Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Март 23, 2021
Type
I
and
type
II
classical
cadherins
comprise
a
family
of
cell
adhesion
molecules
that
regulate
sorting
tissue
separation
by
forming
specific
homo
heterophilic
bonds.
Factors
affect
cadherin-mediated
cell-cell
include
cadherin
binding
affinity
expression
level.
This
study
examines
the
pattern
(
Cdh1
,
Cdh2
Cdh3
Cdh4
),
Cdh6
Cdh7
Cdh8
Cdh9
Cdh10
Cdh11
Cdh12
Cdh18
Cdh20
Cdh24
atypical
13
Cdh13
)
during
distinct
morphogenetic
events
in
developing
mouse
central
nervous
system
from
embryonic
day
11.5
to
postnatal
56.
Cadherin
mRNA
levels
obtained
situ
hybridization
experiments
carried
out
at
Allen
Institute
for
Brain
Science
https://alleninstitute.org/
were
retrieved
Developing
Mouse
Atlas.
is
most
abundantly
expressed
throughout
development,
while
are
low
levels.
show
dynamic
varies
between
neuroanatomical
structures
developmental
ages.
Atypical
correlates
with
abundancy
localization.
Analyses
relative
estimated
their
level
substantial
differences
adhesive
properties
regions
neural
tube
associated
segmentation
along
anterior–posterior
axis.
Differences
also
observed
brain
nuclei
subpallium
(basal
ganglia),
suggesting
differential
contributes
segregation
neuronal
pools.
In
adult
cerebral
cortex,
abundant
intermediate
layers,
shows
gradated
deeper
layer
6
superficial
1,
more
layers.
Person’s
correlation
analyses
patterns
areas
layers
cortex
significant
correlations
certain
cortical
basal
ganglia.
The
wide
range
including
organization
neurons
into
nuclei,
formation
circuits.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
40(27), С. 5177 - 5195
Опубликована: Май 26, 2020
Amacrine
cells
(ACs)
are
a
diverse
class
of
interneurons
that
modulate
input
from
photoreceptors
to
retinal
ganglion
(RGCs),
rendering
each
RGC
type
selectively
sensitive
particular
visual
features,
which
then
relayed
the
brain.
While
many
AC
types
have
been
identified
morphologically
and
physiologically,
they
not
comprehensively
classified
or
molecularly
characterized.
We
used
high-throughput
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
profile
>32,000
ACs
mice
both
sexes
applied
computational
methods
identify
63
types.
molecular
markers
for
them
characterize
morphology
multiple
show
include
nearly
all
previously
known
as
well
had
described.
Consistent
with
previous
studies,
most
expressed
canonical
inhibitory
neurotransmitters
GABA
glycine,
but
several
neither
both.
In
addition,
one
more
neuropeptides,
two
glutamatergic
markers.
also
explored
transcriptomic
relationships
among
transcription
factors
by
individual
closely
related
Noteworthy
these
were
Meis2Tcf4,
GABAergic
glycinergic
types,
respectively.
Together,
results
provide
foundation
developmental
functional
studies
ACs,
means
genetically
accessing
them.
Along
molecular,
physiological,
morphologic
analyses,
establish
existence
at
least
130
neuronal
140
cell
in
mouse
retina.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
The
retina
is
leading
model
analyzing
development,
structure,
function,
pathology
neural
circuits.
A
complete
atlas
provides
an
important
studies.
heterogeneous
interneurons,
amacrine
cells,
identifying
distinct
includes
novel
evidence
use
groups
Combining
those
obtained
previously,
we
proposed
contains
∼130
therefore
comparable
complexity
other
regions
Retinal
structure
and
function
have
been
studied
in
many
vertebrate
orders,
but
molecular
characterization
has
largely
confined
to
mammals.
We
used
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
generate
a
cell
atlas
of
the
chick
retina.
identified
136
types
plus
14
positional
or
developmental
intermediates
distributed
among
six
classes
conserved
across
vertebrates
–
photoreceptor,
horizontal,
bipolar,
amacrine,
retinal
ganglion,
glial
cells.
