Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
478, С. 41 - 58
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2021
Recent
advances
in
high
throughput
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
technology
have
enabled
the
simultaneous
transcriptomic
profiling
of
thousands
individual
cells
a
single
experiment.
To
investigate
intrinsic
process
retinal
development,
researchers
leveraged
this
to
quantify
gene
expression
across
multiple
species,
and
from
numerous
important
models
human
disease.
In
review,
we
summarize
recent
applications
scRNA-seq
discuss
how
these
datasets
complemented
advanced
our
understanding
progenitor
cell
competence,
fate
specification,
differentiation.
Finally,
also
highlight
outstanding
questions
field
that
data
generation
analysis
will
soon
be
able
answer.
Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
31(11), С. R741 - R762
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2021
The
superior
colliculus,
or
tectum
in
the
case
of
non-mammalian
vertebrates,
is
a
part
brain
that
registers
events
surrounding
space,
often
through
vision
and
hearing,
but
also
electrosensation,
infrared
detection,
other
sensory
modalities
diverse
vertebrate
lineages.
This
information
used
to
form
maps
space
positions
different
salient
stimuli
relation
individual.
are
arranged
layers
with
visual
input
uppermost
layer,
senses
deeper
positions,
spatially
aligned
motor
map
deepest
layer.
Here,
we
will
review
organization
intrinsic
function
tectum/superior
colliculus
processed
within
tectal
circuits.
We
discuss
tectal/superior
outputs
conveyed
directly
downstream
circuits
via
thalamus
cortical
areas
control
various
aspects
behavior.
evolutionarily
conserved
among
all
tailored
specialties
each
lineage,
its
roles
have
shifted
emergence
cerebral
cortex
mammals.
illustrate
both
divergent
properties
evolution
by
comparing
processing
lampreys
belonging
oldest
group
extant
larval
zebrafish,
rodents,
vertebrates
including
primates.
Retinal
structure
and
function
have
been
studied
in
many
vertebrate
orders,
but
molecular
characterization
has
largely
confined
to
mammals.
We
used
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
generate
a
cell
atlas
of
the
chick
retina.
identified
136
types
plus
14
positional
or
developmental
intermediates
distributed
among
six
classes
conserved
across
vertebrates
–
photoreceptor,
horizontal,
bipolar,
amacrine,
retinal
ganglion,
glial
cells.
To
assess
morphology
molecularly
defined
types,
we
adapted
method
for
CRISPR-based
integration
reporters
into
selectively
expressed
genes.
For
Müller
glia,
found
that
transcriptionally
distinct
cells
were
regionally
localized
along
anterior-posterior,
dorsal-ventral,
central-peripheral
axes.
also
immature
horizontal
cell,
oligodendrocyte
persist
late
embryonic
stages.
Finally,
analyzed
relationships
chick,
mouse,
primate
types.
Our
results
provide
foundation
anatomical,
physiological,
evolutionary,
studies
avian
visual
system.
Nature,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
624(7991), С. 415 - 424
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023
Abstract
The
basic
plan
of
the
retina
is
conserved
across
vertebrates,
yet
species
differ
profoundly
in
their
visual
needs
1
.
Retinal
cell
types
may
have
evolved
to
accommodate
these
varied
needs,
but
this
has
not
been
systematically
studied.
Here
we
generated
and
integrated
single-cell
transcriptomic
atlases
from
17
species:
humans,
two
non-human
primates,
four
rodents,
three
ungulates,
opossum,
ferret,
tree
shrew,
a
bird,
reptile,
teleost
fish
lamprey.
We
found
high
molecular
conservation
six
retinal
classes
(photoreceptors,
horizontal
cells,
bipolar
amacrine
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
Müller
glia),
with
variation
related
evolutionary
distance.
Major
subclasses
were
also
conserved,
whereas
among
within
or
was
more
pronounced.
However,
an
integrative
analysis
revealed
that
numerous
are
shared
species,
based
on
gene
expression
programmes
likely
trace
back
early
ancestral
vertebrate.
degree
increased
outer
(photoreceptors)
inner
(RGCs),
suggesting
evolution
acts
preferentially
shape
output.
Finally,
identified
rodent
orthologues
midget
RGCs,
which
comprise
than
80%
RGCs
human
retina,
subserve
high-acuity
vision,
previously
believed
be
restricted
primates
2
By
contrast,
mouse
large
receptive
fields
around
2%
RGCs.
Projections
both
primate
orthologous
overrepresented
thalamus,
supplies
primary
cortex.
suggest
innovations,
descendants
evolutionarily
ancient
decreased
size
number
as
evolved,
thereby
facilitating
acuity
cortical
processing
information.
The
advent
of
multimodal
brain
atlases
promises
to
accelerate
progress
in
neuroscience
by
allowing
silico
queries
neuron
morphology,
connectivity,
and
gene
expression.
