Antibiotic action and resistance: updated review of mechanisms, spread, influencing factors, and alternative approaches for combating resistance

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Antibiotics represent a frequently employed therapeutic modality for the management of bacterial infections across diverse domains, including human health, agriculture, livestock breeding, and fish farming. The efficacy antibiotics relies on four distinct mechanisms action, which are discussed in detail this review, along with accompanying diagrammatic illustrations. Despite their effectiveness, antibiotic resistance has emerged as significant challenge to treating infections. Bacteria have developed defense against antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. This review delves into specific that bacteria resist help Antibiotic can spread among through various routes, resulting previously susceptible becoming antibiotic-resistant. Multiple factors contribute worsening crisis resistance, misuse antibiotics. also emphasizes alternative solutions proposed mitigate exacerbation resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Recent Advances in Antibacterial Coatings to Combat Orthopedic Implant-Associated Infections

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(5), С. 1172 - 1172

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) represent a major health burden due to the complex structural features of biofilms and their inherent tolerance antimicrobial agents immune system. Thus, viable options eradicate embedded on medical implants are surgical operations long-term repeated antibiotic courses. Recent years have witnessed growing interest in development robust reliable strategies for prevention treatment IAIs. In particular, it seems promising develop materials with anti-biofouling antibacterial properties combating IAIs implants. this contribution, we exclusively focus recent advances modified functionalized implant surfaces inhibiting bacterial attachment eventually biofilm formation orthopedic Further, highlight progress coatings (including self-assembled nanocoatings) preventing Among recently introduced approaches efficient durable coatings, use safe biocompatible excellent activities local delivery combinatorial treating overcoming resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Structural and antibacterial activity of developed nano-bioceramic DD3/ZrO2/ZnO/CuO powders

Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 61(5), С. 837 - 853

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Biochemistry of Bacterial Biofilm: Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Intervention

Life, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 49 - 49

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Biofilms, composed of structured communities bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, pose significant challenge due to their heightened resistance antibiotics and immune responses. This review highlights the mechanisms underpinning antibiotic within bacterial biofilms, elucidating adaptive strategies employed by microorganisms withstand conventional antimicrobial agents. encompasses role altered gene expression, formation persister cells, contributing recalcitrance biofilms eradication. A comprehensive understanding these provides for exploring innovative therapeutic interventions. study explores promising avenues future research, emphasizing necessity uncovering specific genetic phenotypic adaptations occurring biofilms. The identification vulnerabilities biofilm architecture elucidation key biofilm-specific targets emerge as crucial focal points development targeted strategies. In addressing limitations traditional antibiotics, this discusses approaches. Nanomaterials with inherent properties, quorum-sensing inhibitors disrupting communication, bacteriophages viral agents are highlighted potential alternatives. exploration combination therapies, involving agents, biofilm-disrupting enzymes, immunomodulators, is emphasized enhance efficacy existing treatments overcome resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1), С. 90 - 90

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2025

For decades, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research has focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which identifies amyloid-beta (Aβ) as primary driver of disease. However, consistent failure Aβ-targeted therapies to demonstrate efficacy, coupled with significant safety concerns, underscores need rethink our approach AD treatment. Emerging evidence points microbial infections environmental factors in pathoetiology. Although a definitive causal link remains unestablished, collective is compelling. This review explores unconventional perspectives and emerging paradigms regarding involvement pathogenesis, emphasizing gut-brain axis, brain biofilms, oral microbiome, viral infections. Transgenic mouse models show that gut microbiota dysregulation precedes Aβ accumulation, signaling pathways. Viral like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead by modulating host processes immune system. peptide's antimicrobial function response infection might inadvertently promote AD. We discuss potential microbiome-based promising strategies for managing potentially preventing progression. Fecal transplantation (FMT) restores balance, reduces improves cognition preclinical models. Probiotics prebiotics reduce neuroinflammation plaques, while antiviral targeting HSV-1 vaccines shingles vaccine mitigate pathology. Developing effective treatments requires standardized methods identify measure patients, enabling personalized address individual contributions pathogenesis. Further needed clarify interactions between microbes Aβ, explore bacterial interplay, understand their broader effects translate these insights into clinical interventions.

