Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Functioning and Wellbeing: Biological and Psychological Benefits

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2018

Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator induces structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both cognitive functioning wellbeing. PE also protective factor for neurodegeneration. However, it unclear if such protection granted through modifications to biological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration or better compensation against attacks. This concise review addresses psychological positive effects of describing results obtained brain plasticity epigenetic animal human studies, order clarify how maximize while avoiding negative consequences, as case addiction.

Язык: Английский

---

Physical Activity and Brain Health

Genes, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(9), С. 720 - 720

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2019

Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most its history, and thus shaped physiology during evolution. However, only recently health consequences a sedentary lifestyle, highly energetic diets, are becoming clear. It also acknowledged that lifestyle diet can induce epigenetic modifications which modify chromatin structure gene expression, causing even heritable metabolic outcomes. Many studies have shown PA reverse at least some unwanted effects contribute delaying brain aging degenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s Disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis. Most importantly, improves cognitive processes memory, analgesic antidepressant effects, induces sense wellbeing, giving strength to ancient principle “mens sana corpore sano” (i.e., sound mind body). In this review we will discuss potential mechanisms underlying on health, focusing hormones, neurotrophins, neurotransmitters, release is modulated by PA, well intra- extra-cellular pathways regulate expression genes involved.

Язык: Английский

---

The Impact of Physical Activity on Brain Structure and Function in Youth: A Systematic Review

PEDIATRICS, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 144(4)

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2019

Advances in neuroimaging techniques have resulted an exponential increase the number of studies investigating effects physical activity on brain structure and function. Authors linked fitness with regions networks integral to cognitive function scholastic performance children adolescents but findings not been synthesized.To conduct a systematic review which impact is examined.Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, Ovid Medline, SportDiscus, Embase) were systematically searched for experimental published between 2002 March 1, 2019.Two reviewers independently screened inclusion according predetermined criteria.Two extracted data key variables synthesized qualitatively.Nine included (task-based functional MRI [n = 4], diffusion tensor imaging 3], arterial spin labeling 1], resting-state 1]) results 5 distinct 4 similar study samples aged 8.7 ± 0.6 10.2 1.0 years typically relatively low socioeconomic status reported. Effects reported 12 regions, including frontal lobe (n 3), parietal anterior cingulate cortex 2), hippocampus 1), several white matter tracts networks.Findings need be interpreted caution as quantitative syntheses possible because heterogeneity.There evidence from randomized controlled trials that participation may modify integrity activation processes. Additional larger hypothesis-driven are needed replicate findings.

Язык: Английский

---

Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 86, С. 101868 - 101868

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

MicroRNAs in Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnostic Markers or Therapeutic Agents?

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding nucleic acids able to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding complementary sequences of target messenger RNA (mRNA). It has been estimated that at least 1% the human genome encodes miRNA and every can up 200 mRNAs. These findings suggest dysregulation could be associated with several pathological conditions including central neurological disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder most common cause dementia in elderly. The characteristic symptoms progressive loss memory other cognitive functions due impairment particular types neurons synapses, leading neuronal death. At present, available symptomatic treatments only slow down progression without stopping it. miRNAs widely found within nervous system where they key regulators such as neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine morphology, differentiation synaptic plasticity. This clue for considering crucial molecules studied AD nowadays dysfunction increasingly recognized. In this review, we summarized existing evidence about biomarkers or therapeutic agents. field more advanced terms data, it likely will used successfully near future. Given huge number potentially involved diagnostics, panels specific tasks stage disease, risk prediction progression. therapeutics rapidly developing offers variety solutions. include positive effects related beta-amyloid tau reduction, increased neurons, inhibition apoptosis, protection transformation cellular elements into missing/deficient AD, so on. predictable both areas research carried forward. However, given absence an therapy stop reverse desirable accelerate on

Язык: Английский

---

The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders - A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention

Clinical Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 77, С. 101830 - 101830

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2020

Mental disorders are highly complex and multifactorial in origin, comprising an elaborate interplay of genetic environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA modifications (e.g. CpG methylation), histone acetylation) microRNAs function a translator between genes the environment. Indeed, influences exposure to stress shape epigenetic patterns, lifetime experiences continue alter genome throughout lifespan. Here, we summarize recently burgeoning body research regarding involvement aberrant signatures mediating increased vulnerability wide range mental disorders. We review current knowledge changes constitute useful markers predicting clinical response psychotherapeutic interventions, psychotherapy - potentially reverse risk patterns. Given first evidence pointing transgenerational transmission information, alterations arising from successful might be transferred future generations thus contribute prevention Findings integrated into multi-level framework highlighting challenges pertaining action implications research. Promising directions prediction, prevention, personalized treatment line with 'precision medicine' approach discussed.

Язык: Английский

---

Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 20(11), С. 862 - 879

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain: A Mini-Review

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2018

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein mainly synthetized in the neurons. Early evidence showed that BDNF participates cognitive processes as measured at hippocampus. This neurotrophin reliable marker of brain function; moreover, recent studies have demonstrated physiological such glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. has been also studied using exercise paradigm to determine its response different modalities; therefore, considered new member exercise-related molecules. high-intensity interval training (HIIT) an protocol characterized by low work volume performed high intensity [i.e., ≥80% maximal heart rate (HRmax)]. Recent supports contention HIIT elicits higher fat oxidation skeletal muscle than other forms exercise. Similarly, good stimulus increase oxygen uptake (VO2max). Few investigated impact on response. present summarizes effects acute long-term BDNF.

Язык: Английский

---

The protective role of exercise against age-related neurodegeneration

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 74, С. 101543 - 101543

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2021

Язык: Английский

---