COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 170, С. 1 - 25

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States

American Journal of Kidney Diseases, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 77(2), С. 190 - 203.e1

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Function of Citrus Fruits

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(8), С. 742 - 742

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2020

Among the many approaches to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention, possible role of nutrition has so far been rather underestimated. Foods are very rich in substances, with a potential beneficial effect on health, and some these could have an antiviral action or be important modulating immune system defending cells from oxidative stress associated infection. This short review draws attention components citrus fruits, especially orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin flavonoid content. flavonoids, hesperidin recently attracted researchers, because it binds key proteins Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several computational methods, independently applied by different showed that low binding energy, both “spike” protein, main protease transforms early virus (pp1a ppa1b) into complex responsible viral replication. The energy is lower than lopinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, suggesting perform effective action. Furthermore, ascorbic acid counteract cell damaging effects oxygen free radicals triggered infection inflammation. There discussion about preventive efficacy C, at dose achievable diet, but recent reviews suggest this substance can useful case strong burden caused disease. Computational methods laboratory studies support need undertake apposite preclinical, epidemiological, experimental benefits fruit prevention infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Nanomedicine for the SARS-CoV-2: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер Volume 16, С. 539 - 560

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Abstract: The newly emerged ribonucleic acid (RNA) enveloped human beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused the COVID-19 pandemic, severely affects system, and may lead to death. Lacking effective diagnostics therapies made this pandemic challenging manage since SARS-CoV-2 transmits via human-to-human, enters ACE2 TMPSSR2 receptors, damages organs rich in host cells, spreads symptomatic carriers is prominent an immune-compromised population. New informatics (structure, strains, like-cycles, functional sites) motivated bio-pharma experts investigate novel therapeutic agents that act recognize, inhibit, knockdown combinations of drugs, vaccines, antibodies, have been optimized COVID-19. However, successful targeted delivery these avoid off-targeting unnecessary drug ingestion very challenging. To overcome obstacles, mini-review projects nanomedicine technology, a pharmacologically relevant cargo size within 10 200 nm, for site-specific agent recognize eradicate SARS-CoV-2, improving immune system. Such combinational therapy based on compartmentalization controls releases patient genomic profile medical history. Nanotechnology could help combat various methods such as avoiding viral contamination spraying by developing personal protective equipment (PPE) increase protection healthcare workers produce antiviral disinfectants surface coatings capable inactivating preventing virus from spreading. quickly or immunological response, design highly accurate sensitive nano-based sensors. Development new drugs with improved activity, reduced toxicity, sustained release lungs, well tissue targets; development immunizations improve humoral cellular responses. desired controlled features suggested personalized therapeutics, nanomedicine, potential successfully. state-of-the-art challenges, prospects are carefully critically discussed report, which serve key platform scholars role higher efficacy pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, infection, management,

Язык: Английский

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Lung-brain axis

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 48(3), С. 257 - 269

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021

The appreciation of human microbiome is gaining strong grounds in biomedical research. In addition to gut-brain axis, the lung-brain which hypothesised link pulmonary microbes neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural changes. There a need for analysis based on emerging studies map out prospects axis. this review, relevant English literature researches field 'lung-brain axis' reported. We recommend all highlighted prospective be integrated with an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches physiology pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units, while exploring gaps making reference already existing data. overall medicine more ground. Aetiological paths recommendations as per review will important guideline develop effective treatments any lung induced diseases. An in-depth knowledge bi-directional communication between host could help treatment respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety enhanced neurological effects. timely prevention diseases requires paradigm shift aetiology innovative experimentation.Impact statementThe confer Based we given units;

Язык: Английский

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Potential of Nano-Antioxidants and Nanomedicine for Recovery from Neurological Disorders Linked to Long COVID Syndrome

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(2), С. 393 - 393

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

Long-term neurological complications, persisting in patients who cannot fully recover several months after severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, are referred to as sequelae of the long COVID syndrome. Among numerous clinical post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, and psychiatric manifestations comprise prolonged fatigue, "brain fog", memory deficits, headache, ageusia, anosmia, myalgias, cognitive impairments, anxiety, depression lasting months. Considering that neurons highly vulnerable inflammatory oxidative stress damages following overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation have been suggested dominate pathophysiological mechanisms It is emphasized mitochondrial dysfunction crucial for pathogenesis neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, antioxidant therapies potential slow down prevent disease progression. However, many compounds display low bioavailability, instability, transport targeted tissues, limiting their applications. Various nanocarrier types, e.g., liposomes, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, carbon-based nanostructures, nanoceria, other inorganic can be employed enhance bioavailability. Here, we highlight phytochemical antioxidants neuroprotective agents (curcumin, quercetin, vitamins C, E D, melatonin, rosmarinic acid, N-acetylcysteine, Ginkgo Biloba derivatives) therapeutic strategies neuroregeneration. A particular focus given beneficial role nanoparticle-mediated drug-delivery systems addressing challenges managing preventing disorders factors sequelae.

