Origins of direction selectivity in the primate retina

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Май 23, 2022

From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types and circuits are signature feature retina, situated at earliest stage visual process. primates, by contrast, direction selectivity hallmark processing areas cortex, but has not been found despite significant effort. Here we combined functional recordings light-evoked responses connectomic reconstruction identify diverse direction-selective macaque monkey retina with distinctive physiological properties synaptic motifs. This circuitry includes an ON-OFF ganglion type, spiking, polyaxonal amacrine starburst cell, all which show selectivity. Moreover, discovered that cells possess strong, non-GABAergic, antagonistic surround mediated input from excitatory bipolar critical for generation radial sensitivity these cells. Our findings open door investigation precortical computes primate system.

Язык: Английский

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Functionally distinct GABAergic amacrine cell types regulate spatiotemporal encoding in the mouse retina

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian central nervous system. GABAergic neuronal types play important roles neural processing and etiology of neurological disorders; however, there no comprehensive understanding their functional diversity. Here we perform two-photon imaging release inner plexiform layer male female mice retinae (8-16 weeks old) using sensor iGABASnFR2. By applying varied light stimuli to isolated retinae, reveal over 40 different GABA-releasing neuron types. Individual show layer-specific visual encoding within sublayers. Synaptic input output sites are aligned along specific retinal orientations. The combination cell type-specific spatial structure unique kinetics enables neurons sculpt excitatory signals response a wide range behaviorally relevant motion structures. Our findings emphasize importance diversity intricate specialization

Язык: Английский

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Center-surround interactions underlie bipolar cell motion sensitivity in the mouse retina

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

Motion sensing is a critical aspect of vision. We studied the representation motion in mouse retinal bipolar cells and found that some are radially direction selective, preferring origin small object trajectories. Using glutamate sensor, we directly observed synaptic output there radial selective non-selective cell types, majority being selectivity relies on properties center-surround receptive field. used these fields along with connectomics to design biophysical models downstream cells. The additional experiments demonstrated pass excitation starburst amacrine cells, which contributes their directional tuning. As provide most ganglion may contribute processing throughout visual system.

Язык: Английский

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Hierarchical retinal computations rely on hybrid chemical-electrical signaling

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(2), С. 112030 - 112030

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2023

Bipolar cells (BCs) are integral to the retinal circuits that extract diverse features from visual environment. They bridge photoreceptors ganglion cells, source of output. Understanding how such encode requires an accounting mechanisms control glutamate release bipolar cell axons. Here, we demonstrate orientation selectivity in a specific genetically identifiable type mouse cell-type 5A (BC5A). Their synaptic terminals respond best when stimulated with vertical bars far larger than their dendritic fields. We provide evidence this involves enhanced excitation for stimuli gap junctional coupling through connexin36. also show is detectable postsynaptically direction-selective which were not previously thought be selective orientation. Together, these results multiple extracted by single hierarchical network, engaging distinct electrical and chemical pathways.

Язык: Английский

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A presynaptic source drives differing levels of surround suppression in two mouse retinal ganglion cell types

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Abstract In early sensory systems, cell-type diversity generally increases from the periphery into brain, resulting in a greater heterogeneity of responses to same stimuli. Surround suppression is canonical visual computation that begins within retina and found at varying levels across retinal ganglion cell types. Our results show level surround occurs subcellularly bipolar synapses. Using single-cell electrophysiology serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we two types exhibit very different even though they receive input This divergence signal through synapse-specific regulation by amacrine cells scale tens microns. These findings indicate each synapse single can carry unique signal, expanding number possible functional channels earliest stages processing.

Язык: Английский

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Classical center-surround receptive fields facilitate novel object detection in retinal bipolar cells

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

Antagonistic interactions between center and surround receptive field (RF) components lie at the heart of computations performed in visual system. Circularly symmetric center-surround RFs are thought to enhance responses spatial contrasts (i.e., edges), but how edges affect motion processing is unclear. Here, we addressed this question retinal bipolar cells, first neuron with classic interactions. We found that glutamate release emphasizes objects emerge RF; their continuous smaller, slower, cannot be predicted by signals elicited stationary stimuli. In our hands, alteration signal dynamics induced novel was more pronounced than edge enhancement could explained priming RF during motion. These findings echo salience human perception demonstrate an unappreciated capacity architecture facilitate object detection dynamic representation.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal properties of glutamate input support direction selectivity in the dendrites of retinal starburst amacrine cells

eLife, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2022

The asymmetric summation of kinetically distinct glutamate inputs across the dendrites retinal ‘starburst’ amacrine cells is one several mechanisms that have been proposed to underlie their direction-selective properties, but experimentally verifying input kinetics has a challenge. Here, we used two-photon sensor (iGluSnFR) imaging directly measure individual starburst dendrites. We found signals measured from proximal were relatively sustained compared those distal These differences observed range stimulus sizes and appeared be shaped mainly by excitatory rather than inhibitory network interactions. Temporal deconvolution analysis suggests steady-state vesicle release rate was ~3 times larger at sites sites. Using connectomics-inspired computational model, demonstrate play an important role in shaping direction selectivity low velocities. Taken together, these results provide direct support for ‘space-time wiring’ model selectivity.

Язык: Английский

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Distributed feature representations of natural stimuli across parallel retinal pathways

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Abstract How sensory systems extract salient features from natural environments and organize them across neural pathways is unclear. Combining single-cell population two-photon calcium imaging in mice, we discover that retinal ON bipolar cells (second-order neurons of the visual system) are divided into two blocks four types. The distribute temporal spatial information encoding, respectively. cell axons co-stratify within each block, but separate laminarly between (upper block: diverse temporal, uniform tuning; lower spatial, tuning). similarly artificial naturalistic stimuli. In addition, they differ sensitivity to coherent motion movies. Motion distributed upper blocks, multiplexed with contrast, independent scenes. Comparing responses different boutons same arbor, find all types function as computational units. Thus, our results provide insights feature extraction stimuli reveal how structural functional organization cooperate generate parallel for mammalian retina.

Язык: Английский

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On analogies in vertebrate and insect visual systems

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Asymmetric retinal direction tuning predicts optokinetic eye movements across stimulus conditions

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 17, 2023

Across species, the optokinetic reflex (OKR) stabilizes vision during self-motion. OKR occurs when ON direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (oDSGCs) detect slow, global image motion on retina. How oDSGC activity is integrated centrally to generate behavior remains unknown. Here, we discover mechanisms that contribute encoding in vertically tuned oDSGCs and leverage these findings empirically define signal transformation between output vertical behavior. We demonstrate contrast-sensitive asymmetric for types prefer opposite directions. These phenomena arise from interplay spike threshold nonlinearities differences synaptic input weights, including shifts balance of excitation inhibition. In behaving mice, neurophysiological observations, along with a central subtraction outputs, accurately predict trajectories across stimulus conditions. Thus, tuning competing sensory channels can critically shape

Язык: Английский

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