Parkinson disease and the gut: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical relevance

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(11), С. 673 - 685

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Fat Therapeutics: The Clinical Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Exosomes for Human Disease and Tissue Regeneration

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Март 3, 2020

Fat grafting is a well-established surgical technique used in plastic surgery to restore deficient tissue, and more recently, for its putative regenerative properties. Despite frequent use of fat grafting, however, scientific understanding the mechanisms underlying either survival grafted or remedial benefits remain lacking. Clinical grafts breast reconstruction tissues damaged by radiotherapy first provided clues regarding clinical potential stem cells drive tissue regeneration. Uninjured introduced into irradiated appeared reverse radiation injury (fibrosis, scarring, contracture pain) clinically; phenomenon since validated several animal studies. In quest explain enhance these therapeutic effects, adipose-derived (ADSCs) were suggested as playing key role techniques enrich ADSCs fat, turn, followed. Stem - body's own rapid response 'road repair crew' are on standby attend variety traumatic insults. may exert influences releasing paracrine-signalling factors alone cell-free extracellular vesicles (EVs, exosomes). Alternatively, augment vital immune/inflammatory processes; themselves differentiate mature adipose provide 'building-blocks' engineered tissue. Regardless, constitutes an ideal source mesenchymal application, due ease harvest processing; relative abundance most patients. Here, we review applications ADSC-enhanced graft, cell therapy; latest evolution EVs nanoparticles human disease.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Frontiers of Neuroimaging: A Review of Recent Advances in Understanding Brain Functioning and Disorders

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(7), С. 1472 - 1472

Опубликована: Июнь 29, 2023

Neuroimaging has revolutionized our understanding of brain function and become an essential tool for researchers studying neurological disorders. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) electroencephalography (EEG) are two widely used neuroimaging techniques to review changes in activity. fMRI is a noninvasive technique that uses fields radio waves produce detailed images. An EEG records the brain’s electrical activity through electrodes placed on scalp. This overviews recent developments functional methods, including EEG. Recent advances technology, its application function, impact neuroscience research discussed. Advances technology applications analyzing neural oscillations also highlighted. In addition, advanced courses neuroimaging, such as diffusion tensor (DTI) transcranial stimulation (TES), described, along with their role connectivity, white matter tracts, potential treatments schizophrenia chronic pain. Application. The concludes by examining studies neurodevelopmental disorders autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD). We described direct current (tDCS) ASD, ADHD, AD, PD. have significantly provided insights into However, further EEG, MRI, TES necessary continue develop new diagnostic therapeutic strategies

Язык: Английский

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Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatment Strategies

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(23), С. 3736 - 3736

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2022

The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients PD undergo dopamine replacement therapy using levodopa during the course of disease’s progression. However, despite fact that “gold standard” treatments and has ability to significantly alleviate symptoms, it comes side effects advanced PD. Levodopa remains current clinical choice patients, but approximately 80% treated develop levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) stages disease. A better understanding pathological mechanisms LID possible means improvement would improve outcome reduce complexity medication use, lower adverse effects, thus, improving quality life prolonging their cycle. This review assesses recent advancements underlying therapeutic management options available after emergence patients. We summarized pathogenesis new LID-related concluded targeting pathways other than dopaminergic pathway treat become a possibility, and, currently, amantadine, drugs 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, surgery can target symptoms caused by LID.

Язык: Английский

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Deep brain stimulation of symptom-specific networks in Parkinson’s disease

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Май 31, 2024

Abstract Deep Brain Stimulation can improve tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and axial symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Potentially, improving each symptom may require stimulation of different white matter tracts. Here, we study a large cohort (N = 237 from five centers) to identify tracts associated improvements the four domains. Tremor were connected primary motor cortex cerebellum. In contrast, are supplementary brainstem. Bradykinesia rigidity premotor cortices, respectively. We introduce an algorithm that uses these symptom-response suggest optimal parameters for DBS based on individual patient’s profiles. Application illustrates our symptom-tract library bear potential personalizing treatment most burdensome patient.

