Feature Detection by Retinal Ganglion Cells

Annual Review of Vision Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(1), С. 135 - 169

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2022

Retinal circuits transform the pixel representation of photoreceptors into feature representations ganglion cells, whose axons transmit these to brain. Functional, morphological, and transcriptomic surveys have identified more than 40 retinal cell (RGC) types in mice. RGCs extract features varying complexity; some simply signal local differences brightness (i.e., luminance contrast), whereas others detect specific motion trajectories. To understand retina, we need know how give rise diverse RGC representations. A catalog set, turn, is fundamental understanding visual processing Anterograde tracing indicates that innervate 50 areas mouse Current maps connecting brain are rudimentary, as our signals transformed downstream guide behavior. In this article, I review selectivities RGCs, they arise, utilized downstream. Not only knowledge behavioral purpose critical for contributions vision; it can also us most relevant space.

Язык: Английский

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Atoh7-independent specification of retinal ganglion cell identity

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 7(11)

Опубликована: Март 12, 2021

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) relay visual information from the eye to brain. RGCs are first cell type generated during retinal neurogenesis. Loss of function transcription factor Atoh7, expressed in multipotent early neurogenic progenitors leads a selective and essentially complete loss RGCs. Therefore, Atoh7 is considered essential for conferring competence on generate Despite importance RGC specification, we find that inhibiting apoptosis Atoh7-deficient mice by Bax only modestly reduces numbers. Single-cell RNA sequencing Atoh7;Bax-deficient retinas shows differentiation delayed but gene expression profile precursors grossly normal. eventually mature, fire action potentials, incorporate into circuitry exhibit severe axonal guidance defects. This study reveals an role survival demonstrates Atoh7-dependent Atoh7-independent mechanisms specification.

Язык: Английский

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The role of ipRGCs in ocular growth and myopia development

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(23)

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2022

The increasing global prevalence of myopia calls for elaboration the pathogenesis this disease. Here, we show that selective ablation and activation intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in developing mice induced myopic hyperopic refractive shifts by modulating corneal radius curvature (CRC) axial length (AL) an opposite way. Melanopsin- rod/cone-driven signals ipRGCs were found to influence development affecting AL CRC, respectively. role progression is evidenced attenuated form-deprivation magnitudes ipRGC-ablated melanopsin-deficient animals enhanced melanopsin expression/photoresponses form-deprived eyes. Cell subtype–specific showed M1 subtype cells, probably M2/M3 are involved ocular development. Thus, contribute substantially mouse eye growth development, which may inspire novel strategies intervention.

Язык: Английский

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A visual circuit related to the periaqueductal gray area for the antinociceptive effects of bright light treatment

Neuron, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 110(10), С. 1712 - 1727.e7

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Light as a Modulator of Non-Image-Forming Brain Functions—Positive and Negative Impacts of Increasing Light Availability

Clocks & Sleep, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 5(1), С. 116 - 140

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Light use is rising steeply, mainly because of the advent light-emitting diode (LED) devices. LEDs are frequently blue-enriched light sources and may have different impacts on non-image forming (NIF) system, which maximally sensitive to blue-wavelength light. Most importantly, timing LED device widespread, leading novel exposure patterns NIF system. The goal this narrative review discuss multiple aspects that we think should be accounted for when attempting predict how situation will affect impact brain functions. We first cover both image-forming pathways brain. then detail our current understanding human cognition, sleep, alertness, mood. Finally, questions concerning adoption lighting screens, offer new opportunities improve well-being, but also raise concerns about increasing exposure, detrimental health, particularly in evening.

