BMB Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 28 - 34
Published: Jan. 31, 2020
Sphingolipids
are
ubiquitous
building
blocks
of
eukaryotic
cell
membranes
that
function
as
signaling
molecules
for
regulating
a
diverse
range
cellular
processes,
including
proliferation,
growth,
survival,
immune-cell
trafficking,
vascular
and
epithelial
integrity,
inflammation.
Recently,
several
studies
have
highlighted
the
pivotal
role
sphingolipids
in
neuroinflammatory
regulation.
multiple
functions,
induction
expression
various
inflammatory
mediators
regulation
neuroinflammation
by
directly
effecting
cells
central
nervous
system.
Accumulating
evidence
points
to
sphingolipid
engagement
disorders,
Alzheimer's
Parkinson's
diseases.
Abnormal
alterations,
which
involves
an
increase
ceramide
decrease
sphingosine
kinase,
observed
during
disease.
These
trends
early
disease
development,
thus
highlight
potential
new
therapeutic
diagnostic
target
[BMB
Reports
2020;
53(1):
28-34].
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: March 3, 2020
Fat
grafting
is
a
well-established
surgical
technique
used
in
plastic
surgery
to
restore
deficient
tissue,
and
more
recently,
for
its
putative
regenerative
properties.
Despite
frequent
use
of
fat
grafting,
however,
scientific
understanding
the
mechanisms
underlying
either
survival
grafted
or
remedial
benefits
remain
lacking.
Clinical
grafts
breast
reconstruction
tissues
damaged
by
radiotherapy
first
provided
clues
regarding
clinical
potential
stem
cells
drive
tissue
regeneration.
Uninjured
introduced
into
irradiated
appeared
reverse
radiation
injury
(fibrosis,
scarring,
contracture
pain)
clinically;
phenomenon
since
validated
several
animal
studies.
In
quest
explain
enhance
these
therapeutic
effects,
adipose-derived
(ADSCs)
were
suggested
as
playing
key
role
techniques
enrich
ADSCs
fat,
turn,
followed.
Stem
-
body's
own
rapid
response
'road
repair
crew'
are
on
standby
attend
variety
traumatic
insults.
may
exert
influences
releasing
paracrine-signalling
factors
alone
cell-free
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs,
exosomes).
Alternatively,
augment
vital
immune/inflammatory
processes;
themselves
differentiate
mature
adipose
provide
'building-blocks'
engineered
tissue.
Regardless,
constitutes
an
ideal
source
mesenchymal
application,
due
ease
harvest
processing;
relative
abundance
most
patients.
Here,
we
review
applications
ADSC-enhanced
graft,
cell
therapy;
latest
evolution
EVs
nanoparticles
human
disease.
Life,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(7), P. 1472 - 1472
Published: June 29, 2023
Neuroimaging
has
revolutionized
our
understanding
of
brain
function
and
become
an
essential
tool
for
researchers
studying
neurological
disorders.
Functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
electroencephalography
(EEG)
are
two
widely
used
neuroimaging
techniques
to
review
changes
in
activity.
fMRI
is
a
noninvasive
technique
that
uses
fields
radio
waves
produce
detailed
images.
An
EEG
records
the
brain’s
electrical
activity
through
electrodes
placed
on
scalp.
This
overviews
recent
developments
functional
methods,
including
EEG.
Recent
advances
technology,
its
application
function,
impact
neuroscience
research
discussed.
Advances
technology
applications
analyzing
neural
oscillations
also
highlighted.
In
addition,
advanced
courses
neuroimaging,
such
as
diffusion
tensor
(DTI)
transcranial
stimulation
(TES),
described,
along
with
their
role
connectivity,
white
matter
tracts,
potential
treatments
schizophrenia
chronic
pain.
Application.
The
concludes
by
examining
studies
neurodevelopmental
disorders
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD),
attention
deficit
hyperactivity
(ADHD),
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD).
We
described
direct
current
(tDCS)
ASD,
ADHD,
AD,
PD.
have
significantly
provided
insights
into
However,
further
EEG,
MRI,
TES
necessary
continue
develop
new
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(23), P. 3736 - 3736
Published: Nov. 23, 2022
The
most
commonly
used
treatment
for
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD)
is
levodopa,
prescribed
in
conjunction
with
carbidopa.
Virtually
all
patients
PD
undergo
dopamine
replacement
therapy
using
levodopa
during
the
course
of
disease’s
progression.
However,
despite
fact
that
“gold
standard”
treatments
and
has
ability
to
significantly
alleviate
symptoms,
it
comes
side
effects
advanced
PD.
Levodopa
remains
current
clinical
choice
patients,
but
approximately
80%
treated
develop
levodopa-induced
dyskinesia
(LID)
stages
disease.
A
better
understanding
pathological
mechanisms
LID
possible
means
improvement
would
improve
outcome
reduce
complexity
medication
use,
lower
adverse
effects,
thus,
improving
quality
life
prolonging
their
cycle.
This
review
assesses
recent
advancements
underlying
therapeutic
management
options
available
after
emergence
patients.
We
summarized
pathogenesis
new
LID-related
concluded
targeting
pathways
other
than
dopaminergic
pathway
treat
become
a
possibility,
and,
currently,
amantadine,
drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine
receptors,
surgery
can
target
symptoms
caused
by
LID.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: May 31, 2024
Abstract
Deep
Brain
Stimulation
can
improve
tremor,
bradykinesia,
rigidity,
and
axial
symptoms
in
patients
with
Parkinson’s
disease.
