The Potential of Flavonoids and Flavonoid Metabolites in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Pathology in Disorders of Cognitive Decline

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 663 - 663

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Flavonoids are a biodiverse family of dietary compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial cell protective profiles. They received considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in biomedicine been widely used traditional complimentary medicine for generations. Such medical herbal formulations extremely complex mixtures many pharmacologically active provide outcome through network pharmacological effects complexity. Methods emerging to determine the components their targets decipher complexities how pharmacology provides such effects. The gut microbiome has important roles play generation bioactive flavonoid metabolites retaining or exceeding antioxidative anti-inflammatory properties intact and, some cases, new antitumor antineurodegenerative bioactivities. Certain food items identified with high prebiotic profiles suggesting neutraceutical supplementation may be beneficially employed preserve healthy population bacterial symbiont species minimize establishment harmful pathogenic organisms. Gut health is an consideration effecting overall wellbeing linked organ systems. Bioconversion generates can also transported by vagus nerve systemic circulation brain populations exert beneficial effect. This particularly number neurological disorders (autism, bipolar disorder, AD, PD) characterized on moods, resulting depression anxiety, impaired motor function, long-term cognitive decline. Native flavonoids alleviation inflammation tissues, however, concerns raised levels not achieved, thus allowing them display optimal Dietary manipulation vagal stimulation both yielded responses treatment autism spectrum disorders, depression, establishing route communication gut-brain axis established disease intervention. While native known penetrate blood–brain barrier, microbiome-generated (e.g., protocatechuic acid, urolithins, γ-valerolactones), which retain antioxidant potency addition promote mitochondrial cerebrovascular microcapillary should considered biotherapeutic agents. Studies warranted experimentally examine efficacy directly, they emerge novel options.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Psychoneuroimmunological Insights

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(6), С. 1496 - 1496

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

There is growing interest in the role that intestinal microbiota and related autoimmune processes may have genesis presentation of some psychiatric diseases. An alteration communication microbiota-gut-brain axis, which constitutes a communicative model between central nervous system (CNS) gastro-enteric tract, has been identified as one possible causes The purpose this narrative review to describe evidence supporting gut diseases impact diet on mental health. Change composition could determine an increase permeability barrier, leading cytokine storm. This trigger systemic inflammatory activation immune response: series events repercussions release neurotransmitters, altering activity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reducing presence trophic brain factors. Although disorders seem be connected, more effort needed understand potential causative mechanisms underlying interactions these systems.

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation: A Review of the Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects on Brain Activity in Human and Animals

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2021

Non-invasive neuromodulation technology is important for the treatment of brain diseases. The effects focused ultrasound on neuronal activity have been investigated since 1920s. Low intensity transcranial (tFUS) can exert non-destructive mechanical pressure cellular membranes and ion channels has shown to modulate peripheral nerves, spinal reflexes, cortex, even deep nuclei, such as thalamus. It obvious advantages in terms security spatial selectivity. This considered broad application prospects neurodegenerative disorders neuropsychiatric disorders. review synthesizes animal human research outcomes offers an integrated description excitatory inhibitory tFUS varying experimental disease conditions.

Язык: Английский

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The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in humans: State-of-the-art review and future directions

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 136, С. 104622 - 104622

Опубликована: Март 15, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Vagus nerve stimulation alleviated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting pyroptosis via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Cell Death Discovery, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

Cumulative evidence suggests that pyroptosis, a new sort of programmed cell death, is closely related to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our previous studies have testified vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was involved in many different neuroprotective and neuroplasticity pathways via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR), vital node the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during I/R We aimed determine effects VNS through α7nAchR-mediated inhibition pyroptosis. Focal ischemic stroke rat models were obtained by middle artery occlusion for 120 min. Expression NLRP3 inflammasome evaluated using western blotting immunofluorescence (IF) staining. The neurological deficit score, infarct volume, TUNEL staining findings, transmission electron microscopy expression inflammatory cytokines assessed 3 days after findings suggested protein levels NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved caspase-1, ASC gradually increased until they peaked on day inhibited pyroptosis-related molecules decreased number pyroptotic cells membrane pores. Administration α7nAchR-antagonist agonist helped further assessment role α7nAchR α7nAchR-agonist mimicked VNS's improvement deficits, reduction volumes, neuronal pyroptosis Conversely, neuroprotection provided could be reversed administration α7nAchR-antagonist. In conclusion, VNS-induced α7nAchR-dependent, highlighting pivotal α7nAChR suppressing cellular neuroinflammation. These may allow better understanding treatment principles

Язык: Английский

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Neuroimmunomodulation of vagus nerve stimulation and the therapeutic implications

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июль 6, 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a technology that provides electrical to the cervical vagus and can be applied in treatment of wide variety neuropsychiatric systemic diseases. VNS exerts its effect by stimulating vagal afferent efferent fibers, which project upward brainstem nuclei relayed circuits downward internal organs influence autonomic, neuroendocrine, neuroimmunology systems. The neuroimmunomodulation mediated through cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway regulates immune cells decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Traditional non-invasive have Food Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for patients with drug-refractory epilepsy, treatment-refractory major depressive disorders, headaches. number clinical trials translational studies explore therapeutic potentials mechanisms increasing. In this review, we first introduced anatomical physiological bases immunomodulating functions VNS. We covered investigated implications spectrum brain disorders diseases context neuroimmunomodulation.

Язык: Английский

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Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Nervous System Imbalance: Potential Biomarkers and Detectable Hallmarks of Aging and Inflammaging

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 102521 - 102521

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Autonomic dysfunction and treatment strategies in intracerebral hemorrhage

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Autonomic dysfunction with central autonomic network (CAN) damage occurs frequently after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and contributes to a series of adverse outcomes. This review aims provide insight convenience for future clinical practice research on in ICH patients.

Язык: Английский

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Does transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation alter pupil dilation? A living Bayesian meta-analysis

Brain stimulation, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(2), С. 148 - 157

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Advancements in Surgical Therapies for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Paradigm Shift towards Precision Care

Neurology and Therapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025

Epilepsy, a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions worldwide, with significant proportion resistant to pharmacological treatments. Surgical interventions have emerged as pivotal in managing drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), aiming reduce seizure frequency or achieve freedom. Traditional resective surgeries evolved technological advances, enhancing precision and safety. Neurostimulation techniques, such responsive neurostimulation (RNS) deep brain stimulation (DBS), now provide personalized, real-time management, offering alternatives traditional surgery. Minimally invasive ablative methods, laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS), allow for targeted destruction of epileptogenic tissue reduced risks faster recovery times. The use stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) robotic assistance has further refined surgical precision, outcomes. These advancements mark paradigm shift towards medicine care, promising improved management quality life patients globally. This review outlines the latest innovations surgery, emphasizing their mechanisms clinical implications improve outcomes DRE.

Язык: Английский

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