Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 617(7962), С. 777 - 784

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

Associating multiple sensory cues with objects and experience is a fundamental brain process that improves object recognition memory performance. However, neural mechanisms bind features during learning augment expression are unknown. Here we demonstrate multisensory appetitive aversive in Drosophila. Combining colours odours improved performance, even when each modality was tested alone. Temporal control of neuronal function revealed visually selective mushroom body Kenyon cells (KCs) to be required for enhancement both visual olfactory after training. Voltage imaging head-fixed flies showed binds activity between streams modality-specific KCs so unimodal input generates multimodal response. Binding occurs regions the KC axons, which receive valence-relevant dopaminergic reinforcement, propagated downstream. Dopamine locally releases GABAergic inhibition permit specific microcircuits within KC-spanning serotonergic neurons as an excitatory bridge previously 'modality-selective' streams. Cross-modal binding thereby expands representing engram into those other. This broadening performance permits single feature retrieve experience.

Язык: Английский

---

Common principles for odour coding across vertebrates and invertebrates

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(7), С. 453 - 472

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster: a focus on advances made in the fifth decade of research

Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 224(4)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Abstract In the last decade, researchers using Drosophila melanogaster have made extraordinary progress in uncovering mysteries underlying learning and memory. This has been propelled by amazing toolkit available that affords combined behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological, systems neuroscience approaches. The arduous reconstruction of electron microscopic images resulted a first-generation connectome adult larval brain, revealing complex structural interconnections between memory-related neurons. serves as substrate for future investigations on these connections building complete circuits from sensory cue detection to changes motor behavior. Mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) were discovered, which individually forward information discrete non-overlapping compartments axons mushroom (MBn). These mirror previously discovered tiling inputs dopamine led model ascribes valence event, either appetitive or aversive, activity different populations balance MBOn promoting avoidance approach Studies calyx, houses MBn dendrites, revealed beautiful microglomeruluar organization synapses occur with long-term memory (LTM) formation. Larval advanced, positioning it possibly lead producing new conceptual insights due its markedly simpler structure over brain. Advances how cAMP response element-binding protein interacts kinases other transcription factors promote formation LTM. New Orb2, prion-like forms oligomers enhance synaptic synthesis required LTM Finally, research pioneered our understanding mechanisms mediate permanent transient active forgetting, an important function brain along acquisition, consolidation, retrieval. was catalyzed partly identification suppressor genes—genes whose normal is limit

Язык: Английский

---

Cyclic nucleotide‐induced bidirectional long‐term synaptic plasticity in Drosophila mushroom body

The Journal of Physiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 602(9), С. 2019 - 2045

Опубликована: Март 15, 2024

Abstract Activation of the cAMP pathway is one common mechanisms underlying long‐term potentiation (LTP). In Drosophila mushroom body, simultaneous activation odour‐coding Kenyon cells (KCs) and reinforcement‐coding dopaminergic neurons activates adenylyl cyclase in KC presynaptic terminals, which believed to trigger synaptic plasticity olfactory associative learning. However, learning induces depression (LTD) at these synapses, contradicting universal role as a facilitator transmission. Here, we developed system electrophysiologically monitor both short‐term output synapses demonstrated that they are indeed an exception cAMP–protein kinase A LTD. Contrary prevailing model, our imaging found no evidence for synergistic action dopamine activity on synthesis. Furthermore, forskolin‐induced increase alone was insufficient induction; it additionally required replicate LTD induced by pairing with dopamine. On other hand, cGMP paired slowly developing LTP, proving antagonistic actions two second‐messenger pathways predicted behavioural study. Finally, subtype‐specific interrogation revealed different subtypes exhibit distinct duration even among same postsynaptic neuron. Thus, work not only revises uncovering unexpected convergence point neuronal activity, but also establishes methods address physiological this important model. image Key points Although generally facilitates , depends signalling genes, body synapses. By combining electrophysiology, pharmacology optogenetics, directly demonstrate where leads Dopamine‐ or sufficient has been synthesis synergy input, downstream cAMP. contrast cAMP, potentiation, explains behaviourally observed opposing transmitters co‐released neurons. Our plasticity, provides essential model system.

