Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(12), С. 6758 - 6758

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2022

Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering breeding cash crops. Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion weapons to successfully invade propagate in host plants. Here, we review recent advances made field plant-pathogen interaction models action mechanisms phytopathogenic effectors. The illustrates how from different species use similar distinct strategies infect We classify interactions according infestation process: targeting physical barriers for disruption, creating conditions conducive infestation, protecting or masking themselves, interfering with cell physiological activity, manipulating plant downstream immune responses. investigation functioning pathogen contributes improved understanding molecular interactions. This has important theoretical value is practical significance pathology disease resistance genetics breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Infection Strategies and Pathogenicity of Biotrophic Plant Fungal Pathogens

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022

Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are widely distributed and among the most damaging organisms of agriculturally important crops responsible for significant losses in quality yield. However, pathogenesis obligate parasitic microorganisms is still under investigation because they cannot reproduce complete their life cycle on an artificial medium. The successful lifestyle biotrophic fungal pathogens depends ability to secrete effector proteins manipulate or evade defense response. By integrating genomics, transcriptomics, effectoromics, insights into how adaptation adapt host populations can be gained. Efficient tools decipher precise molecular mechanisms rust–plant interactions, standardized routines genomics functional pipelines have been established will pave way comparative studies. Deciphering not only allows us better understand infect plants but also provides valuable information diseases control, including new strategies prevent, delay, inhibit development. Our review a comprehensive overview efforts that made demonstrates rapidly research field biotrophy has progressed.

Язык: Английский

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Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens: a Critical Overview

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 195(1), С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Combating powdery mildew: Advances in molecular interactions between Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and wheat

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2022

Wheat powdery mildew caused by a biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is widespread airborne disease which continues to threaten global wheat production. One of the most chemical-free and cost-effective approaches for management exploitation resistant cultivars. Accumulating evidence has reported that more than 100 resistance genes or alleles mapping 63 different loci (Pm1-Pm68) have been identified from common its wild relatives, only few them cloned so far. However, continuous emergence new pathogen races with novel degrees virulence renders ineffective. An essential breeding strategy achieving durable pyramiding into single genotype. The genetics host-pathogen interactions integrated temperature conditions interaction between their corresponding other within genome determine expression genes. Considerable progress made in revealing Bgt pathogenesis mechanisms, identification A detailed understanding molecular will facilitate development effective controlling mildew. This review gives succinct overview basis Bgt, defense mechanisms against infection. It also unleash unsung roles epigenetic processes, autophagy silicon Bgt.

Язык: Английский

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Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Effector Proteins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(11), С. 9125 - 9125

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

Plants are colonized by various fungi with both pathogenic and beneficial lifestyles. One type of colonization strategy is through the secretion effector proteins that alter plant's physiology to accommodate fungus. The oldest plant symbionts, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF), may exploit effectors their benefit. Genome analysis coupled transcriptomic studies in different AMFs has intensified research on function, evolution, diversification AMF. However, current 338 predicted from AM fungus

Язык: Английский

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Biological control of root rot disease-causing Rhizoctonia solani in tomato plant by an endophytic fungus and analysis of growth promoting activities in greenhouse and field

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 127, С. 102080 - 102080

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Novel Secreted Effectors Conserved Among Smut Fungi Contribute to the Virulence of Ustilago maydis

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 37(3), С. 250 - 263

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Fungal pathogens deploy a set of molecules (proteins, specialized metabolites, and sRNAs), so-called effectors, to aid the infection process. In comparison other plant pathogens, smut fungi have small genomes secretomes 20 Mb around 500 proteins, respectively. Previous comparative genomic studies shown that many secreted effector proteins without known domains, i.e., novel, are conserved only in Ustilaginaceae family. By analyzing 11 species within Ustilaginaceae, we identified 53 core homologous groups commonly present this lineage. collecting existing mutants generating additional ones, gathered 44 Ustilago maydis strains lacking single effectors as well 9 containing multiple deletions gene families. Pathogenicity assays revealed these mutant were affected virulence. Among 33 had no obvious phenotypic changes, 13 carried additional, sequence-divergent, structurally similar paralogs. We report virulence contribution seven previously uncharacterized one Our results help prioritize for understanding U. provide genetic resources further characterization. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Язык: Английский

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A perspective on varied fungal virulence factors causing infection in host plants

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 51(1)

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A phased chromosome-level genome and full mitochondrial sequence for the dikaryotic myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2022

Abstract The fungal plant pathogen Austropuccinia psidii is spreading globally and causing myrtle rust disease symptoms on plants in the family Myrtaceae. A. dikaryotic, with two nuclei that do not exchange genetic material during dominant phase of its life-cycle. Phased scaffolded genome resources for fungi are important understanding heterozygosity, mechanisms pathogenicity, population structure determining likelihood spread. We have assembled a chromosome-level phased pandemic biotype and, first time, show each nucleus contains 18 chromosomes, line other distantly related fungi. synteny between haplo-phased genomes provide new tool, ChromSyn, enables efficient comparisons chromosomes based conserved genes. Our resource includes fully circularised mitochondrial sequence biotype.

Язык: Английский

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The haustorium: The root of biotrophic fungal pathogens

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022

Biotrophic plant pathogenic fungi are among the dreadful pathogens that continuously threaten production of economically important crops. The interaction biotrophic fungal with their hosts necessitates development unique infection mechanisms and involvement various virulence-associated components. have an exceptional lifestyle supports nutrient acquisition from cells a living host fully dependent on for successful completion life cycle. haustorium, specialized structure, is key organ pathogens. haustorium not only essential in uptake nutrients without killing host, but also secretion delivery effectors into to manipulate immune system defense responses reprogram metabolic flow host. Although there number unanswered questions this area yet, results studies indicate root This review provides overview current knowledge its composition, functions, which includes most recent haustorial transcriptome studies.

Язык: Английский

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