Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
13(1), С. 39 - 54
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Post-traumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
occurs
as
a
result
of
exposure
to
life-threatening
traumatic
event
or
situation
involving
violence.
The
main
manifestations
PTSD
are
obsessive
re-experiencing
the
event,
increased
nervous
arousal,
avoidance
stimuli
related
emotional
and
cognitive
disorders
that
persist
for
long
time.
This
mental
is
exhausting
causes
changes
make
it
difficult
sometimes
impossible
patients
with
function
professionally
socially.
results
in
significant
clinical
burden
high
socioeconomic
costs.
Materials
methods.
authors
have
reviewed
more
than
100
scientific
papers
from
world
literature
on
problems
diagnosis,
symptoms,
pathophysiological
neurobiological
mechanisms
play
an
important
role
development
can
be
used
key
elements
choice
treatment
measures.
Results.
multifactorial
disease,
therefore,
numerous
factors
involved
its
occurrence
progression.
immediate
response
activation
neuroendocrine
autonomic
systems
release
adrenaline
norepinephrine.
involvement
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
system
subsequent
secretion
cortisol
may
trigger
development.
A
link
has
been
found
between
activity
noradrenergic
system,
glucocorticoid
exposure,
impaired
interaction
neurons
amygdala
prefrontal
cortex.
In
addition,
glucocorticoids
associated
immune
neuroinflammation.
Inflammatory
cytokines
regulate
modify
functioning
neurotransmitters
such
serotonin
dopamine,
which
contributes
onset
progression
symptoms.
Conclusions.
data
large
number
studies
allow
us
confirm
following
pathogenesis
PTSD.
These
include
vegetative
regulation,
dysfunction
immunological
regulatory
inflammatory
mechanisms,
dysregulation
monoaminergic
transmission
system.
Further
study
pathogenetic
pathways
will
better
implementation
strategy
medical
care
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 7, 2024
Abstract
The
Neuropsychology
of
Anxiety
first
appeared
in
1982
as
the
volume
Oxford
Psychology
Series,
and
it
quickly
established
itself
classic
work
on
subject.
It
second
edition
(appearing
2000)
have
been
cited
at
a
steadily
increasing
rate
passing
500/year
2017.
field
has
continued
to
expand
last
quarter
century
necessitating
this
third
edition.
This
completely
updated
revised
(with
many
figures
converted
colour)
retains
original
core
concepts
while
expanding
often
simplifying
details.
includes
new
chapter
prefrontal
cortex,
which
integrates
frontal
hippocampal
views
anxiety
an
extensively
modified
personality
providing
basis
for
further
developments
Reinforcement
Sensitivity
Theory.
book
is
essential
postgraduate
students
researchers
experimental
psychology
neuroscience,
well
all
clinical
psychologists
psychiatrists.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022
Abstract
An
organism’s
ability
to
perceive
and
respond
changes
in
its
environment
is
crucial
for
health
survival.
Here
we
reveal
how
the
most
well-studied
longevity
intervention,
dietary
restriction,
acts
in-part
through
a
cell
non-autonomous
signaling
pathway
that
inhibited
by
presence
of
attractive
smells.
Using
an
intestinal
reporter
key
gene
induced
restriction
but
suppressed
smells,
identify
three
compounds
block
food
odor
effects
C.
elegans
,
thereby
increasing
as
mimetics.
These
clearly
implicate
serotonin
dopamine
limiting
lifespan
response
odor.
We
further
chemosensory
neuron
likely
perceives
odor,
enteric
signals
receptor
5-HT1A/SER-4,
dopaminergic
DRD2/DOP-3.
Aspects
this
are
conserved
D.
melanogaster
.
Thus,
blocking
antagonism
or
receptors
plausible
approach
mimic
benefits
restriction.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
44(1), С. 115162 - 115162
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
Words
represent
a
uniquely
human
information
channel-humans
use
words
to
express
thoughts
and
feelings
assign
emotional
valence
experience.
Work
from
model
organisms
suggests
that
assignments
are
carried
out
in
part
by
the
neuromodulators
dopamine,
serotonin,
norepinephrine.
Here,
we
ask
whether
signaling
these
extends
word
semantics
humans
measuring
sub-second
neuromodulator
dynamics
thalamus
(N
=
13)
anterior
cingulate
cortex
6)
of
individuals
evaluating
positive,
negative,
neutrally
valenced
words.
Our
combined
results
suggest
modulate
release
both
cortex,
but
with
region-
valence-specific
response
patterns,
as
well
hemispheric
dependence
for
dopamine
cingulate.
