Biomedical potency and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides and oligosaccharides: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 265, С. 131007 - 131007

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Derived from bountiful marine organisms (predominantly algae, fauna, and microorganisms), polysaccharides oligosaccharides are intricate macromolecules that play a significant role in the growth development of life. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to as auspicious natural products due their promising biological attributes. Herein, we provide an overview recent advances miscellaneous activities encompasses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-diabetes mellitus, anticoagulant properties. Furthermore, furnish concise summary underlying mechanisms governing behavior these macromolecules. We hope this review inspires research on medicinal applications while offering fresh perspectives broader facets.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative analysis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae competence development in vitro versus in vivo during pneumonia-derived sepsis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Introduction The Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) competence regulon is well-known for regulating genetic transformation but also important virulence. Some pneumococcal strains can enter a transient competent state in an optimized competence-inducing medium when the threshold level of peptide pheromone stimulating attained; upregulating expression three distinct phases “early”, “late” and “delayed” genes. Recently, we discovered that pneumococcus naturally prolonged during acute pneumonia mice. However, mechanisms driving development host infection are rarely examined, direct comparison between vitro vivo induction has not been performed. Methods We conducted comparative gene analysis versus pneumonia-derived sepsis examined existing RNA-Seq data performed validation using RNA obtained from independent replicate experiment. Results discussion Our revealed both similarities differences “late”, sepsis. results may reveal new aspects biology.

Язык: Английский

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Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Otitis Media From 1990 to 2019: A Population Based Study

Ear and Hearing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 45(3), С. 658 - 665

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024

Objectives: Otitis media is one of the most important causes hearing loss at an early age. Effective vaccination with routine 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was introduced in 2000. It has been gradually replaced by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D or higher-valent 13-valent PCV (PCV-13) since 2010. Data on change otitis burden recent years are sparse global, regional, and national levels. Design: The Global Burden Disease 2019 study used to evaluate prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates, average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) geographic populations worldwide from 1990 2019. These global trends were further analyzed subgroup (age, sex, sociodemographic index [SDI]). Results: Globally, all-age rate prevalence (AAPC = −0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.7 −0.8), DALYs −1.0, CI −1.1 −1.0), mortality −6.8, −7.3 −6.4) decreased constantly between incidence sharply 2000 2009 AAPC −1.2 (95% −1.4 −0.9) continued downward trend 2010 −0.2, −0.3 −0.1). In 2019, children aged 1 4 old had highest 29,127.3 per 100,000 population, while young adults under 30 accounted for 91.3% incident cases. Individuals living middle-SDI countries largest increase media, 0.3 0.3) increasing SDI. Regionally, observed high-income Asia Pacific, Eastern Europe, Western Sub-Saharan Africa Nationally, Republic Korea, 0.8 0.6 1.1) same time period. Conclusions: There have successful previous endeavors reduce attributed a scale. experienced sharp decline following introduction PCV-7 2000, this persisted subsequent adoption PCV-13/pneumococcal vaccine. Continual epidemiological surveillance media’s trends, pathogen distribution, resistance patterns remains imperative.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing active constituents within traditional Chinese Medicine used for treating bacterial pneumonia, with emphasis on the mechanism of baicalein against multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 321, С. 117488 - 117488

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Serotype, antibiotic susceptibility and whole-genome characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in all age groups living in Southwest China during 2018–2022

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen that colonizes the human upper respiratory tract, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to investigate prevalence status of S. isolated from patients all ages in Southwest China, including serotype, antibiotic susceptibility other molecular characteristics, provide basis for clinical usage vaccine development. Methods was conducted January 2018 March 2022 at West China Hospital, Second University First People’s Hospital Longquanyi District (West Longquan Hospital), Meishan Women Children’s (Alliance Hospital) Chengdu Jinjiang Children Health. Demographic characteristics 263 pneumococcal disease (PD) all-age were collected analyzed. The serotypes, sequence types (STs), resistance strains determined by next-generation sequencing, analysis microdilution broth method. Results most serotypes 19F (17.87%), 19A (11.41%), 3 (8.75%), 23F (6.46%) 6A (5.70%). Coverage rates PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 PCV24 36.12, 61.98, 63.12 64.26%, respectively. Prevalent STs ST271 (12.55%), ST320 (11.79%), ST90 (4.18%), ST876 (4.18%) ST11972 (3.42%). Penicillin-resistant (PRSP) accounted 82.35 1.22% meningitis nonmeningitis PD cases, Resistance genes msrD (32.7%), mefA ermB (95.8%), tetM (97.3%) catTC (7.6%) found among isolates. Most isolates showed erythromycin (96.96%) tetracycline (79.85%), with more than half being resistant SXT (58.94%). A few AMX (9.89%), CTX (11.03%), MEN (9.13%), OFX (1.14%), LVX (1.14%) MXF (0.38%). All susceptible vancomycin linezolid. Conclusion Our provides reliable information, prevalence, characterization antimicrobial diseases China. findings contribute informed policy decisions prevention treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The potential impact of PCV-13, PCV-15 and PCV-20 vaccines in Colombia