To
assess
morphology
molecularly
defined
types,
we
adapted
method
for
CRISPR-based
integration
reporters
into
selectively
expressed
genes.
For
Müller
glia,
found
that
transcriptionally
distinct
cells
were
regionally
localized
along
anterior-posterior,
dorsal-ventral,
central-peripheral
axes.
also
immature
horizontal
cell,
oligodendrocyte
persist
late
embryonic
stages.
Finally,
analyzed
relationships
chick,
mouse,
primate
types.
Our
results
provide
foundation
anatomical,
physiological,
evolutionary,
studies
avian
visual
system.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
118(10)
Опубликована: Март 2, 2021
Pericytes
regulate
the
development
of
organ-specific
characteristics
brain
vasculature
such
as
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
and
astrocytic
end-feet.
Whether
pericytes
are
involved
in
control
leukocyte
trafficking
adult
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
a
process
tightly
regulated
by
CNS
vasculature,
remains
elusive.
Using
pericyte-deficient
mice
(Pdgfbret/ret
),
we
show
that
limit
infiltration
into
during
homeostasis
autoimmune
neuroinflammation.
The
permissiveness
toward
Pdgfbret/ret
inversely
correlates
with
vessel
pericyte
coverage.
Upon
induction
experimental
encephalomyelitis
(EAE),
die
severe
atypical
EAE,
which
can
be
reversed
fingolimod,
indicating
mortality
is
due
to
massive
influx
immune
cells
brain.
Additionally,
administration
anti-VCAM-1
anti-ICAM-1
antibodies
reduces
diminishes
severity
EAE
symptoms
mice,
proinflammatory
endothelium
absence
facilitates
exaggerated
Furthermore,
presence
myelin
peptide-specific
peripheral
T
;2D2tg
leads
spontaneous
neurological
paralleled
leukocytes
These
findings
indicate
intrinsic
changes
within
promote
neuroinflammatory
disorder.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023
The
visual
signal
processing
in
the
retina
requires
precise
organization
of
diverse
neuronal
types
working
concert.
While
single-cell
omics
studies
have
identified
more
than
120
different
subtypes
mouse
retina,
little
is
known
about
their
spatial
organization.
Here,
we
generated
atlas
using
multiplexed
error-robust
fluorescence
situ
hybridization
(MERFISH).
We
profiled
over
390,000
cells
and
all
major
cell
nearly
through
integration
with
reference
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
data.
Our
allowed
simultaneous
examination
revealing
8
previously
unknown
displaced
amacrine
establishing
connection
between
molecular
classification
many
arrangement.
Furthermore,
spatially
dependent
differential
gene
expression
subtypes,
suggesting
possibility
functional
tuning
based
on
location.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(25)
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Human
pluripotent
stem
cell
(hPSC)-derived
retinal
organoids
are
three-dimensional
cellular
aggregates
that
differentiate
and
self-organize
to
closely
mimic
the
spatial
temporal
patterning
of
developing
human
retina.
Retinal
organoid
models
serve
as
reliable
tools
for
studying
retinogenesis,
yet
limitations
in
efficiency
reproducibility
current
differentiation
protocols
have
reduced
use
these
more
high-throughput
applications
such
disease
modeling
drug
screening.
To
address
shortcomings,
study
aimed
standardize
prior
yield
a
highly
reproducible
efficient
method
generating
organoids.
Results
demonstrated
through
regulation
size
shape
using
quick
reaggregation
methods,
were
compared
traditional
methods.
Additionally,
timed
activation
BMP
signaling
within
cells
generated
pure
populations
at
100%
from
multiple
widely
used
lines,
with
default
forebrain
fate
resulting
inhibition
signaling.
Furthermore,
given
ability
direct
or
fates
complete
purity,
mRNA-seq
analyses
then
utilized
identify
some
earliest
transcriptional
changes
occur
during
specification
two
lineages
common
progenitor.
These
improved
methods
also
yielded
expedited
timelines
when
Taken
together,
results
this
demonstrate
development
minimally
variable
suitable
analyzing
stages
specification.