Potentially,
improving
each
symptom
may
require
stimulation
of
different
white
matter
tracts.
Here,
we
study
a
large
cohort
(N
=
237
from
five
centers)
to
identify
tracts
associated
improvements
the
four
domains.
Tremor
were
connected
primary
motor
cortex
cerebellum.
In
contrast,
are
supplementary
brainstem.
Bradykinesia
rigidity
premotor
cortices,
respectively.
We
introduce
an
algorithm
that
uses
these
symptom-response
suggest
optimal
parameters
for
DBS
based
on
individual
patient’s
profiles.
Application
illustrates
our
symptom-tract
library
bear
potential
personalizing
treatment
most
burdensome
patient.
Nature Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
27(4), P. 716 - 727
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Abstract
The
basal
ganglia
are
essential
for
executing
motor
actions.
How
the
engage
spinal
networks
has
remained
elusive.
Medullary
Chx10
gigantocellular
(Gi)
neurons
required
turning
gait
programs,
suggesting
that
gaits
organized
by
executed
via
this
descending
pathway.
Performing
deep
brainstem
recordings
of
Gi
Ca
2+
activity
in
adult
mice,
we
show
striatal
projection
initiate
a
dominant
crossed
pathway
to
on
contralateral
side.
Using
intersectional
viral
tracing
and
cell-type-specific
modulation,
uncover
principal
ganglia–spinal
cord
locomotor
asymmetries
mice:
→
pontine
reticular
nucleus,
oral
part
(PnO)
cord.
Modulating
restricted
PnO
restores
competence
upon
damage,
dysfunction
may
contribute
debilitating
deficits
observed
Parkinson’s
disease.
Our
results
reveal
stratified
circuit
architecture
underlying
critical
program.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
53(3), P. 328 - 338
Published: March 1, 2021
Abstract
Somatostatin
(SST)
is
a
well-known
neuropeptide
that
expressed
throughout
the
brain.
In
cortex,
SST
in
subset
of
GABAergic
neurons
and
known
as
protein
marker
inhibitory
interneurons.
Recent
studies
have
identified
key
functions
modulating
cortical
circuits
brain
cognitive
function.
Furthermore,
reduced
expression
hallmark
various
neurological
disorders,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease
depression.
this
review,
we
summarize
current
knowledge
on
function
particular,
describe
physiological
roles
SST-positive
interneurons
cortex.
We
further
causal
relationship
between
pathophysiological
changes
such
disease.
Finally,
discuss
potential
treatments
possibility
novel
drug
developments
for
disorders
based
analogs
derived
from
experimental
clinical
studies.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 448 - 448
Published: May 13, 2020
Parkinson's
disease
(rp)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder.
Ropinirole
(RP)
newer
generation
dopamine
agonist
used
for
the
treatment
of
PD.
It
prescribed
as
oral
dosage
form.
However,
limited
bioavailability
and
frequent
dosing
limits
RP
usage.
The
objective
current
investigation
was
to
develop,
optimize,
evaluate
pharmacokinetic
(PK)
pharmacodynamic
(PCD)
activity
loaded
solid
lipid
nanoparticles
(RP-SLNs)
nanostructured
carriers
(RP-NLCs)
containing
hydrogel
(RP-SLN-C
RP-NLC-C)
formulations
improved
topical
delivery.
were
optimized
converted
using
carbopol
934
gelling
polymer.
PK
PCD
studies
in
haloperidol-induced
PD
conducted
male
Wistar
rats.
In
vitro
ex
vivo
permeation
showed
sustained
release
profile
enhanced
compared
with
control
formulations.
Differential
scanning
calorimeter
X-ray
diffraction
revealed
amorphous
transformation;
electron
microscope
spherical
shape
nanoparticles.
2.1
2.7-folds
enhancement
from
RP-SLN
RP-NLC
administration,
3.0
3.3-folds
RP-SLN-C
RP-NLC-C
formulations,
respectively.
1.4
1.2-folds
dopamine,
glutathione,
catalase
levels
reduced
peroxidation
levels,
model.
Overall,
results
demonstrated
that
corresponding
can
be
considered
an
alternative
delivery
approach
effective
Frontiers in Neural Circuits,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 2, 2021
The
globus
pallidus
externa
(GPe)
functions
as
a
central
hub
in
the
basal
ganglia
for
processing
motor
and
non-motor
information
through
creation
of
complex
connections
with
other
nuclei
brain
regions.
Recently,
adoption
sophisticated
genetic
tools,
substantial
advances
have
been
made
understanding
distinct
molecular,
anatomical,
electrophysiological,
functional
properties
GPe
neurons
non-neuronal
cells.
Impairments
dopamine
transmission
contribute
to
Parkinson's
disease
(PD),
most
common
movement
disorder
that
severely
affects
patients'
life
quality.
Altered
neuron
activity
synaptic
also
found
both
PD
patients
pre-clinical
models.
In
this
review,
we
will
summarize
main
findings
on
composition,
connectivity
functionality
different
cell
populations
potential
GPe-related
mechanisms
symptoms
better
understand
type
circuit-specific
roles
normal
conditions.