Vaccine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 42(7), С. 1435 - 1439

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Язык: Английский

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A Review of the Resistance Mechanisms for β-Lactams, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones among Streptococcus pneumoniae

Medicina, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 59(11), С. 1927 - 1927

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a bacterial species often associated with the occurrence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). CAP refers to specific kind that occurs in individuals who acquire infection outside healthcare setting. It represents leading cause both death and morbidity on global scale. Moreover, declaration S. as one 12 pathogens was made by World Health Organization (WHO) 2017. Antibiotics like β-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones are primary classes antimicrobial medicines used for treatment infections. Nevertheless, efficacy these antibiotics diminishing result establishment resistance against agents. In 2019, WHO declared antibiotic among top 10 hazards worldwide health. believed penicillin-binding protein genetic alteration causes β-lactam resistance. Ribosomal target site alterations active efflux pumps macrolide Numerous factors, including accumulation mutations, enhanced mechanisms, plasmid gene acquisition, fluoroquinolone Furthermore, despite advancements pneumococcal vaccinations artificial intelligence (AI), it not feasible rely them indefinitely. The ongoing development AI combating necessitates more research efforts. A few strategies can be performed curb this issue, providing educational initiatives guidelines, conducting surveillance, establishing new targeting another part bacteria. Hence, understanding mechanism may aid researchers developing efficacious future endeavors.

Язык: Английский

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Pneumolysin as a target for new therapies against pneumococcal infections: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(3), С. e0282970 - e0282970

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

Background This systematic review evaluates pneumolysin (PLY) as a target for new treatments against pneumococcal infections. Pneumolysin is one of the main virulence factors produced by all types pneumococci. toxin (53 kDa) highly conserved protein that binds to cholesterol in eukaryotic cells, forming pores lead cell destruction. Methods The databases consulted were MEDLINE, Web Science, and Scopus. Articles independently screened title, abstract, full text two researchers, using consensus resolve any disagreements occurred. other languages different from English, patents, cases report, notes, chapter books reviews excluded. Searches restricted years 2000 2021. Methodological quality was evaluated OHAT framework. Results Forty-one articles describing effects molecules inhibit PLY reviewed. Briefly, inhibitory found classified into three groups: those exerting direct effect binding and/or blocking PLY, acting indirectly preventing its on host whose mechanisms are unknown. Although many proposed blockers, only some them, such antibiotics, peptides, sterols, statins, have probability being implemented clinical treatment. In contrast, molecules, there limited studies demonstrate efficacy animal models with sufficient reliability. Discussion Most reviewed has good level confidence. However, limitations this lack homogeneity studies, what prevented carry out statistical comparison results or meta-analysis. Conclusion A panel activity associated improvement inflammatory process triggered infection. Some already been used humans purposes, so they could be safe use patients These might benefit second line treatment during initial stages infection acute respiratory distress syndrome invasive diseases. Additional research presented set compounds further improve management these patients.

Язык: Английский

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Vaccination for seasonal influenza, pneumococcal infection and SARS-CoV-2 in patients with solid tumors: recommendations of the Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica (AIOM)

ESMO Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(3), С. 101215 - 101215

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A global epidemic serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae switching to non-vaccine types

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide, contributing to both invasive pneumococcal diseases and non-invasive diseases. Following the introduction conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13), significant decrease in prevalence vaccine-type pneumococci has been observed, while non-vaccine-type (NVT) increased. This shift evident disease incidence nasopharyngeal carriage. Serotype switching refers alteration or exchange serotype-related cps gene locus that flagged globally as serotypes concern. In this study, we collected 166 S . clinical isolates analyzed evaluate vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, identified multidrug-resistant NVT S. recently emerged within epidemic CC876 complex, pandemic serotype 14 clone. More importantly, 15B/ST4749 strain, which might have generated through serotype-switch event from 14/ST4749. Mapping genomic recombination sites progeny revealed donated fragment encompassing cps, pbp1a, additional key factors, including DNA uptake-related comC strain already prevalent, novel possesses potential become global strain. IMPORTANCE The study employed high-throughput sequencing analyze Xiamen Children’s Hospital, China, effectiveness light changes documented occurrence switch (from 15B) between ST4749 observation indicates adaptive response under selective pressure exerted by vaccination, offering insights into strategies for prevention control optimization deployment.

Язык: Английский

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