Язык: Английский

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ENLIGHT: A consensus checklist for reporting laboratory-based studies on the non-visual effects of light in humans

EBioMedicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 98, С. 104889 - 104889

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

BackgroundThere is no consensus on reporting light characteristics in studies investigating non-visual responses to light. This project aimed develop a checklist for laboratory-based investigations the impact of physiology.MethodsA four-step modified Delphi process (three questionnaire-based feedback rounds and one face-to-face group discussion) involving international experts was conducted reach items be included checklist. Following process, resulting tested pilot phase with independent experts.FindingsAn initial list 61 related light-based interventions condensed final containing 25 items, based upon among (final n = 60). Nine were deemed necessary report regardless research question or context. A description each item provided accompanying Explanation Elaboration (E&E) document. The testing led minor textual clarifications E&E document.InterpretationThe ENLIGHT Checklist first consensus-based documenting ocular human studies. implementation will enhance by ensuring comprehensive documentation, enhancing reproducibility, enabling data aggregation across studies.FundingNetwork European Institutes Advanced Study (NETIAS) Constructive Thinking (CAT) programme; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 204686/Z/16/Z); Netherlands Organisation Health Research Development VENI fellowship (2020–09150161910128); U.S. Department Defense Grant (W81XWH-16-1-0223); National University Singapore (NUHSRO/2022/038/Startup/08); Foundation (NRF2022-THE004-0002).

Язык: Английский

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Recommendations for measuring and standardizing light for laboratory mammals to improve welfare and reproducibility in animal research

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(3), С. e3002535 - e3002535

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Light enables vision and exerts widespread effects on physiology behavior, including regulating circadian rhythms, sleep, hormone synthesis, affective state, cognitive processes. Appropriate lighting in animal facilities may support welfare ensure that animals enter experiments an appropriate physiological behavioral state. Furthermore, proper consideration of light during experimentation is important both when it explicitly employed as independent variable a general feature the environment. This Consensus View discusses metrics to use for quantification nonhuman mammals their application improve quality research. It provides methods measuring these metrics, practical guidance implementation husbandry experimentation, quantitative exposure laboratory mammals. The provided has potential data contribute reduction refinement, helping more ethical use.

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of pupil size in natural vision across the human lifespan

Royal Society Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Vision is mediated by light passing through the pupil, which changes in diameter from approximately 2 to 8 mm between bright and dark illumination. With age, mean pupil size declines. In laboratory experiments, factors affecting can be experimentally controlled. How reflects change retinal input visual environment under natural viewing conditions unclear. We address this question a field experiment ( N = 83, 43 female, 18–87 years) using custom-made wearable video-based eye tracker with spectroradiometer measuring near-corneal spectral irradiance. Participants moved indoor outdoor environments varying spectrum engaged range of everyday tasks. Our data confirm that light-adapted determined level, better model fit melanopic over photopic units, it decreased increasing yielding steeper slopes at lower levels. found no indication sex, iris colour or reported caffeine consumption affects size. exploratory results point role photoreceptor integration controlling steady-state The provide evidence for considering age personalized lighting solutions against use illuminance alone assess impact real-world conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular basis underlying the specificity of an antagonist AA92593 for mammalian melanopsins

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 108461 - 108461

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Melanopsin functions in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of mammals to regulate circadian clock and pupil constriction. The opsinamide AA92593 has been reported specifically inhibit mouse human melanopsin as a competitive antagonist against retinal; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its specificity have not resolved. In this study, we attempted identify amino acid residues responsible for susceptibility mammalian melanopsins AA92593. Our cell-based assays confirmed that effectively inhibited light-induced cellular responses melanopsins, but those non-mammalian vertebrate invertebrate melanopsins. These results suggest conserved among are important antagonistic effect AA92593, noticed Phe-942.61, Ser-188ECL2, Ser-2696.52 candidate residues. Substitutions these reduced We conducted docking dynamics simulations based on AlphaFold-predicted structure. indicated located at AA92593-binding site, additionally identified Trp-189ECL2 Leu-2075.42 interacting with antagonist. affected Furthermore, substitutions converted AA92593-insensitive susceptible Based experiments simulations, five residues, positions 942.61, 188ECL2, 189ECL2, 2075.42, 2696.52, were found be specific

Язык: Английский

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Advances toward precision medicine for bipolar disorder: mechanisms & molecules

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(1), С. 168 - 185

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2020

Язык: Английский

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