Язык: Английский

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Basal ganglia–spinal cord pathway that commands locomotor gait asymmetries in mice

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(4), С. 716 - 727

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Abstract The basal ganglia are essential for executing motor actions. How the engage spinal networks has remained elusive. Medullary Chx10 gigantocellular (Gi) neurons required turning gait programs, suggesting that gaits organized by executed via this descending pathway. Performing deep brainstem recordings of Gi Ca 2+ activity in adult mice, we show striatal projection initiate a dominant crossed pathway to on contralateral side. Using intersectional viral tracing and cell-type-specific modulation, uncover principal ganglia–spinal cord locomotor asymmetries mice: → pontine reticular nucleus, oral part (PnO) cord. Modulating restricted PnO restores competence upon damage, dysfunction may contribute debilitating deficits observed Parkinson’s disease. Our results reveal stratified circuit architecture underlying critical program.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and dysregulated long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

Biological Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 58(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative whose annual incidence increasing as populations continue to age. Although its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, oxidative stress shown play an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides length, also involved PD at transcriptional level via epigenetic regulation, or post-transcriptional by participating physiological processes, including aggregation α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, stress, calcium stabilization, neuroinflammation. LncRNAs correlated during processes: affects expression multiple lncRNAs, while lncRNAs regulate many genes responses. Oxidative affect other processes associated with neurodegeneration, dysfunction increased neuroinflammation that lead neuronal death. Therefore, modulating levels specific may alleviate pathological damage have neuroprotective effects. This review discusses general mechanisms mechanism underlying PD, teases out through pathogenesis, well identifies possible lncRNAs. Reviewing published studies will help us further understand process identify potential therapeutic strategies for PD.

Язык: Английский

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The role of neuropeptide somatostatin in the brain and its application in treating neurological disorders

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 53(3), С. 328 - 338

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Abstract Somatostatin (SST) is a well-known neuropeptide that expressed throughout the brain. In cortex, SST in subset of GABAergic neurons and known as protein marker inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have identified key functions modulating cortical circuits brain cognitive function. Furthermore, reduced expression hallmark various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease depression. this review, we summarize current knowledge on function particular, describe physiological roles SST-positive interneurons cortex. We further causal relationship between pathophysiological changes such disease. Finally, discuss potential treatments possibility novel drug developments for disorders based analogs derived from experimental clinical studies.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroprotective Effect of Ropinirole Lipid Nanoparticles Enriched Hydrogel for Parkinson’s Disease: In Vitro, Ex Vivo, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 448 - 448

Опубликована: Май 13, 2020

Parkinson's disease (rp) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Ropinirole (RP) newer generation dopamine agonist used for the treatment of PD. It prescribed as oral dosage form. However, limited bioavailability and frequent dosing limits RP usage. The objective current investigation was to develop, optimize, evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK) pharmacodynamic (PCD) activity loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RP-SLNs) nanostructured carriers (RP-NLCs) containing hydrogel (RP-SLN-C RP-NLC-C) formulations improved topical delivery. were optimized converted using carbopol 934 gelling polymer. PK PCD studies in haloperidol-induced PD conducted male Wistar rats. In vitro ex vivo permeation showed sustained release profile enhanced compared with control formulations. Differential scanning calorimeter X-ray diffraction revealed amorphous transformation; electron microscope spherical shape nanoparticles. 2.1 2.7-folds enhancement from RP-SLN RP-NLC administration, 3.0 3.3-folds RP-SLN-C RP-NLC-C formulations, respectively. 1.4 1.2-folds dopamine, glutathione, catalase levels reduced peroxidation levels, model. Overall, results demonstrated that corresponding can be considered an alternative delivery approach effective

Язык: Английский

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Contribution of the Cerebellum and the Basal Ganglia to Language Production: Speech, Word Fluency, and Sentence Construction—Evidence from Pathology

The Cerebellum, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(2), С. 282 - 294

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2020

Abstract Evidence reported in recent decades increasingly confirms that both the cerebellum and basal ganglia, which are primarily involved movement control, also have a significant role vast range of cognitive affective functions. from pathology indicates disorders some aspects language production follow damage or respectively i.e., speech, word fluency, sentence construction, identifiable neuropsychological profiles most manifestations can be specifically attributed to dysfunctions mechanisms supported by one other these structures. The ganglia reciprocally interconnected. Thus, it is plausible observed when involves structures could remote effects abnormal activity other. However, purely clinical-neuropsychological perspective, primary network difficult disentangle. Functional neuroimaging non-invasive brain stimulation techniques likely represent indispensable support for achieving this goal.

Язык: Английский

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