A meta-analysis of conditioned fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders

Neuropsychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 47(9), С. 1652 - 1661

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Genetic differences associated with dopamine and serotonin release mediate fear-induced bradycardia in the human brain

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2024

Abstract Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is physiological index observable in humans, especially fear conditioning experiments. While gaining interest recent years, it still currently underemployed neuroscientific research compared more popular indices. Besides its use research, could also constitute valuable resource clinical psychiatry setting, as many disorders are characterized by altered heart rate responses. However, differences fear-induced bradycardia may be subtended genetic interindividual differences, thus suggesting precaution when recommending the setting. Here, we discussed first endeavors that aimed at clarifying underpinnings of variations, which suggest individual have role defining characteristics Given this, translating measurements setting must implemented with caution. Future this field will aim identifying these even further, allowing for precise interventions.

Язык: Английский

---

Some key parameters in contextual fear conditioning and extinction in adult rats

Behavioural Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 462, С. 114874 - 114874

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Contextual fear conditioning is a behavioral paradigm used to assess hippocampal-dependent memory in experimental animals. Perception of the context depends on activation distinct population neurons hippocampus and hippocampal-related areas that process discrete aspects perception. In absence any putatively associated cue, becomes salient element may warn an upcoming aversive event; particular conditions, animals generalize this warning new or similar context. study we evaluated effects number sessions, unconditioned stimuli per acquisition session distribution extinction sessions determine under which conditions generalization occurred adult, male rats. We observed organization spacing were relevant factors contextual memories. Extinction with significantly greater robustness when spread over two days. Furthermore, results indicated exposure single 0.3 mA, 0.5 s footshock different could produce context-specific fear, while more footshocks within produced response Notably, occurred, successive re-exposure generalized way paired exposure. Together, present findings identify clear procedural parameters amenable neural systems analysis three clinically outcomes conditioning, i.e., acquisition, storage extinction.

Язык: Английский

---

Fear conditioning: Insights into learning, memory and extinction and its relevance to clinical disorders

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 138, С. 111310 - 111310

Опубликована: Март 6, 2025

Fear, whether innate or learned, is an essential emotion required for survival. The learning, and subsequent memory, of fearful events enhances our ability to recognise respond threats, aiding adaptation new, ever-changing environments. Considerable research has leveraged associative learning protocols such as contextual auditory forms fear conditioning in rodents, understand memory consolidation extinction phases memory. Such assays have led detailed characterisation the underlying neurocircuitry neurobiology supporting processes. Given processing conserved across rodents humans, experiments provide translational insights into fundamental processes fear-related pathologies. This review examines used measure extinction, before providing overview on complex including amygdala, hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex. followed by in-depth commentary neurobiology, particularly synaptic plasticity mechanisms, which regulate extinction. Next, we consider how can inform understanding disrupted human disorders post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety psychiatric schizophrenia. Lastly, critically evaluate protocols, highlighting some experimental theoretical limitations considerations when conducting assays, alongside recent methodological advancements field. Overall, rodent-based remain central making progress uncovering phenomena aetiological mechanisms that underpin associated disorders, development effective therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Boosting psychological change: Combining non-invasive brain stimulation with psychotherapy

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 142, С. 104867 - 104867

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

A Current Learning Theory Approach to the Etiology and Course of Anxiety and Related Disorders

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(1), С. 233 - 258

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2022

The authors describe how contemporary learning theory and research provide the basis for models of etiology maintenance anxiety related disorders. They argue that accounts much complexity associated with individual differences in development course these These insights from modern on overcome limitations earlier behavioral approaches, which were overly simplistic have been justifiably criticized. show considerations early histories temperamental vulnerabilities affect short- long-term likelihood experiences stressful events will lead to also discuss contextual variables during after influence disorder symptoms. Thus, a rich nuanced understanding

Язык: Английский

---

Disgust and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Journal of Health Service Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 21, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Test–retest reliability of human threat conditioning and generalization across a 1‐to‐2‐week interval

Psychophysiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 60(6)

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2022

Abstract Given the increasing use of threat conditioning and generalization for clinical‐translational research efforts, establishing test–retest reliability these paradigms is necessary. Specifically, it an empirical question whether same participant evinces a similar gradient conditioned responses across two sessions with identical contingencies stimuli. Here, 46 human volunteers participated in auditory acquisition protocol at separated by 1‐to‐2 weeks. Skin conductance (SCR) trial‐by‐trial shock risk ratings served as primary measures. We used linear mixed effects modeling to test differential gradients, Generalizability (G) theory coefficients our formal assessment intraindividual stability change time. Results showed largely invariant gradients G indicated fair SCR. In contrast, rating reliabilities were mixed, was particularly low ratings. Our findings generally support paradigm shorter intervals highlight their utility assessments behavioral interventions mental health research, but challenges remain further work needed. Threat tasks are increasingly translational efforts improve interventions, thus needs be established. results over relatively short (1‐to‐2 week) interval, this depends on measure (physiological vs. self‐report). Overall, could appropriate repeated testing course short‐duration intervention study, more needed, regard longer‐duration studies.

Язык: Английский

---

Abnormal spontaneous neural activity in hippocampal–cortical system of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder and its potential for diagnosis and prediction of early treatment response

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2022

Early brain functional changes induced by pharmacotherapy in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) relation to drugs per se or because of the impact such on improvement OCD remain unclear. Moreover, no neuroimaging biomarkers are available for diagnosis and prediction early treatment response. We performed a longitudinal study involving 34 36 healthy controls (HCs). Patients received 5-week paroxetine (40 mg/d). Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), regional homogeneity (ReHo), support vector machine (SVM), regression (SVR) were applied acquire analyze data. Compared HCs, had higher ReHo values right superior temporal gyrus bilateral hippocampus/parahippocampus/fusiform gyrus/cerebellum at baseline. left hippocampus parahippocampus decreased significantly after treatment. The reduction rate (RR) was positively correlated RRs scores Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) obsession. Abnormal baseline could serve as potential therapeutic This highlighted important role hippocampal–cortical system neuropsychological mechanism underlying OCD, pharmacological treatment, possibility building models response based spontaneous activity system.

Язык: Английский

---

Cellular mechanisms of contextual fear memory reconsolidation: Role of hippocampal SFKs, TrkB receptors and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors

Psychopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 241(1), С. 61 - 73

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

---