We
used
multiplexed
fluorescent
situ
RNA
hybridization
chain
reaction
(HCR)
technology
generate
expression
maps
across
the
larval
zebrafish
for
a
growing
set
marker
genes.
data
were
registered
Max
Planck
Zebrafish
Brain
(mapzebrain)
atlas,
thus
covisualization
expression,
single-neuron
tracings,
expertly
curated
anatomical
segmentations.
Using
post
hoc
HCR
labeling
immediate
early
cfos,
we
mapped
responses
prey
stimuli
food
ingestion
freely
swimming
larvae.
This
unbiased
approach
revealed,
addition
previously
described
visual
motor
areas,
cluster
neurons
secondary
gustatory
nucleus,
which
express
calb2a,
as
well
specific
neuropeptide
Y
receptor,
project
hypothalamus.
discovery
exemplifies
power
this
new
atlas
resource
neurobiology.
Abstract
Neuronal
phenotypic
traits
such
as
morphology,
connectivity
and
function
are
dictated,
to
a
large
extent,
by
specific
combination
of
differentially
expressed
genes.
Clusters
neurons
in
transcriptomic
space
correspond
distinct
cell
types
some
cases—for
example,
Caenorhabditis
elegans
1
retinal
ganglion
cells
2–4
—have
been
shown
share
morphology
function.
The
zebrafish
optic
tectum
is
composed
spatial
array
that
transforms
visual
inputs
into
motor
outputs.
Although
the
visuotopic
map
continuous,
subregions
functionally
specialized
5,6
.
Here,
uncover
cell-type
architecture
tectum,
we
transcriptionally
profiled
its
neurons,
revealing
more
than
60
organized
anatomical
layers.
We
measured
responses
thousands
tectal
two-photon
calcium
imaging
matched
them
with
their
transcriptional
profiles.
Furthermore,
characterized
morphologies
identified
using
transgenic
lines.
Notably,
found
similar
can
diverge
shape,
responses.
Incorporating
coordinates
within
volume
revealed
morphologically
defined
subclusters
individual
clusters.
Our
findings
demonstrate
extrinsic,
position-dependent
factors
expand
repertoire
genetically
neurons.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2022
Abstract
Habituation
is
a
form
of
learning
during
which
animals
stop
responding
to
repetitive
stimuli,
and
deficits
in
habituation
are
characteristic
several
psychiatric
disorders.
Due
technical
challenges,
the
brain-wide
networks
mediating
poorly
understood.
Here
we
report
calcium
imaging
larval
zebrafish
repeated
visual
looming
stimuli.
We
show
that
different
functional
categories
loom-sensitive
neurons
located
locations
throughout
brain,
both
properties
their
resulting
behavior
can
be
modulated
by
stimulus
saliency
timing.
Using
graph
theory,
identify
circuit
habituates
minimally,
moderately
habituating
midbrain
population
proposed
mediate
sensorimotor
transformation,
downstream
elements
responsible
for
higher
order
representations
delivery
behavior.
Zebrafish
larvae
carrying
mutation
fmr1
gene
have
systematic
shift
toward
sustained
premotor
activity
this
network,
slower
behavioral
habituation.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
18(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023
Retinal
ganglion
cell
(RGC)
death
in
glaucoma
and
other
optic
neuropathies
results
irreversible
vision
loss
due
to
the
mammalian
central
nervous
system's
limited
regenerative
capacity.
RGC
repopulation
is
a
promising
therapeutic
approach
reverse
from
if
newly
introduced
neurons
can
reestablish
functional
retinal
thalamic
circuits.
In
theory,
RGCs
might
be
repopulated
through
transplantation
of
stem
cell-derived
or
via
induction
endogenous
transdifferentiation.
The
Repopulation,
Stem
Cell
Transplantation,
Optic
Nerve
Regeneration
(RReSTORe)
Consortium
was
established
address
challenges
associated
with
repair
visual
pathway
neuropathy.
2022,
RReSTORe
initiated
ongoing
international
collaborative
discussions
advance
field
has
identified
five
critical
areas
focus:
(1)
development
differentiation,
(2)
Transplantation
methods
models,
(3)
survival,
maturation,
host
interactions,
(4)
Inner
wiring,
(5)
Eye-to-brain
connectivity.
Here,
we
discuss
most
pertinent
questions
that
exist
on
path
clinical
translation
suggest
experimental
directions
propel
this
work
going
forward.
Using
these
subtopic
discussion
groups
(SDGs)
as
framework,
multidisciplinary
approaches
restore
diseased
by
leveraging
groundbreaking
insights
developmental
neuroscience,
biology,
molecular
optical
imaging,
animal
models
neuropathy,
immunology
&
immunotolerance,
neuropathology
neuroprotection,
materials
science
biomedical
engineering,
neuroscience.
While
significant
hurdles
remain,
Consortium's
efforts
provide
comprehensive
roadmap
for
advancing
hold
potential
transformative
progress
restoring
patients
suffering
neuropathies.