Overall,
experiments
provide
evidence
neuromodulator-dependent
humans,
not
simple
one-valence-per-transmitter
fashion.
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
14(9), С. 889 - 889
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021
Depression
is
one
of
the
most
common
mental
diseases,
with
increasing
numbers
patients
globally
each
year.
In
addition,
approximately
30%
depression
are
resistant
to
any
treatment
and
do
not
show
an
expected
response
first-line
antidepressant
drugs.
Therefore,
novel
agents
strategies
required.
Although
triggered
by
post-birth
stress,
while
some
individuals
pathology
depression,
others
remain
resilient.
The
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
stress
sensitivity
unknown.
Brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)
has
both
pro-
anti-depressant
effects,
dependent
on
brain
region.
Considering
strong
region-specific
contribution
BDNF
pathogenesis,
regulation
in
whole
a
beneficial
strategy
for
depression.
We
reviewed
finding
function
dorsal
striatum,
which
induces
vulnerability
social
addition
recent
research
progress
regarding
regional
functions
BDNF,
including
prefrontal
cortex,
hippocampus,
nucleus
accumbens.
Striatal
regulated
Shati/Nat8l,
N-acetyltransferase
through
epigenetic
regulation.
Targeting
Shati/Nat8l
would
allow
be
striatum-specifically
regulated,
striatal
Shati/Nat8l-BDNF
pathway
could
promising
therapeutic
agent
modulating
stress.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2022
Abstract
The
auditory
striatum,
the
tail
portion
of
dorsal
striatum
in
basal
ganglia,
is
implicated
perceptual
decision-making,
transforming
stimuli
to
action
outcomes.
Despite
its
known
connections
diverse
neurological
conditions,
dopaminergic
modulation
sensory
striatal
neuronal
activity
and
behavioral
influences
remain
unknown.
We
demonstrated
that
optogenetic
inhibition
projections
from
substantia
nigra
pars
compacta
specifically
impairs
mouse
choice
performance
but
not
movement
an
frequency
discrimination
task.
In
vivo
dopamine
calcium
imaging
freely
behaving
mice
revealed
this
projection
modulates
tone
representations,
tone-evoked
release
inversely
correlated
with
evidence
strength
tones.
Optogenetic
D1-receptor
expressing
neurons
pharmacological
D1
receptors
dampened
accuracy.
Our
study
uncovers
a
phasic
mechanism
within
nigrostriatal
system
regulates
decisions
by
modulating
ongoing
perception.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
148, С. 105123 - 105123
Опубликована: Март 11, 2023
People
radically
differ
in
how
they
cope
with
uncertainty.
Clinical
researchers
describe
a
dispositional
characteristic
known
as
"intolerance
of
uncertainty",
tendency
to
find
uncertainty
aversive,
reported
be
elevated
across
psychiatric
and
neurodevelopmental
conditions.
Concurrently,
recent
research
computational
psychiatry
has
leveraged
theoretical
work
characterise
individual
differences
processing.
Under
this
framework,
people
estimate
different
forms
can
contribute
mental
health
difficulties.
In
review,
we
briefly
outline
the
concept
intolerance
within
its
clinical
context,
argue
that
mechanisms
underlying
construct
may
further
elucidated
through
modelling
individuals
make
inferences
about
We
will
review
evidence
linking
psychopathology
computationally
specified
consider
these
findings
might
suggest
distinct
mechanistic
routes
towards
also
discuss
implications
approach
for
behavioural
pharmacological
interventions,
well
importance
cognitive
domains
subjective
experiences
studying
Nature Human Behaviour,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
8(4), С. 718 - 728
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024
Dopamine
and
serotonin
are
hypothesized
to
guide
social
behaviours.
In
humans,
however,
we
have
not
yet
been
able
study
neuromodulator
dynamics
as
interaction
unfolds.
Here,
obtained
subsecond
estimates
of
dopamine
from
human
substantia
nigra
pars
reticulata
during
the
ultimatum
game.
Participants,
who
were
patients
with
Parkinson's
disease
undergoing
awake
brain
surgery,
had
accept
or
reject
monetary
offers
varying
fairness
computer
players.
They
rejected
more
in
than
condition,
an
effect
context
associated
higher
overall
levels
but
serotonin.
Regardless
context,
relative
changes
tracked
trial-by-trial
offer
value-akin
reward
prediction
errors-whereas
current
value.
These
results
show
that
fluctuations
one
basal
ganglia's
main
output
structures
reflect
distinct
value
signals.