Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
19
Опубликована: Март 14, 2025
Neuronal
excitation-inhibition
(E/I)
balance
is
essential
for
maintaining
neuronal
stability
and
proper
brain
functioning.
Disruptions
in
this
are
implicated
various
neurological
disorders,
including
autism
spectrum
disorder,
schizophrenia
epilepsy.
The
E/I
thought
to
be
primarily
mediated
by
intrinsic
excitability,
governed
an
array
of
voltage-gated
ion
channels,
extrinsic
maintained
through
a
counterbalance
between
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
transmitter
glutamate
acting
on
ion-tropic
receptors
inhibitory
transmissions
chiefly
GABA
or
glycine
their
respective
receptors.
However,
recent
studies
reveal
that
neurotransmitters
can
exhibit
interactions
extend
beyond
traditional
targets,
leading
phenomenon
called
neurotransmitter-receptor
crosstalk.
Examples
such
crosstalks
include
earlier
discovery
functioning
as
co-transmitter
gating
the
NMDA
subtype
receptor,
most
demonstration
shows
binds
GABAA
thereby
allosterically
potentiating
its
function.
These
demonstrate
structurally
physiologically
important
crosstalk
transmission,
blurring
distinction
concepts
classic
transmission.
In
article,
evidence
supporting
forms
will
briefly
summarized
underlying
mechanisms
discussed.
Furthermore,
review
discuss
implications
these
balance,
well
potential
involvement
plasticity
cognition
context
social
conditions.
Annual Review of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
44(1), С. 359 - 381
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2021
Oxytocin
regulates
parturition,
lactation,
parental
nurturing,
and
many
other
social
behaviors
in
both
sexes.
The
circuit
mechanisms
by
which
oxytocin
modulates
behavior
are
receiving
increasing
attention.
Here,
we
review
recent
studies
on
modulation
of
neural
function
behavior,
largely
enabled
new
methods
monitoring
manipulating
or
receptor
neurons
vivo.
These
indicate
that
can
enhance
the
salience
stimuli
increase
signal-to-noise
ratios
modulating
spiking
synaptic
plasticity
context
circuits
networks.
We
highlight
effects
nontraditional
organisms
such
as
prairie
voles
discuss
opportunities
to
utility
these
for
studying
circuit-level
behaviors.
then
insights
into
neuron
activity
during
interactions.
conclude
discussing
some
major
questions
field
ahead.
Trends in Neurosciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
46(1), С. 45 - 59
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2022
Top-down
feedback
in
cortex
is
critical
for
guiding
sensory
processing,
which
has
prominently
been
formalized
the
theory
of
hierarchical
predictive
coding
(hPC).
However,
experimental
evidence
error
units,
are
central
to
theory,
inconclusive
and
it
remains
unclear
how
hPC
can
be
implemented
with
spiking
neurons.
To
address
this,
we
connect
existing
work
on
efficient
balanced
networks
lateral
inhibition
computation
at
apical
dendrites.
Together,
this
points
an
implementation
neurons,
where
prediction
errors
computed
not
separate
but
locally
dendritic
compartments.
We
then
discuss
correspondence
model
experimentally
observed
connectivity
patterns,
plasticity,
dynamics
cortex.
Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Май 19, 2022
Synaptic
plasticity
is
a
critical
process
that
regulates
neuronal
activity
by
allowing
neurons
to
adjust
their
synaptic
strength
in
response
changes
activity.
Despite
the
high
proximity
of
excitatory
glutamatergic
and
inhibitory
GABAergic
postsynaptic
zones
functional
integration
within
dendritic
regions,
concurrent
has
historically
been
underassessed.
Growing
evidence
for
pathological
disruptions
excitation
inhibition
(E/I)
balance
neurological
neurodevelopmental
disorders
indicates
need
an
improved,
more
"holistic"
understanding
interplay.
There
continues
be
long-standing
focus
on
persistent
strengthening
(excitatory
long-term
potentiation;
eLTP)
its
role
learning
memory,
although
importance
potentiation
(iLTP)
depression
(iLTD)
become
increasingly
apparent.
Emerging
further
points
dynamic
dialogue
between
synapses,
but
much
remains
understood
regarding
mechanisms
extent
this
exchange.
