markedly fusogenic. They potently infected nasal epithelial cells, with EG.5.1.3 exhibiting highest fitness. Antivirals remained active. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses from vaccinees BA.1/BA.2-infected individuals lower compared BA.1, without major differences between variants. An breakthrough infection enhanced NAb against both BA.2.86 displayed affinity ACE2 higher immune evasion properties BA.2.86.1. Thus, while distinct, evolutionary trajectory these combines increased fitness evasion.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

32
Omicron infection following vaccination enhances a broad spectrum of immune responses dependent on infection history DOI Creative Commons
Hailey Hornsby, Alexander R. Nicols, Stéphanie Longet

и другие.

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2023

Abstract Pronounced immune escape by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has resulted in many individuals possessing hybrid immunity, generated through a combination of vaccination and infection. Concerns have been raised that omicron breakthrough infections triple-vaccinated result poor induction omicron-specific prior infection is associated with dampening. Taking broad comprehensive approach, we characterize mucosal blood immunity to spike non-spike antigens following BA.1/BA.2 triple mRNA-vaccinated individuals, without We find most increase BA.1/BA.2/BA.5-specific neutralizing antibodies infection, but confirm magnitude post-omicron titres are higher infection-naive. In contrast, significant increases nasal responses, including activity against BA.5 spike, seen regardless history. Spike-specific T cells only infection-naive vaccinees; however, cell responses significantly previously-infected, who display maximally induced response highly cytotoxic CD8+ phenotype their 3 rd mRNA vaccine dose. Responses status. These findings suggest characterized enhancement can help protect future variants.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

30
Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection DOI Creative Commons
Shô Miyamoto, Takara Nishiyama, Akira Ueno

и другие.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 120(52)

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in epithelium and spreads rapidly other hosts. However, whether mucosal SARS-CoV-2-infected unknown. We examined relationship between viral RNA dynamics, duration shedding, antibody responses during infection. Anti-spike secretory IgA antibodies (S-IgA) reduced load infectivity more than anti-spike IgG/IgA nasopharyngeal samples. Compared response, S-IgA post-infection affected dynamics predicted regardless history. These findings highlight importance for preventing transmission. Developing medical countermeasures shorten response time may help control prevent future pandemics.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

24
Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6 and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies DOI Creative Commons
Delphine Planas, Timothée Bruel, Isabelle Staropoli

и другие.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Abstract Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. BQ.1.1. The subvariants BA.2.75.2 BQ.1.1 are expected become predominant in many countries November 2022. They carry an additional often redundant set mutations spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure easily isolate strains. We examined their sensitivity 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab Imdevimab) Evusheld (Cilgavimab Tixagevimab) lost any antiviral efficacy against BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remained weakly active. was also resistant Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers triply vaccinated individuals were low undetectable 4 months after boosting. A infection these titers, which about 18-fold lower than BA.1. Reciprocally, more efficiently neutralization BA.2.75.2. Thus, trajectory novel facilitated spread immunized populations raises concerns most currently available mAbs.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

31
Repeated COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccination contributes to SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses in the mucosa DOI
Jozefien Declercq, Sarah Gerlo, Sharon Van Nevel

и другие.

Science Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(770)

Опубликована: Окт. 23, 2024

To prevent infection by respiratory viruses and consequently limit virus circulation, vaccines need to promote mucosal immunity. The extent which the currently used messenger RNA (mRNA)–based COVID-19 induce immunity remains poorly characterized. We evaluated neutralizing antibody responses in a cohort of 183 individuals. Participants were sampled at several time points after primary adenovirus vector–based or mRNA-based vaccination booster vaccinations. Our findings revealed that repeated with mRNA boosters promoted severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies nasal secretions. Nasal serum titers both IgG IgA isotypes correlated one another. investigated source these mouse model wherein mice received for SARS-CoV-2. These experiments indicated antibody–producing cells reside spleen bone marrow, whereas no proof tissue homing mucosa was observed, despite detection antibodies. Serum transfer confirmed circulating able migrate mucosa. Collectively, results demonstrate that, especially upon vaccination, can elicit might also stimulate induced previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, migration be main mechanism. advance our understanding vaccine–induced have implications design vaccine strategies combat infections.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

5
Lung tissue-resident memory T cells: the gatekeeper to respiratory viral (re)-infection DOI Creative Commons
Jinyi Tang, Jie Sun

Current Opinion in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 80, С. 102278 - 102278

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

19
Incidence and severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection, a multicenter cohort study in Shanghai, China DOI
Weien Yu,

Yue Guo,

Tiantian Hu

и другие.

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(8)

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Abstract During March 2022 to January 2023, two Omicron waves hit Shanghai and caused a massive number of reinfections. To better understand the incidence clinical characteristics SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in Shanghai, China, we conducted multicenter cohort study. COVID‐19 patients first infected with BA.2 (March 1, 2022–May 23, 2022) who were quarantined Huashan Hospital, Renji Jing'an Central Hospital followed up for from June 31, 2023. Of 897 primary infections, 148 (16.5%) experienced reinfection. Incidence rate was 0.66 cases per 1000 person‐days. Female gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–3.83) risk factor The four most common symptoms reinfections during circulation BA.5 sublineages cough (62.59%), sore throat (54.42%), fatigue (48.98%), fever (42.57%). Having received booster vaccination not associated reduced severity comparison having vaccination. After matched 1:1 by age sex, found that had significantly lower occurrence fever, fatigue, throat, cough, as compared infections sublineages. less severe than same subvariant. Protection offered both previous infection poor against

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11