Frontiers in Education,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024
This
study
analyzed
the
relationship
between
enjoyment
and
oral
English
proficiency
in
Peruvian
future
teachers.
It
previously
validated
a
measurement
instrument
of
setting
for
teachers
who
are
learners
as
Foreign
Language
(EFL)
then
delved
into
understanding
role
predictor
proficiency.
The
sample
comprised
119
students
from
State
Higher
School
Education
Peru,
randomly
selected
various
careers
grouped
according
to
language
competency
levels
ranging
A1
B1+
based
on
subscale
inspired
by
Common
European
Framework
Reference
(CEFR).
Students’
was
evaluated
using
rubric
covering
five
aspects,
assessed
through
nine-question
questionnaire.
results
initially
demonstrated
significant
positive
(
r
=
0.900,
p
<
0.001)
EFL.
Secondly,
linear
regression
model
determined
that
highly
(β
0.957,
These
findings
support
importance
developing
reliable
tool
predict
EFL
context
teacher
education.
highlighted
influence
learning
prospective
Results
analysis
underscored
proficiency,
suggesting
promoting
teaching
process
can
be
an
effective
strategy
foster
development
skills
English.
have
implications
education,
emphasizing
need
integrate
activities
psycho-pedagogical
approaches
promote
classroom.
Furthermore,
proposed
assess
teachers’
Understanding
nurturing
significantly
enhance
and,
ultimately,
contribute
more
robust
command
Nature Mental Health,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 12, 2025
Abstract
A
common
behavior
in
natural
environments
is
foraging
for
rewards.
However,
this
often
the
presence
of
predators.
Therefore,
one
most
fundamental
decisions
humans,
as
other
animals,
how
to
apportion
time
between
reward-motivated
pursuit
and
threat-motivated
checking
behavior.
To
understand
what
affects
people
strike
balance,
we
developed
an
ecologically
inspired
task
looked
at
both
within-participant
dynamics
(moods)
between-participant
individual
differences
(questionnaires
about
real-life
behaviors)
two
large
internet
samples
(
n
=
374
702)
a
cross-sectional
design.
For
dynamics,
found
that
regulate
task-evoked
stress
homeostatically
by
changing
(increasing
hiding).
Individual
differences,
even
superficially
related
traits
(apathy–anhedonia
anxiety–compulsive
checking)
reliably
mapped
onto
unique
behaviors.
Worse
performance,
due
maladaptive
checking,
was
linked
gender
(women
checked
excessively)
specific
anxiety-related
traits:
somatic
anxiety
(reduced
self-reported
worry)
compulsivity
(self-reported
disorganized
checking).
While
anhedonia
decreased
engagement,
apathy,
strikingly,
improved
overall
performance
reducing
excessive
checking.
In
summary,
provide
multifaceted
paradigm
assessment
threat
naturalistic
sensitive
moods
they
change
throughout
clinical
dimensions.
Thus,
it
could
serve
objective
measurement
tool
future
studies
interested
threat,
vigilance
or
behavior–emotion
interactions
contexts
requiring
reward
seeking
avoidance.
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 1 - 8
Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025
Long-term
affective
states
such
as
mood
may
best
reflect
the
welfare
of
an
animal.
They
are
likely
to
depend
on
how
animal
assesses
outcomes
its
own
behavioral
actions.
These
post-consummatory
often
low
arousal
and,
accordingly,
difficult
observe.
Here,
we
investigated
whether
behavior
minipigs
shown
during
hour
following
experimental
session
differed
between
a
cognitive
and
physical
task.
We
assumed
that
differences
would
allow
us
see
animals
assessed
tasks
after
completing
them.
The
increased
resting,
feeding,
drinking
task
compared
task,
indicating
need
make
up
for
energy
spent.
In
addition,
foraging
was
reduced
with
control
day,
whereas
non-food-related
exploration
remained
similar
level.
This
change
in
might
be
interpreted
"leisure."
Overall,
approach
used
seems
promising
assess
much
likes
outcome
behavior.
situations
turn
cumulatively
longer-term
are,
correspondingly,
relevant
long-term
state
animals.
Over
the
last
decades,
interdisciplinary
field
of
affective
sciences
has
seen
proliferation
rather
than
integration
theoretical
perspectives.
This
is
due
to
differences
in
metaphysical
and
mechanistic
assumptions
about
human
phenomena
(what
they
are
how
work)
which,
shaped
by
academic
motivations
values,
have
determined
constructs
operationalizations.
An
assumption
on
purpose
phenomenacan
be
used
as
a
teleological
principle
guide
construction
common
set
assumptions—a
framework
for
research.
In
this
capstone
paper
special
issue
“Towards
an
Integrated
Understanding
Human
Affectome”,
we
gather
tiered
synthesize
that
account
phenomenacollectively.
teleologically-grounded
offers
principled
agenda
launchpad
both
organizing
existing
perspectives
generating
new
ones.
Ultimately,
hope
Affectome
brings
us
step
closer
not
only
integrated
understanding
phenomena,
but
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023
Mood
effects
on
economic
choice
seem
blatantly
irrational,
but
might
rise
from
mechanisms
adapted
to
natural
environments.
We
have
proposed
a
theory
in
which
mood
helps
adapting
the
behaviour
statistical
dependencies
environment,
by
biasing
expected
value
of
foraging
actions
(which
involve
taking
risk,
spending
time
and
making
effort
get
more
reward).
Here,
we
tested
existence
this
mechanism,
using
an
established
induction
paradigm
combined
with
independent
choices
that
opposed
small
uncostly
rewards
larger
costly
(involving
either
delay
or
effort).
To
maximise
sensitivity
fluctuations,
developed
algorithm
ensuring
options
were
continuously
adjusted
subjective
indifference
points.
In
102
participants
twice,
found
during
episodes
positive
(relative
negative
mood),
biased
towards
better
rewarded
options,
irrespective
cost
type.
Computational
modelling
confirmed
incidental
effect
was
best
explained
bias
added
prior
decision
making.
This
is
therefore
automatically
applied
even
artificial
environments
where
it
not
adaptive,
allowing
spill
over
many
sorts
decisions
generate
irrational
behaviours.
Despite
empirical
progress,
our
theoretical
understanding
of
mood
instability
remains
stagnant.
The
uncertainties
surrounding
can
be
traced
back
to
reliance
on
natural
language
as
a
means
specifying
its
aspects.
Here,
we
address
the
vagaries
by
developing
first
formal
theory
instability.
Our
computational
is
grounded
notion
reference-based
evaluation:
process
which
humans
ascribe
value
stimuli
based
comparative
frame
reference.
Building
existing
theories
evaluation,
propose
dynamic
framework
use
simulate
various
evaluative
situations.
simulations
furnish
three
forms
instability:
emotional
rigidity
(gravitating
toward
particular
affective
states),
transiency
(experiencing
brief
emotions),
and
reactivity
strong
emotionality).
types
clarify
previous
murky
verbal
descriptions,
delineate
traditionally
conflated
types,
offer
substantive
insights
regarding
measurement
development
