Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Diverse Biological Activities : A Comprehensive Review

Natural Product Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Essential oils (EOs) are complex mixtures of volatile compounds, primarily terpenoids and phenolic constituents, derived from plants. They have been widely studied for their diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects, among others. These bioactivities attributed to the unique chemical composition EOs, which enables multi-targeted modes action such as disruption microbial cell membranes, inhibition spore germination, modulation inflammatory pathways. Their potential alternatives conventional antimicrobial therapies has gained attention, particularly in addressing resistance. Additionally, EOs exhibit significant antioxidant properties, contributing food preservation by preventing spoilage extending shelf life. In agriculture, roles pest management plant growth regulation highlight sustainable applications. conclusion, present a promising avenue applications healthcare, preservation, though further research is necessary overcome challenges related variability clinical validation.

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of plant essential oils: A systematic review

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 301, С. 115829 - 115829

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022

Plant essential oils (PEOs) extracted from aromatic compounds of the plant contain complex mixtures volatile and lipophilic bioactive compounds. In ancient Egypt, Arabia, Greece, China, PEOs were traditional used in aromatherapy for various health disorders, including pain inflammation.In this review, we provide an overview anti-inflammatory effects underlying mechanisms associated with using vitro vivo models. Further, clinical trials explored.The literature search was performed web-based tools databases like Google Scholar, Web Science, PubMed, CNKI SCOPUS. The keywords conducting review general terms "essential oils" followed by (AND) subject interest "in and/or models," "inflammatory response," indicators," "pro-inflammatory cytokines," "signaling pathway," "anti-inflammatory mechanism," "toxicology side effects" "clinical trials." articles selected published between 2017 2022. prior to only considered if they molecular or signaling pathways involved inflammatory responses.In inflammation models have been study 48 PEOs. Studies reported that targets inhibit multiple dysregulated inflammation, Toll-like receptors, nuclear transcription factor-κ B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, auxiliary factor erythroid 2-related 2/antioxidant response element Janus kinase/signal transducers activators transcription) pathways.PEOs different materials had varied qualitative quantitative compositions biologically active Different potentials signal transduction attributed PEOs-derived chemical structures. data on therapeutic efficacy long-term as drug are still unknown due lack There is insufficient evidence draw conclusions properties without promising outcomes trials.

Язык: Английский

---

Isoliquiritigenin, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 318, С. 117059 - 117059

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Beta-Caryophyllene, a Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Selective Agonist, in Emotional and Cognitive Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(6), С. 3203 - 3203

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Mental disorders account for one of the most prevalent categories burden disease worldwide, with depression expected to be largest contributor by 2030, closely followed anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic possibly exacerbated these challenges, especially amongst adolescents, who experienced isolation, disrupted routines, and limited healthcare access. Notably, has been associated long-term neurological effects known as “long-COVID”, characterized both cognitive psychopathological symptoms. In general, psychiatric disorders, including those related long-COVID, are supposed due widespread inflammation leading neuroinflammation. Recently, endocannabinoid system (ECS) emerged a potential target addressing anxiety pathophysiology. Specifically, natural or synthetic cannabinoids, able selectively interact cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R), recently revealed new therapeutic in neuropsychiatric absent psychotropic activity. Among promising CB2R ligands, bicyclic sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (BCP) an excellent anti-inflammatory antioxidant agent. This review underscores BCP’s immunomodulatory properties, highlighting its management

Язык: Английский

---

Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(5), С. 1743 - 1743

Опубликована: Март 7, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the search for new molecules with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. entry of virus into cell is one main targets inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural products are an important source therapeutic alternatives diseases. Pseudotyped viruses allow study viral inhibitors, and due their simplicity, they screening a large number candidates in Biosafety Level 2 facilities. We used pseudotyped HIV-1 D614G spike glycoprotein test its ability infect ACE2-expressing HEK 293T cells presence diverse natural products, including 21 plant extracts, 7 essential oils, 13 compounds from plants fungi. 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was evaluated using resazurin method. From these analyses, we determined inhibitory extract Stachytarpheta cayennensis, which had half-maximal (IC50) 91.65 µg/mL, CC50 693.5 selectivity index (SI) 7.57, indicating potential use as inhibitor entry. Moreover, our work indicates usefulness pseudotyped-virus system inhibitors.

