Psychological Science in the Public Interest,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
20(2), С. 96 - 127
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2019
Two
major
questions
about
addictive
behaviors
need
to
be
explained
by
any
worthwhile
neurobiological
theory.
First,
why
do
people
seek
drugs
in
the
first
place?
Second,
some
who
use
seem
eventually
become
unable
resist
drug
temptation
and
so
"addicted"?
We
will
review
theories
of
addiction
that
address
negative-reinforcement
views
(i.e.,
taking
opioids
alleviate
distress
or
withdrawal),
positive-reinforcement
for
euphoria),
habit
growth
automatic
drug-use
routines),
incentive-sensitization
excessive
"wanting"
take
as
a
result
dopamine-related
sensitization),
cognitive-dysfunction
impaired
prefrontal
top-down
control),
including
those
involving
competing
neurobehavioral
decision
systems
(CNDS),
role
insula
modulating
craving.
In
special
case
opioids,
particular
attention
is
paid
whether
their
analgesic
effects
overlap
with
reinforcing
perceived
low
risk
legal
medicinal
which
are
often
prescribed
health
professional,
could
play
use.
Specifically,
we
issue
predisposition
vulnerability
becoming
addicted
question
experiment
develop
an
addiction,
while
others
not).
Finally,
attempts
novel
therapeutic
strategies
policy
ideas
help
prevent
opioid
other
substance
abuse.
NeuroImage,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
200, С. 313 - 331
Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2019
Aberrant
patterns
of
brain
functional
connectivity
in
the
default
mode
network
(DMN)
have
been
observed
across
different
classes
substance
use
disorder
(SUD)
and
are
associated
with
craving
relapse.
In
addicted
individuals
resting
(RSFC)
anterior
DMN,
which
participates
attribution
personal
value
emotional
regulation,
tends
to
be
decreased,
whereas
RSFC
posterior
directs
attention
internal
world,
increased.
within
DMN
is
believed
contribute
impaired
self-awareness,
negative
emotions
ruminations
addiction.
Additionally,
disrupted
between
cortical
regions
involved
executive
function,
memory
emotion
could
critical
drug-taking
regardless
consequences
stress-triggered
At
system
level,
dynamics
interactions
control
salience
networks
also
disturbed
The
prominently
engaged
during
withdrawal
preoccupation
phases
addiction
cycle
at
expense
an
enhanced
participation
network.
contrast,
prominence
appears
transitorily
decreased
intoxication
phases.
There
growing
evidence
that
disruption
reflects
part
changes
dopaminergic,
glutamatergic,
GABAergic
signaling
acute
chronic
drug
use.
Findings
starting
reveal
as
a
potential
biomarker
for
predicting
clinical
outcomes
SUD
identify
promising
target
treatment
Addiction,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
114(6), С. 1095 - 1109
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2018
The
US
National
Institutes
of
Mental
Health
Research
Domain
Criteria
(RDoC)
seek
to
stimulate
research
into
biologically
validated
neuropsychological
dimensions
across
mental
illness
symptoms
and
diagnoses.
RDoC
framework
comprises
39
functional
constructs
designed
be
revised
refined,
with
the
overall
goal
improving
diagnostic
validity
treatments.
This
study
aimed
reach
a
consensus
among
experts
in
addiction
field
on
'primary'
most
relevant
substance
behavioural
addictions.Forty-four
were
recruited
from
Australia,
Asia,
Europe
Americas.
Delphi
technique
was
used
determine
as
degree
importance
each
construct
understanding
essential
underpinning
addictive
behaviours.
Expert
opinions
canvassed
online
over
three
rounds
(97%
completion
rate),
consecutive
round
offering
feedback
for
review
their
opinions.Seven
endorsed
by
≥
80%
behaviour:
five
Positive
Valence
System
(reward
valuation,
expectancy,
action
selection,
reward
learning,
habit);
one
Cognitive
Control
(response
selection/inhibition);
expert-initiated
(compulsivity).
These
rated
related
differentially
stages
cycle,
some
linked
more
closely
onset
others
chronicity.
Experts
agreed
that
these
apply
range
addictions.The
offers
novel
neuropsychologically
informed
theoretical
framework,
well
cogent
step
forward
test
transdiagnostic
concepts
research,
direct
implications
assessment,
diagnosis,
staging
disorder,
treatment.
World Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
20(2), С. 171 - 193
Опубликована: Май 18, 2021
The
Hierarchical
Taxonomy
of
Psychopathology
(HiTOP)
is
an
empirical
effort
to
address
limitations
traditional
mental
disorder
diagnoses.
These
include
arbitrary
boundaries
between
and
normality,
co‐occurrence
in
the
modal
case,
heterogeneity
presentation
within
disorders,
instability
diagnosis
patients.
This
paper
reviews
evidence
on
validity
utility
disinhibited
externalizing
antagonistic
spectra
HiTOP,
which
together
constitute
a
broad
superspectrum.
are
composed
elements
subsumed
variety
disorders
described
recent
DSM
nosologies,
including
most
notably
substance
use
“Cluster
B”
personality
disorders.
superspectrum
ranges
from
normative
levels
impulse
control
self‐assertion,
maladaptive
disinhibition
antagonism,
extensive
polysubstance
involvement
psychopathology.
A
rich
literature
supports
superspectrum,
spectra.
encompasses
common
genetic
influences,
environmental
risk
factors,
childhood
antecedents,
cognitive
abnormalities,
neural
alterations,
treatment
response.
structure
these
validators
mirrors
phenotypic
with
some
correlates
more
specific
or
spectra,
others
relevant
entire
underlining
hierarchical
domain.
Compared
diagnostic
categories,
conceptualization
shows
improved
utility,
reliability,
explanatory
capacity,
clinical
applicability.
one
aspect
general
approach
psychopathology
offered
by
HiTOP
can
make
classification
useful
both
research
clinic.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
21(3), С. 281 - 290
Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2019
In
this
targeted
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
on
substance-use
disorder
(SUD)-related
cognitive
deficits,
the
link
between
these
deficits
and
clinical
outcomes,
training,
remediation,
pharmacological
approaches
that
have
potential
to
rescue
cognition.
We
conclude
that:
(i)
people
with
SUDs
moderate
in
memory,
attention,
executive
functions,
decision-making
(including
reward
expectancy,
valuation,
learning);
(ii)
higher-order
functions
are
significant
predictors
of
relapse;
(iii)
training
programs
targeting
reward-related
appetitive
biases,
remediation
strategies
goal-based
decision-making,
pharmacotherapies
impulsivity
SUD-related
deficits.
suggest
avenues
for
future
research,
including
developing
brief,
clinically
oriented
harmonized
testing
suites
improve
individualized
prediction
treatment
outcomes;
computational
modeling
can
achieve
deep
phenotyping
subtypes
likely
respond
different
interventions;
phenotype-targeted
cognitive,
pharmacological,
combined
interventions.
a
tentative
model
neuroscience-informed
precision
medicine.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
unknown, С. 2615 - 18
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2019
The
acquisition
of
drug,
including
alcohol,
use
is
associated
with
activation
the
mesolimbic
dopamine
system.
However,
over
course
drug
exposure
control
seeking
progressively
devolves
to
anterior
dorsal
striatum
(aDLS)
dopamine-dependent
mechanisms.
causal
importance
this
functional
recruitment
aDLS
in
switch
from
controlled
compulsive
vulnerable
individuals
remains
be
established.
Here
we
tested
hypothesis
that
individual
differences
susceptibility
alcohol
predicts
and
underlies
development
seeking.
Male
alcohol-preferring
rats,
phenotype
which
was
confirmed
an
intermittent
two-bottle
choice
procedure,
were
implanted
bilaterally
cannulae
above
trained
instrumentally
on
a
seeking–taking
chained
schedule
reinforcement
until
some
developed
behavior.
behavior
investigated
before
after
compulsivity
by
measuring
extent
bilateral
infusions
receptor
antagonist
α-flupenthixol
(0,
5,
10,
15
μg/side)
decreased
at
different
stages
training,
as
follows:
(1)
instrumental
taking
responses
for
alcohol;
(2)
alcohol-seeking
well
established;
(3)
punishment-resistant
Only
alcohol-seeking,
not
alcohol-taking,
became
dependent
dopamine.
Further,
marked
blockade
actually
predicted
vulnerability
develop
seeking,
but
only
subjects
control.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Over
addictive
exposure,
there
transition
ventral
mechanisms,
it
unclear
whether
causally
involved
We
reliance
emergence
identified
established
behavior,
mechanisms
also
showed
subsequent
Thus,
those
whom
depended
subsequently
display
compulsivity.