In
mini-review,
we
explore
calcium
signaling
crosstalk
play
regulating
excitability.
We
examine
current
knowledge
synapse
responses
perturbances
activity,
with
induced
short-term
pharmacological
treatments
which
act
either
enhance
or
reduce
excitability
via
ionotropic
receptor
regulation
culture.
To
delve
deeper
into
potential
crosstalk,
discuss
influence
key
regulatory
proteins,
including
kinases,
phosphatases,
structural/scaffolding
proteins.
Finally,
briefly
suggest
avenues
future
research
better
understand
synapses.
Animals
depend
on
fast
and
reliable
detection
of
novel
stimuli
in
their
environment.
Neurons
multiple
sensory
areas
respond
more
strongly
to
comparison
familiar
stimuli.
Yet,
it
remains
unclear
which
circuit,
cellular,
synaptic
mechanisms
underlie
those
responses.
Here,
we
show
that
spike-timing-dependent
plasticity
inhibitory-to-excitatory
synapses
generates
novelty
responses
a
recurrent
spiking
network
model.
Inhibitory
increases
the
inhibition
onto
excitatory
neurons
tuned
stimuli,
while
for
low,
leading
response.
The
generation
does
not
periodicity
but
rather
distribution
presented
By
including
tuning
inhibitory
neurons,
further
captures
stimulus-specific
adaptation.
Finally,
suggest
disinhibition
can
control
amplification
Therefore,
provides
flexible,
biologically
plausible
mechanism
detect
bottom-up
enabling
us
make
experimentally
testable
predictions.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022
Throughout
early
phases
of
brain
development,
the
two
main
neural
signaling
mechanisms-excitation
and
inhibition-are
dynamically
sculpted
in
neocortex
to
establish
primary
functions.
Despite
its
relatively
late
formation
persistent
developmental
changes,
GABAergic
system
promotes
ordered
shaping
neuronal
circuits
at
structural
functional
levels.
Within
this
frame,
interneurons
participate
first
spontaneous
later
sensory-evoked
activity
patterns
that
precede
cortical
functions
mature
brain.
Upon
their
subcortical
generation,
embryonic
must
orderly
migrate
settle
respective
target
layers
before
they
can
actively
engage
network
activity.
During
process,
changes
molecular
synaptic
level
allow
not
only
coordinated
but
also
pruning
connections
as
well
excitatory
inhibitory
synapses.
At
postsynaptic
site,
shift
from
an
towards
response
is
required
enable
synchronization
within
networks.
Concomitantly,
progressive
specification
different
interneuron
subtypes
endows
with
distinct
local
region-specific
modulation
firing.
Finally,
apoptotic
process
further
refines
populations
by
constantly
maintaining
a
controlled
ratio
neurons.
Interestingly,
many
these
fundamental
complex
processes
are
influenced-if
directly
controlled-by
electrical
Interneurons
on
subcellular,
cellular,
affected
high
frequency
patterns,
such
spindle
burst
gamma
oscillations
rodents
delta
brushes
humans.
Conversely,
maturation
structure
function
each
scales
feeds
back
contributes
generation
essential
for
proper
peri-
postnatal
development.
Overall,
more
precise
description
conducting
role
terms
how
contribute
specific
patterns-as
impinge
orchestra
members-will
lead
better
understanding
physiological
pathophysiological
development
nervous
system.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
38(6), С. 110347 - 110347
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
The
induction
of
synaptic
plasticity
at
an
individual
dendritic
glutamatergic
spine
can
affect
neighboring
spines.
This
local
modulation
generates
microdomains
believed
to
expand
the
neuronal
computational
capacity.
Here,
we
investigate
whether
also
occur
between
synapses
and
adjacent
GABAergic
synapses.
We
find
that
long-term
potentiation
causes
depression
nearby
inhibitory
(within
3
μm),
whereas
more
distant
ones
are
potentiated.
Notably,
L-type
calcium
channels
calpain
required
for
this
spreading.
Overall,
our
data
support
a
model
whereby
input-specific
postsynaptic
induces
spatially
regulated
rearrangement
strength
in
surrounding
area
through
short-range
heterosynaptic
interactions.
Such
coordination
excitatory
is
expected
influence
information
processing
integration.
