Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
11(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2020
Abstract
Assimilation
of
novel
strategies
into
a
consolidated
action
repertoire
is
crucial
function
for
behavioral
adaptation
and
cognitive
flexibility.
Acetylcholine
in
the
striatum
plays
pivotal
role
such
adaptation,
its
release
has
been
causally
associated
with
activity
cholinergic
interneurons.
Here
we
show
that
midbrain,
previously
unknown
source
acetylcholine
striatum,
major
contributor
to
transmission
striatal
complex.
Neurons
pedunculopontine
laterodorsal
tegmental
nuclei
synapse
interneurons
give
rise
excitatory
responses.
Furthermore,
they
produce
uniform
inhibition
spiny
projection
neurons.
Inhibition
from
midbrain
terminals
impairs
association
contingencies
formation
habits
an
instrumental
task,
mimics
effects
observed
following
These
results
suggest
existence
two
hierarchically-organized
modes
where
are
modulated
by
neurons
midbrain.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(6), С. 1065 - 1081.e23
Опубликована: Март 1, 2022
Motor
behaviors
are
often
planned
long
before
execution
but
only
released
after
specific
sensory
events.
Planning
and
each
associated
with
distinct
patterns
of
motor
cortex
activity.
Key
questions
how
these
dynamic
activity
generated
they
relate
to
behavior.
Here,
we
investigate
the
multi-regional
neural
circuits
that
link
an
auditory
"Go
cue"
transition
from
planning
directional
licking.
Ascending
glutamatergic
neurons
in
midbrain
reticular
pedunculopontine
nuclei
show
short
latency
phasic
changes
spike
rate
selective
for
Go
cue.
This
signal
is
transmitted
via
thalamus
cortex,
where
it
triggers
a
rapid
reorganization
state
planning-related
command,
which
turn
drives
appropriate
movement.
Our
studies
can
control
cortical
dynamics
precise
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
45(1), С. 63 - 85
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022
Locomotion
is
a
universal
motor
behavior
that
expressed
as
the
output
of
many
integrated
brain
functions.
organized
at
several
levels
nervous
system,
with
brainstem
circuits
acting
gate
between
areas
regulating
innate,
emotional,
or
motivational
locomotion
and
executive
spinal
circuits.
Here
we
review
recent
advances
on
involved
in
controlling
locomotion.
We
describe
how
delineated
command
govern
start,
speed,
stop,
steering
also
discuss
these
pathways
interface
cord
diverse
important
for
context-specific
selection
A
recurrent
theme
need
to
establish
functional
connectome
from
Finally,
point
unresolved
issues
concerning
function
locomotor
control.
Respiration
is
a
brain
function
on
which
our
lives
essentially
depend.
Control
of
respiration
ensures
that
the
frequency
and
depth
breathing
adapt
continuously
to
metabolic
needs.
In
addition,
respiratory
control
network
has
organize
muscular
synergies
integrate
ventilation
with
posture
body
movement.
Finally,
coupled
cardiovascular
emotion.
Here,
we
argue
can
handle
this
all
by
integrating
brainstem
central
pattern
generator
circuit
in
larger
also
comprises
cerebellum.
Although
currently
not
generally
recognized
as
center,
cerebellum
well
known
for
its
coordinating
modulating
role
motor
behavior,
autonomic
nervous
system.
review,
discuss
regions
involved
respiration,
their
anatomical
functional
interactions.
We
how
sensory
feedback
result
adaptation
these
mechanisms
be
compromised
various
neurological
psychological
disorders.
demonstrate
generators
are
part
integrated
regions.