Язык: Английский

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A review of chemical signaling pathways in the quorum sensing circuit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 254, С. 127861 - 127861

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Nanocarriers-Enabled Delivery of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Adjuvants to Overcome Bacterial Biofilms

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3), С. 396 - 396

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

The opportunistic bacteria growing in biofilms play a decisive role the pathogenesis of chronic infectious diseases. Biofilm-dwelling behave differently than planktonic and are likely to increase resistance tolerance antimicrobial therapeutics. Antimicrobial adjuvants have emerged as promising strategy combat (AMR) restore efficacy existing antibiotics. A combination antibiotics potential adjuvants, (e.g., extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-degrading enzymes quorum sensing inhibitors (QSI) can improve effects potentially reduce bacterial resistance). In addition, encapsulation antimicrobials within nanoparticulate systems their stability delivery into biofilms. Lipid nanocarriers (LNCs) been established having with adjuvants. Among them, liquid crystal nanoparticles (LCNPs), liposomes, solid lipid (SLNs), nanostructured carriers (NLCs) due superior properties compared traditional formulations, including greater biocompatibility, higher drug loading capacity, protection from chemical or enzymatic degradation, controlled release, targeted delivery, ease preparation, scale-up feasibility. This article reviews recent advances developing various LNCs co-deliver some well-studied combined different classes. treatments is against biofilms, synergistic therapeutics that deserve further investigation also highlighted. review identifies for therapies development. It discusses how LNC-enabled co-delivery advance current clinical treatments, leading innovative products, enabling reuse antibiotics, providing opportunities saving millions lives infections.

Язык: Английский

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Visible-Light-Responsive Novel Ru(II)-Metallo-Antibiotics with Potential Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activity

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(22), С. 28118 - 28133

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Growing challenges with antibiotic resistance pose immense in combating microbial infections and biofilm prevention on medical devices. Lately, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is now emerging as an alternative to overcome this problem. Herein, we synthesized characterized four Ru(II)-complexes, viz., [Ru(ph-tpy)(bpy)Cl]PF6 (Ru1), [Ru(ph-tpy)(dpq)Cl]PF6 (Ru2), [Ru(ph-tpy)(dppz)Cl]PF6 (Ru3), [Ru(ph-tpy)(dppn)Cl]PF6 (Ru4) (where 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine = ph-tpy; 2,2′-bipyridine bpy; dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline dpq; dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine dppz; Benzo[I]dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine dppn), among which Ru2–Ru4 are novel. Octahedral geometry of the complexes a RuN5Cl core was evident from crystal structure Ru2. Ru1–Ru4 showed MLCT absorption band 450–600 nm region, useful for aPDT performances. Further, optimum triplet excited state energy excellent photostability made them good photosensitizers aPDT. demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity visible-light exposure (400–700 nm, 10 J cm–2), confirmed using different assays. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition bacterial growth due generation oxidative stress (via NADH oxidation ROS generation) upon treatment Ru2–Ru4, resulting destruction wall. Ru2 performed best killing performance against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacteria when exposed light. coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) disk, long-term reusability durable antibiofilm properties. Molecular docking efficient interaction FabH (regulates fatty acid biosynthesis E. PgaB (gives structural stability helps formation coli), probable downregulation. In vivo healthy Wistar rats biocompatibility This study shows these lead (Ru2–Ru4) can be used potent agents low concentrations toward eradication (PDT).

Язык: Английский

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Tapping the biosynthetic potential of marine Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific sulphated exopolysaccharide producer: structural insights, bio-prospecting its antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency as a novel anti-infective lead

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

The escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance necessitates prospecting uncharted microbial biodiversity for novel therapeutic leads. This study mines the promising chemical richness Bacillus licheniformis LHG166, a prolific exopolysaccharide (EPSR2-7.22 g/L). It comprised 5 different monosaccharides with 48.11% uronic acid, 17.40% sulfate groups, and 6.09% N-acetyl glucosamine residues. EPSR2 displayed potent antioxidant activity in DPPH ABTS + , TAC FRAP assays. Of all fungi tested, yeast Candida albicans highest susceptibility antibiofilm inhibition. Aspergillus niger Penicillium glabrum showed moderate susceptibility. In contrast, Mucor circinelloides Trichoderma harzianum were resistant. Among G+ve tested bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis was most susceptible, while Salmonella typhi sensitive to G−ve pathogens. Encouragingly, predominantly demonstrated bactericidal effects against both bacterial classes based on MBC/MIC either 1 or 2 superior Gentamicin. At 75% MBC, anti-biofilm 88.30% B. subtilis inhibition, 96.63% Escherichia coli Even at lowest dose 25% reduced biofilm formation by 84.13% E. 61.46% . metabolite from LHG166 shows promise as an eco-friendly natural antibiotic alternative treating infections oxidative stress.

Язык: Английский

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Biofilm formation in food industries: Challenges and control strategies for food safety

Food Research International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 190, С. 114650 - 114650

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024

Язык: Английский

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