bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
Ambient
light
exposure
is
linked
to
myopia
development
in
children
and
affects
susceptibility
animal
models.
Currently,
it
unclear
which
signals
mediate
the
effects
of
on
myopia.
All-
trans
retinoic
acid
(atRA)
dopamine
(DA)
oppositely
influence
experimental
may
be
involved
retino-scleral
signaling
cascade
underlying
myopic
eye
growth.
However,
how
ocular
atRA
responds
different
lighting
whether
DA
interact
remains
unknown.
Methods
Dark-adapted
C57BL/6J
mice
(29-31
days
old)
were
exposed
Dim
(1
lux),
Mid
(59
or
Bright
(12,000
lux)
ambient
for
5-60
minutes.
Some
also
systemically
administered
precursor,
LDOPA,
prior
exposure.
After
exposure,
retina
back-of-the-eye
(BOE)
collected
analyzed
levels
atRA,
DA,
metabolite,
DOPAC.
Results
turnover
(DOPAC/DA
ratio)
increased
magnitude
after
only
five
minutes
higher
luminance
but
was
minimal
BOE.
In
contrast,
BOE
significantly
decreased
with
longer
duration
Intriguingly,
LDOPA-treated
had
a
transient
reduction
retinal
compared
saline-treated
mice,
whereas
treatment
no
effect
DA.
Conclusions
Ocular
affected
by
Overall,
these
data
suggest
specific
interactions
between
lighting,
that
could
have
implications
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
66(3), С. 37 - 37
Опубликована: Март 18, 2025
Purpose:
Ambient
light
exposure
is
linked
to
myopia
development
in
children
and
affects
susceptibility
animal
models.
Currently,
it
unclear
which
signals
mediate
the
effects
of
on
myopia.
All-trans
retinoic
acid
(atRA)
dopamine
(DA)
oppositely
influence
experimental
may
be
involved
retinoscleral
signaling
cascade
underlying
myopic
eye
growth.
However,
how
ocular
atRA
responds
different
lighting
whether
DA
interact
remains
unknown.
Methods:
Dark-adapted
C57BL/6J
mice
(29–31
days
old)
were
exposed
dim
(1
lux),
mid
(59
or
bright
(12,000
lux)
ambient
for
5
60
minutes.
Some
also
systemically
administered
precursor,
LDOPA,
before
exposure.
After
exposure,
retina
back
(BOE)
collected
analyzed
levels
atRA,
DA,
metabolite,
DOPAC.
Results:
turnover
(DOPAC/DA
ratio)
increased
magnitude
after
only
minutes
higher
luminance,
but
was
minimal
BOE.
In
contrast,
BOE
significantly
decreased
with
luminance
longer
duration
Intriguingly,
LDOPA-treated
had
a
transient
reduction
retinal
compared
saline-treated
mice,
whereas
treatment
no
effect
DA.
Conclusions:
Ocular
affected
by
lighting,
Overall,
these
data
suggest
specific
interactions
between
that
could
have
implications
Abstract
Background
The
natural
light
environment
is
far
more
complex
than
that
experienced
by
animals
under
laboratory
conditions.
As
a
burrowing
species,
wild
mice
are
able
to
self-modulate
their
exposure,
concept
known
as
sampling
behaviour.
By
contrast,
conditions
have
little
opportunity
exhibit
this
To
address
issue,
here
we
introduce
simple
nestbox
paradigm
allow
environment.
Dark
nestboxes
fitted
with
passive
infrared
sensors
were
used
monitor
locomotor
activity,
circadian
entrainment,
decision
making
and
Results
Under
these
conditions,
significantly
reduce
exposure
an
average
of
just
0.8
h
across
24
period.
In
addition,
show
distinct
pattern
behaviour,
peaks
at
dawn
dusk
ramped
dark
cycle.
Furthermore,
the
timing
behaviour
depends
upon
endogenous
rhythms
abolished
in
lacking
clock,
indicating
feedback
loop
between
light,
clock
Conclusions
Our
results
highlight
important
role
modifying
signals
available
for
entrainment
Laboratory Animals,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(5), С. 419 - 426
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Blinding
and
randomisation
are
important
methods
for
increasing
the
robustness
of
pre-clinical
studies,
as
incomplete
or
improper
implementation
thereof
is
recognised
a
source
bias.
Randomisation
ensures
that
any
known
unknown
covariates
introducing
bias
randomly
distributed
over
experimental
groups.
Thereby,
differences
between
groups
might
otherwise
have
contributed
to
false
positive
-negative
results
diminished.