Язык: Английский

---

A high-performance GRAB sensor reveals differences in the dynamics and molecular regulation between neuropeptide and neurotransmitter release

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

The co-existence and co-transmission of neuropeptides small molecule neurotransmitters within individual neuron represent a fundamental characteristic observed across various species. However, the differences regarding their in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics underlying molecular regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we develop GPCR-activation-based (GRAB) sensor for detecting short neuropeptide F (sNPF) with high sensitivity resolution. Furthermore, investigate between sNPF acetylcholine (ACh) from same neurons. Interestingly, our findings reveal distinct release ACh. Notably, results indicate that synaptotagmins (Syt) are involved these two processes, as Syt7 Sytα release, while Syt1 ACh release. Thus, this high-performance GRAB provides robust tool studying shedding insights into unique distinguish neurotransmitters.

Язык: Английский

---

A new understanding of the cognitive reappraisal technique: an extension based on the schema theory

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2023

Cognitive reappraisal is a widely utilized emotion regulation strategy that involves altering the personal meaning of an emotional event to enhance attention responses. Despite its common use, individual differences in cognitive techniques and spontaneous recovery, renewal, reinstatement negative responses across varying contexts may limit effectiveness. Furthermore, detached could cause distress for clients. According Gross's theory, effortless process can occur spontaneously. When guided language triggers as laboratory or counseling settings, clients experience improved states, but this induced not necessarily guide them regulating emotions similar future situations. Therefore, effectively applying clinical practice help alleviate daily life remains significant concern. Exploring mechanism reveals reconstructing stimulus akin extinction learning, which entails fostering contingency original provoking will no longer result outcomes current context. However, learning new rather than elimination process. The activation relies on presentation critical cues, with contextual cues often playing vital role, such safe consulting room environment. We propose understanding based schema theory dual-system emphasizing significance environmental interaction feedback constructing experiences updating schemata. This approach ultimately enriches during training integrates into long-term memory. Bottom-up behavioral enrichment provide foundation top-down function. method assist activating more suitable schemata probabilistically when encountering stimuli real life, forming stable emotions, achieving transfer application diverse contexts.

Язык: Английский

---

A cognitive account of trace conditioning in insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 57, С. 101034 - 101034

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2023

Trace conditioning is a form of Pavlovian learning in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned (US) are separated by temporal gap. Insects learn trace associations variable nature (appetitive, aversive) involving CSs different sensory modalities (olfactory, visual). The accessibility insect neural system behaving animals allowed identifying processes driving conditioning: existence prolonged responses to CS after offset anticipation US during free-stimulus Specific brain structures, such as mushroom bodies seem be allocated this form. Here, we posit that further component facilitating insects relates neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying enhanced attention. We thus propose model based on types mushroom-body neurons, provides cognitive account insects.

Язык: Английский

---

Genetically Encoded Sensors for the In Vivo Detection of Neurochemical Dynamics

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(1), С. 367 - 392

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

The ability to measure dynamic changes in neurochemicals with high spatiotemporal resolution is essential for understanding the diverse range of functions mediated by brain. We review recent advances genetically encoded sensors detecting and discuss their vivo applications. For example, notable progress has been made respect second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, enabling real-time monitoring these at single-cell even subcellular resolution. Moreover, emergence highly sensitive neurotransmitters neuromodulators greatly accelerated study signaling molecules a wide variety behavioral models using an array powerful imaging techniques. Finally, we future direction neurochemical sensors, including concentrations potential multiplex imaging.

Язык: Английский

---

Constitutive and conditional epitope-tagging of endogenous G protein coupled receptors inDrosophila

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(33), С. e2377232024 - e2377232024

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein–coupled receptors in Drosophila , we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags ionotropic at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation identify sites more likely permit insertion tag, generated constitutive conditional tagged alleles for 5-HT1A 5-HT2A 5-HT2B Oct β 1R 2R two isoforms OAMB mGluR . The allow restricted expression receptor specific cell types, an option not available any previous reagents label these proteins. We show patterns female brains that localize mushroom bodies (MBs) central complex, respectively, as predicted by roles sleep. By contrast, unexpected enrichment Octβ1R complex nerve terminals lobular columnar cells visual system suggest new hypotheses about functions sites. Using additional allele serotonin transporter, marker serotonergic tracts, demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT presynaptic neurons, consistent with importance both synaptic volume transmission. Finally, use it localizes distinct within MBs Kenyon autoreceptor.

Язык: Английский

---

Opponent control of reinforcement by striatal dopamine and serotonin

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 639(8053), С. 143 - 152

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2024

Язык: Английский

---