Current Principles of Motor Control, with Special Reference to Vertebrate Locomotion

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 100(1), С. 271 - 320

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2019

The vertebrate control of locomotion involves all levels the nervous system from cortex to spinal cord. Here, we aim cover main aspects this complex behavior, operation microcircuits in cord systems and behavioral extend mammalian basic undulatory movements lamprey fish. cellular basis propulsion represents core system, it central pattern generator networks (CPGs) controlling timing different muscles, sensory compensation for perturbations, brain stem command level activity CPGs speed locomotion. forebrain particular basal ganglia are involved determining which motor programs should be recruited at a given point time can both initiate stop locomotor activity. propulsive needs integrated with postural maintain body orientation. Moreover, need steered so that subject approaches goal episode, or avoids colliding elements environment simply escapes high speed. These will covered review.

Язык: Английский

---

Computational Neuroethology: A Call to Action

Neuron, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 104(1), С. 11 - 24

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

B-SOiD, an open-source unsupervised algorithm for identification and fast prediction of behaviors

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2021

Abstract Studying naturalistic animal behavior remains a difficult objective. Recent machine learning advances have enabled limb localization; however, extracting behaviors requires ascertaining the spatiotemporal patterns of these positions. To provide link from poses to actions and their kinematics, we developed B-SOiD - an open-source, unsupervised algorithm that identifies without user bias. By training classifier on pose pattern statistics clustered using new methods, our approach achieves greatly improved processing speed ability generalize across subjects or labs. Using frameshift alignment paradigm, overcomes previous temporal resolution barriers. only single, off-the-shelf camera, provides categories sub-action for trained kinematic measures individual trajectories in any model. These behavioral are but critical obtain, particularly study rodent other models pain, OCD, movement disorders.

Язык: Английский

---

Reverse-translational identification of a cerebellar satiation network

Nature, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 600(7888), С. 269 - 273

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Brainstem Circuits for Locomotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 45(1), С. 63 - 85

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2022

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that expressed as the output of many integrated brain functions. organized at several levels nervous system, with brainstem circuits acting gate between areas regulating innate, emotional, or motivational locomotion and executive spinal circuits. Here we review recent advances on involved in controlling locomotion. We describe how delineated command govern start, speed, stop, steering also discuss these pathways interface cord diverse important for context-specific selection A recurrent theme need to establish functional connectome from Finally, point unresolved issues concerning function locomotor control.

Язык: Английский

---

Climbing fibers provide essential instructive signals for associative learning

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(5), С. 940 - 951

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Supervised learning depends on instructive signals that shape the output of neural circuits to support learned changes in behavior. Climbing fiber (CF) inputs cerebellar cortex represent one strongest candidates vertebrate brain for conveying signals. However, recent studies have shown Purkinje cell stimulation can also drive and relative importance these two neuron types providing cerebellum-dependent behaviors remains unresolved. In present study we used cell-type-specific perturbations various circuit elements systematically evaluate their contributions delay eyeblink conditioning mice. Our findings reveal that, although optogenetic either CFs or cells under some conditions, even subtle reductions CF signaling completely block natural stimuli. We conclude corresponding complex spike events provide essential associative learning.

Язык: Английский

---

Bidirectional learning in upbound and downbound microzones of the cerebellum

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 22(2), С. 92 - 110

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Control of Orienting Movements and Locomotion by Projection-Defined Subsets of Brainstem V2a Neurons

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 30(23), С. 4665 - 4681.e6

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2020

Spatial orientation requires the execution of lateralized movements and a change in animal's heading response to multiple sensory modalities. While much research has focused on circuits for integration, chiefly midbrain superior colliculus (SC), downstream cells that engage adequate motor actions have remained elusive. Furthermore, mechanisms supporting trajectory changes are still speculative. Here, using transneuronal viral tracings mice, we show brainstem V2a neurons, genetically defined subtype glutamatergic neurons reticular formation, receive putative synaptic inputs from contralateral SC. This makes them candidate relay orienting commands. We next unilateral optogenetic activations vivo evoked ipsilateral orienting-like responses head nose tip stationary mice. When animals walking, similar stimulations impose transient locomotor arrest followed by trajectory. Third, reveal these distinct controlled dedicated subsets each projecting specific spinal cord segment, with at least (1) lumbar-projecting subset whose activation specifically controls speed but neither impacts nor evokes movements, (2) cervical-projecting orientation, not speed. Activating latter suffices steer animals' directional heading, placing as prime driver their modular organization may therefore underlie orchestration during multi-faceted behaviors.

Язык: Английский

---

Neuromodulation of the cerebellum rescues movement in a mouse model of ataxia

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2021

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) relieves motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease, and other movement disorders. Here, we demonstrate the potential benefits of DBS a model ataxia by targeting cerebellum, major center brain. We use Car8 mouse hereditary to test using cerebellar nuclei plus physical activity restore movement. While low-frequency alone improves mobility muscle function, adding skilled exercise treatment regimen additionally rescues limb coordination stepping. Importantly, gains persist absence further stimulation. Because promotes most dramatic improvements mice with early-stage ataxia, postulated that circuit function affects efficacy. Indeed, genetically eliminating Purkinje cell neurotransmission blocked ability reduce ataxia. These findings may be valuable devising future strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Diverse inhibitory projections from the cerebellar interposed nucleus

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2021

The cerebellum consists of parallel circuit modules that contribute to diverse behaviors, spanning motor cognitive. Recent work employing cell-type-specific tracing has identified circumscribed output channels the cerebellar nuclei (CbN) could confer tight functional specificity. These studies have largely focused on excitatory projections CbN, however, leaving open question whether inhibitory neurons also constitute multiple modules. We mapped and input patterns intersectionally restricted cell types interposed adjacent interstitial in mice. In contrast widespread assumption primarily outputs inferior olive-targeting output, we found from this region ramified widely within brainstem, targeting both motor- sensory-related nuclei, distinct targets. Despite differences targeting, monosynaptic rabies revealed shared afferents classes. discuss potential novel roles for context theory.

Язык: Английский

---