Methods
range
from
simple
(e.g.
rolling
dice)
advanced
strategies
involving
use
specialised
software.
on
other
hand
researchers
unaware
group
allocation
during
preparation,
execution
acquisition
and/or
analysis
data.
This
minimises
risk
unintentional
influences
resulting
in
blinding
require
strong
protocols
team
approach.
In
this
review,
we
outline
give
practical
tips
how
implement
them,
with
focus
animal
studies.
Abstract
Background
Light
is
a
key
environmental
regulator
of
physiology
and
behaviour.
Mistimed
or
insufficient
light
disrupts
circadian
rhythms
associated
with
impaired
health
well-being
across
mammals.
Appropriate
lighting
therefore
crucial
for
indoor
housed
commonly
measured
in
lux.
However,
this
employs
spectral
weighting
function
human
luminance
not
suitable
‘non-visual’
effects
use
species.
In
humans,
photoreceptor-specific
(α-opic)
metrology
system
has
been
proposed
as
more
appropriate
way
measuring
light.
Results
Here
we
establish
technology
to
allow
α-opic
measurement
approach
be
readily
extended
mammalian
species,
accounting
differences
photoreceptor
types,
photopigment
sensitivities,
eye
anatomy.
We
develop
high-throughput
method
derive
sensitivities
recombinantly
expressed
opsins
it
the
sensitivity
melanopsin
from
13
non-human
further
address
need
simple
strategies
species-specific
measures
by
developing
an
accessible
online
toolbox
calculating
these
units
validating
open
hardware
multichannel
sensor
‘point
click’
measurement.
finally
demonstrate
that
measurements
are
superior
photopic
lux
predictors
physiological
responses
mice
ecologically
relevant
comparisons
photosensitivity
between
Conclusions
Our
study
presents
methods
existing
unit
holds
promise
improvements
welfare
animals,
scientific
research
reproducibility,
agricultural
productivity,
energy
usage.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
65(14), С. 22 - 22
Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024
Purpose:
To
evaluate
the
impact
of
optical
vs.
illuminance
factors
and
their
duration-dependency
on
lens-induced
hyperopia
(LIH)
in
chick
eyes.
Methods:
Hyperopia
was
induced
one
eye
chicks
(10
groups;
n
=
126)
from
day
1
after
hatching
until
8
using
+10-diopter
lenses
with
fellow
eyes
as
controls.
One
group
served
control
without
any
interventions.
The
remaining
groups
were
exposed
to
2,
4,
or
6
hours
unrestricted
vision
(UnV),
high-intensity
light
(HL;
15,000
lux),
both
(HL
+
UnV).
Ocular
axial
length
(AL),
refractive
error,
choroidal
thickness
measured
days
1,
8.
Inter-ocular
difference
(IOD
experimental
−
contralateral
eye)
±
SEM
used
express
outcome
measures.
Results:
By
8,
LIH
decreased
AL
(−0.42
0.03
mm)
produced
hyperopic
refraction
(+3.48
0.32
diopters)
thickening
(+85.81
35.23
µm)
(all
P
<
0.001).
Exposure
UnV
reduced
(i.e.,
refraction,
shortening,
thickening)
a
duration-dependent
manner,
whereas
HL
potentiated
development
manner.
When
combined,
overpowered
HL,
resultant
being
close
alone,
except
at
hours,
when
shorter
compared
alone
(P
0.03).
Conclusions:
Daily
exposure
UnV,
altered
manner
producing
competing
signals.
signal
generated
by
generally
stronger
than
combined
exposure,
yet
longer
durations
affected
drive
for
emmetropization
UnV.
Journal of Biological Rhythms,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
39(4), С. 323 - 330
Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024
Light
is
recognized
as
an
important
component
of
the
environment
for
laboratory
animals.
It
supports
vision,
sets
phase
circadian
clocks,
and
drives
wide-ranging
adjustments
in
physiological
behavioral
state.
Manipulating
light
meanwhile
a
key
experimental
approach
fields
vision
science
chronobiology.
Nevertheless,
until
recently,
there
has
been
no
consensus
on
methods
quantifying
experienced
by
Widely
adopted
practices
employ
metrics
such
illuminance
(units
=
lux)
that
are
designed
to
quantify
human
observers.
These
weight
energy
across
spectrum
according
spectral
sensitivity
profile
not
widely
replicated
non-human
species.
Recently,
Consensus
View
was
published
proposes
measurement
standardization
take
account
these
species-specific
differences
wavelength
sensitivity.
Here,
we
draw
upon
contents
provide
simplified
advice
mammal
experimentation
husbandry
quantitative
guidance
what
constitutes
appropriate
lighting
both
visual
function.