Язык: Английский

---

Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(6), С. 1199 - 1199

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2022

Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the to ameliorate disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), bicyclic sesquiterpene, carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, as well neuroprotective mitoprotective effects different vitro vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its by acting selective agonist allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is pro-electrophilic compound that, response oxidation, converted electrophilic form. This can interact activate Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering synthesis endogenous “phase 2” enzymes. However, given nature chemical structure, also exhibits direct effects. readily cross BBB accumulate brain regions, giving rise preventing mitochondrial dysfunction inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through activation pro-survival signalling pathways, regulation apoptosis autophagy, molecular mechanisms related quality control. Findings vitro/in experimental models Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s reported beneficial both compounds, suggesting their use treatments be promising strategy management neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining homeostasis ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.

Язык: Английский

---

Bioactive Compound Extraction of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Leaves through Response Surface Methodology Optimization

AgriEngineering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(2), С. 1300 - 1318

Опубликована: Май 9, 2024

Hemp, commonly known as Cannabis sativa L., is a medicinal plant species of the Cannabaceae family. For efficient extraction C. leaves using conventional stirring process with water solvent, three crucial parameters (i.e., duration, liquid–solid ratio, and temperature) were investigated through response surface methodology (RSM). The concentrations extracted bioactive compounds (polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids) showed significant variations in RSM design points, suggesting importance finding optimal conditions which ratio temperature found to have highest impact. Further analysis was conducted on extract employing several assays determine their polyphenol content, total carotenoid color evaluation, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant capacity FRAP, DPPH, H2O2 assays. A low time (30 min) at 50 °C high (50:1) required for possible yield polyphenols. content determined be 9.76 mg gallic acid equivalents/g under optimum conditions, pelargonin being most abundant (1.51 mg/g) extracts. Ascorbic measured 282.23 μg/g carotenoids 356.98 μg/g. Correlation analyses revealed that activity negatively correlated specific As by DPPH (27.43 μmol equivalents (AAE)/g), FRAP (49.79 AAE/g), (230.95 AAE/g) assays, optimized aqueous capacity. Furthermore, it demonstrated considerable 17.89%, potential increase 75.12% particular conditions. Given added-value extracts, results this study highlight utility source health-improving pharmaceutical food industries.

Язык: Английский

---

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiviral Effects of Cannabinoids in Inhibiting and Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(8), С. 4170 - 4170

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus made it necessary to search for new options both causal treatment and mitigation of its symptoms. Scientists researchers around world are constantly looking best therapeutic options. These difficult circumstances have also spurred re-examination potential natural substances contained in Cannabis sativa L. Cannabinoids, apart from CB1 CB2 receptors, may act multifacetedly through a number other such as GPR55, TRPV1, PPARs, 5-HT1A, adenosine glycine receptors. complex anti-inflammatory antiviral effects cannabinoids been confirmed interactions with various signaling pathways. Considering fact that causes excessive immune response triggers an inflammatory cascade, ability regulate these processes, can be assumed they used COVID-19. During pandemic, there were many publications on subject COVID-19, which indicate impact not only course disease, but their role prevention. It is worth noting shown well-known cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD), secondary cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) terpenes, emphasizing all plant’s compounds entourage effect. This article presents narrative review current knowledge this area available PubMed, Scopus Web Science medical databases.

Язык: Английский

---

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory caused by infection with acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 associated induction of cascade uncontrolled inflammatory responses host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, storm hallmark immunopathogenesis, directly related severity mortality COVID-19 patients. Considering lack any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key factors regulate response patients could be fundamental step developing effective therapeutic strategies against infection. Currently, addition well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism glucose utilization, there growing evidence central role ligand-dependent nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ control signals various human diseases. This makes them attractive targets approaches control/suppress hyperinflammatory COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated PPARs their ligands during infection, (2) on basis recent literature, highlight importance PPAR subtypes development promising

Язык: Английский

---

Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2R) as potential target for the pharmacological treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 186, С. 118044 - 118044

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

Язык: Английский

---