Язык: Английский

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Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2021

At the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing a new disease, termed COVID-19 by WHO on February 11, 2020. time this paper (January 31, 2021), more than 100 million cases have been recorded, which claimed over lives worldwide. The most important clinical presentation is pneumonia; however, many patients present various neurological symptoms, ranging from loss olfaction, nausea, dizziness, and headache to encephalopathy stroke, with high prevalence inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. SARS-CoV-2 may also target center brainstem cause silent hypoxemia. However, neurotropic mechanism(s) affects CNS remain(s) unclear. In paper, we first address involvement astrocytes then elucidate knowledge as virus well several other flaviviruses (with particular emphasis West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis Zika virus) highlight mechanisms that astroglial cells CNS. These key homeostasis-providing exhibit functions act favorable milieu for replication possibly environment well. role pathology, related aging neurodegenerative disorders, environmental factors, discussed. Understanding these better understanding pathophysiology developing strategies mitigate manifestations COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Май 14, 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people continues to affect more, despite tremendous social preventive measures. Identifying candidate drugs for the prevention treatment COVID-19 crucial. The pathogenesis complications with advanced infection mainly involve immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity inflammation, along immune modulation. One most promising targets modulation responses endocannabinoid system, particularly activation cannabinoid type receptors (CB2R), G-protein coupled receptor which mediates anti-inflammatory properties modulating numerous signaling pathways. To pharmacologically activate CB2 receptors, naturally occurring ligand, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), received attention due its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory properties. BCP recognized as full selective functional agonist produces effects activating nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs). regarded first dietary abundant presence across cannabis non-cannabis plants, including spices other edible plants. showed tissue protective favorably modulates pathways inhibits inflammatory mediators, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, eicosanoids. Based pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms, potential immunomodulator, organ-protective, we hypothesize that could be and/or target triad infection, immunity, inflammation in COVID-19. In line studies proposed cannabinoids COVID-19, may compound pharmaceutical nutraceutical development unique selectivity, wide availability accessibility, bioavailability, nonpsychoactivity, negligible toxicity druggable favorable pharmacokinetic physicochemical reasonable mechanisms speculate investigated against will inspire further preclinical clinical studies.

Язык: Английский

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Post-Acute COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome: A New Medical Challenge

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(9), С. 1947 - 1947

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

In December 2019, in Wuhan (China), a highly pathogenic coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, dramatically emerged. This new virus, which causes severe pneumonia, is rapidly spreading around the world, hence it provoked COVID-19 pandemic. emergency launched by SARS-CoV-2 also had, and still has, devastating socio-economic aspects. Assessing impact of on vulnerable groups people crucial for adaptation governments' responses. Growing scientific evidence suggests that essential to keep attention after acute infection; indeed, some clinical manifestations are frequently present even recovery. There consensus need define symptoms persist infection disabilities may arise COVID-19. Recent reviews, case reports, original contributions suggest various organs be affected, neurological about one third patients with Neurological complications might include delirium, brain inflammation, stroke, nerve damage. recent pandemic, neurologists neurobiologists have chance study key features neurology. Furthermore, psychological pandemic should not underestimated, although there currently no definition this condition.

Язык: Английский

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Can Echinacea be a potential candidate to target immunity, inflammation, and infection - The trinity of coronavirus disease 2019

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(2), С. e05990 - e05990

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing public health emergency. The pathogenesis and complications advanced with infection mainly involve immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, the therapeutic strategy relies on immune modulation, reducing infectivity inflammation. Given interplay of axis, natural products received attention for preventive usage in COVID-19 due to their potent antiviral anti-immunomodulatory activities. Recently, Echinacea preparations, particularly E. purpurea, have been suggested be important agent useful modulating virus entry, internalization replication. In principle, response resultant inflammatory process are elimination infection, but may a significant impact SARS-CoV-2 play role clinical spectrum COVID-19. Considering pharmacological effects, potential, molecular mechanisms Echinacea, we hypothesize that it could reasonably possible candidate targeting immunity, inflammation recent recognition cannabinoid-2 (CB2) receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mediated bioactive components make them notable immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory agent. plausible reason our hypothesis presence numerous agents different parts plants synergistically exert polypharmacological actions regulating axis Our proposition scientifically contemplate perspective prospect potential limit severity progression disease. Based infections, relative safety humans, further studies evidence-based approach needed. We do hope immunomodulation prevention treatment

Язык: Английский

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