Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2020
Research
on
critical
periods
of
brain
development
is
greatly
expanding
our
understanding
the
cellular
and
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
epochs
heightened
plasticity
driven
by
environmental
influence.
Novel
studies
have
started
to
reveal
that
timely
interventions
during
hold
potential
reorient
abnormal
developmental
trajectories
in
animal
models
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
re-examine
fundamental
criteria
characterize
a
period,
highlighting
recently
discovered
health
disease.
addition,
touch
upon
technological
improvements
modelling
human-derived
neural
networks
vitro.
These
scientific
advances
associated
with
use
manipulations
immature
represent
promising
new
preclinical
setting
will
allow
future
translatability
into
clinical
applications
for
neurodevelopmental
disorders
such
as
intellectual
disability,
autism
spectrum
schizophrenia.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
12(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2021
Abstract
Grid
cells
are
part
of
a
widespread
network
which
supports
navigation
and
spatial
memory.
Stable
grid
patterns
appear
late
in
development,
concert
with
extracellular
matrix
aggregates
termed
perineuronal
nets
(PNNs)
that
condense
around
inhibitory
neurons.
It
has
been
suggested
PNNs
stabilize
synaptic
connections
long-term
memories,
but
their
role
the
cell
remains
elusive.
We
show
removal
leads
to
lower
spiking
activity,
reduces
cells’
ability
create
stable
representations
novel
environment.
Furthermore,
animals
disrupted
PNNs,
exposure
arena
corrupted
spatiotemporal
relationships
within
modules,
stored
familiar
arena.
Finally,
we
PNN
entorhinal
cortex
distorted
downstream
hippocampal
Together
this
work
suggests
provide
key
stabilizing
element
for
network.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
117(38), С. 23242 - 23251
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2020
Brain
plasticity
is
dynamically
regulated
across
the
life
span,
peaking
during
windows
of
early
life.
Typically
assessed
in
physiological
range
milliseconds
(real
time),
these
trajectories
are
also
influenced
on
longer
timescales
developmental
time
(nurture)
and
evolutionary
(nature),
which
shape
neural
architectures
that
support
plasticity.
Properly
sequenced
critical
periods
circuit
refinement
build
up
complex
cognitive
functions,
such
as
language,
from
more
primary
modalities.
Here,
we
consider
recent
progress
biological
basis
a
unifying
rubric
for
understanding
multiple
timescales.
Notably,
maturation
parvalbumin-positive
(PV)
inhibitory
neurons
pivotal.
These
fast-spiking
cells
generate
gamma
oscillations
associated
with
period
plasticity,
sensitive
to
circadian
gene
manipulation,
emerge
at
different
rates
brain
regions,
acquire
perineuronal
nets
age,
may
be
by
epigenetic
factors
over
generations.
features
provide
further
novel
insight
into
impact
adversity
neurodevelopmental
risk
mental
disorders.
Nature reviews. Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
22(6), С. 372 - 384
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2021
Childhood
socio-economic
status
(SES),
a
measure
of
the
availability
material
and
social
resources,
is
one
strongest
predictors
lifelong
well-being.
Here
we
review
evidence
that
experiences
associated
with
childhood
SES
affect
not
only
outcome
but
also
pace
brain
development.
We
argue
higher
protracted
structural
development
prolonged
trajectory
functional
network
segregation,
ultimately
leading
to
more
efficient
cortical
networks
in
adulthood.
hypothesize
greater
exposure
chronic
stress
accelerates
maturation,
whereas
access
novel
positive
decelerates
maturation.
discuss
impact
variation
on
plasticity
learning.
provide
generative
theoretical
framework
catalyse
future
basic
science
translational
research
environmental
influences
Evidence
suggests
can
its
rate.
Tooley,
Bassett
Mackey
this
suggest
valence
frequency
early
interact
influence
Science,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
363(6425), С. 413 - 417
Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2019
Inhibitory
synapse
specificity
As
neurons
build
circuits
in
the
developing
brain,
they
select
not
only
what
other
to
connect
but
also
where
on
that
neuron
will
touch
base.
Working
mice,
Favuzzi
et
al.
found
gene
expression
programs
define
subsets
of
interneurons
postsynaptic
partner
those
prefer
a
synapse.
One
class
prefers
onto
cell
body
pyramidal
neurons,
another
dendrites,
and
yet
axon
initial
segment.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
413
EBioMedicine,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
58, С. 102919 - 102919
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2020
BackgroundMicroglia,
the
brain's
principal
immune
cell,
are
increasingly
implicated
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
but
molecular
interfaces
through
which
these
cells
contribute
to
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)-related
neurodegeneration
unclear.
We
recently
identified
microglial
contributions
homeostatic
and
disease-associated
modulation
of
perineuronal
nets
(PNNs),
extracellular
matrix
structures
that
enwrap
stabilize
neuronal
synapses,
whether
PNNs
altered
AD
remains
controversial.MethodsExtensive
histological
analysis
was
performed
on
male
female
5xFAD
mice
at
4,
8,
12,
18
months
age
assess
plaque
burden,
microgliosis,
PNNs.
Findings
were
validated
postmortem
tissue.
The
role
neuroinflammation
PNN
loss
investigated
via
LPS
treatment,
ability
prevent
or
rescue
disease-related
reductions
assessed
by
treating
3xTg-AD
model
with
colony-stimulating
factor
1
receptor
(CSF1R)
inhibitor
PLX5622
deplete
microglia.FindingsUtilizing
mouse
human
cortical
tissue,
we
report
extensively
lost
proportion
burden.
Activated
microglia
closely
associate
engulf
damaged
brain,
inclusions
material
evident
microglia,
while
aggrecan,
a
critical
component,
deposits
within
dense-core
plaques.
Disease-associated
parvalbumin
(PV)+
interneurons,
frequently
coated
PNNs,
preceded
coverage
integrity
impairments,
similar
phenotypes
elicited
wild-type
following
activation
LPS.
Chronic
pharmacological
depletion
prevents
loss,
results
observed
aged
mice,
this
occurs
despite
persistence.InterpretationWe
conclude
phenotypically
facilitate
plaque-dependent
brain.FundingThe
NIH
(NIA,
NINDS)
Association.
