Organizational Principles of the Primate Cerebral Cortex at the Single‐Cell Level

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Abstract The primate cerebral cortex, the major organ for cognition, consists of an immense number neurons. However, organizational principles governing these neurons remain unclear. By accessing single‐cell spatial transcriptome over 25 million neuron cells across entire macaque it is discovered that distribution within cortical layers highly non‐random. Strikingly, three‐quarters are located in distinct neuronal clusters. Within clusters, different cell types tend to collaborate rather than function independently. Typically, excitatory clusters mainly consist excitatory‐excitatory combinations, while inhibitory primarily contain excitatory‐inhibitory combinations. Both cluster have roughly equal numbers each layer. Importantly, most and form partnerships, indicating a balanced local network correlating with specific functional regions. These conserved mouse findings suggest brain regions cortex may exhibit similar mechanisms at population level.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient coding in biophysically realistic excitatory-inhibitory spiking networks

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

The principle of efficient coding posits that sensory cortical networks are designed to encode maximal information with minimal metabolic cost. Despite the major influence in neuroscience, it has remained unclear whether fundamental empirical properties neural network activity can be explained solely based on this normative principle. Here, we derive structural, coding, and biophysical excitatory-inhibitory recurrent spiking neurons emerge directly from imposing minimizes an instantaneous loss function a time-averaged performance measure enacting coding. We assumed encodes number independent stimulus features varying time scale equal membrane constant excitatory inhibitory neurons. optimal biologically plausible features, including realistic integrate-and-fire dynamics, spike-triggered adaptation, non-specific external input. connectivity between similar tuning implements feature-specific competition, recently found visual cortex. Networks unstructured cannot reach comparable levels efficiency. ratio vs mean inhibitory-to-inhibitory excitatory-to-inhibitory those networks. solution exhibits balance excitation inhibition. perform even when stimuli vary over multiple scales. Together, these results suggest key biological may accounted for by

Язык: Английский

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Selectively vulnerable deep cortical layer 5/6 fast-spiking interneurons in Alzheimer’s disease models in vivo

Neuron, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in the neocortex; however, cortical layers and neuronal cell types first susceptible to Aβ remain unknown. Using vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging visual cortex of AD mouse models, we found that layer 5 neurons displayed abnormally prolonged transients before substantial plaque formation. Neuropixels recordings revealed these abnormal were associated with reduced spiking impaired tuning parvalbumin (PV)-positive fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) 5/6, whereas PV-FSIs superficial remained unaffected. These dysfunctions occurred alongside a deep-layer-specific reduction pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) within excitatory neurons, decreased GluA4 PV-FSIs, fewer synapses onto PV-FSIs. Notably, NPTX2 overexpression increased input 5/6 rectified their activity. Thus, our findings reveal an early selective impairment deep models identify deep-layer as therapeutic targets.

Язык: Английский

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Spiking attractor model of motor cortex explains modulation of neural and behavioral variability by prior target information

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Abstract When preparing a movement, we often rely on partial or incomplete information, which can decrement task performance. In behaving monkeys show that the degree of cued target information is reflected in both, neural variability motor cortex and behavioral reaction times. We study underlying mechanisms spiking motor-cortical attractor model. By introducing biologically realistic network topology where excitatory neuron clusters are locally balanced with inhibitory robustly achieve metastable activity across wide range parameters. application to monkey task, model performs target-specific action selection accurately reproduces task-epoch dependent reduction trial-to-trial vivo directly reflects amount processed while irregularity remained constant throughout task. context cue increased time explain conclude context-dependent signum computation cortex.

Язык: Английский

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Specific inhibition and disinhibition in the higher-order structure of a cortical connectome

Cerebral Cortex, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(11)

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

Neurons are thought to act as parts of assemblies with strong internal excitatory connectivity. Conversely, inhibition is often reduced blanket no targeting specificity. We analyzed the structure excitation and in MICrONS $mm^{3}$ dataset, an electron microscopic reconstruction a piece cortical tissue. found that was structured around feed-forward flow large non-random neuron motifs information from small number sources larger potential targets. Inhibitory neurons connected specific sequential positions these motifs, implementing targeted symmetrical competition between them. None trends detectable only pairwise connectivity, demonstrating by motifs. While descriptions circuits range non-specific blanket-inhibition targeted, our results describe form specificity existing higher-order connectome. These findings have important implications for role learning synaptic plasticity.

Язык: Английский

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